scholarly journals The Projection Problem for Predicates of Taste

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Dilip Ninan
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Quantifiers ◽  
Projection Problem ◽  
Taste Predicates ◽  
Acquaintance Inference ◽  
Maxim Of Quality ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Predicates Of Taste

Utterances of simple sentences containing taste predicates (e.g. "delicious", "fun", "frightening") typically imply that the speaker has had a particular sort of first-hand experience with the object of predication. For example, an utterance of "The carrot cake is delicious" would typically imply that the speaker had actually tasted the cake in question, and is not, for example, merely basing her judgment on the testimony of others. According to one approach, this 'acquaintance inference' is essentially an implicature, one generated by the Maxim of Quality together with a certain principle concerning the epistemology of taste (Ninan 2014). We first discuss some problems for this approach, problems that arise in connection with disjunction and generalized quantifiers. Then, after stating a conjecture concerning which operators 'obviate' the acquaintance inference and which do not, we build on Anand and Korotkova 2018 and Willer and Kennedy Forthcoming by developing a theory that treats the acquaintance requirement as a presupposition, albeit one that can be obviated by certain operators.

scholarly journals Taste predicates and the acquaintance inference

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Ninan
Keyword(s):  
Taste Predicates ◽  
Projection Pattern ◽  
Epistemic Approach ◽  
Acquaintance Inference ◽  
Simple Sentences

Simple sentences containing predicates like "tasty<br /> and "beautiful" typically suggest that the speaker has first-hand knowledge of the item being evaluated. I consider two explanations of this "acquaintance inference": a presuppositional approach, and a pragmatic-epistemic approach. The presuppositional approach has a number of virtues, but runs into trouble because the acquaintance inference has a very different projection pattern from that of standard presuppositions. The pragmatic-epistemic approach accounts for the main data discussed in the paper, but faces challenges of its own.

Simple sentences, complex learning.

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Edward H. Matthei
Keyword(s):  
Complex Learning ◽  
Simple Sentences

An Analysis of Expletive Words Used in Conversation by Kubang Society, Pauh Sub District, Padang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Muthia Damaiyanti ◽  
Edwar Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Recording Technique ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
Written Form ◽  
And Function ◽  
Simple Sentences

Speaking is one of the activities conducted by human everyday. In speaking, the sentences can be simple sentences and even complex sentences. Sometimes, in speaking the words and phrases are used to fill a syntactic position without having a meaning or referent. It is called expletive. The research analyzes the form and function of expletive in utterances of kubang society. The data were collected through interviews and recording technique and the theory used from Azar and Manser. The data were presented in written form. The research shows that there are fiften expletive words used by Kubang society in conversation. Expletive often appears in adverb. Though, it is only a filler, expletive words are often used by Kubang society.

KALIMAT TUNGGAL DAN MAJEMUK BAHASA MELAYU DIALEK DALU-DALU KECAMATAN TAMBUSAI

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Etri Wermi
Keyword(s):  
Language Variation ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Data Collecting ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Descriptive Method

The aim of this research is in order to prevent the fading of Dalu-Dalu Kecamatan Tambusai Dialect of Malay language from other regional languages, so that the original language will not extinguish. This research was handled in the middle of April 2004 until  finish,  in Dalu-Dalu, Kecamatan Tambusai. The material  compositions are  the  theory used, dialect,  syntax meaning, language  variation,  and  single  sentences,  simple  sentences,  aquivalent compound sentences.  The  materials  were  analyzed  by  using  descriptive  method. Data  collecting technique without statisticts. After doing the research for approximately three months, it can be  concluded  that  Dalu-Dalu  dialect  of  Malay  language  is  used  by  communiy  in communication formally and informally.Abstrak   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya pelunturan Bahasa Melayu Dialek Dalu-Dalu  Kecamatan  Tambusai  oleh  bahasa  daerah  lainnya,  sehingga  tidak  akan  terlihat  lagi keasliannya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada pertengahan April 2004 sampai dengan selesai, di  daerah  Dalu-Dalu,  Kecamatan  Tambusai.  Komposisi materi  yang  digunakan  yaitu  teori yang  dipergunakan,  dialek,  pengertian sintaksis,  variasi  bahasa,  dan  kalimat  tunggal,  serta kalimat  majemuk  setara.  Materi-materi  tersebut  diteliti  dengan  metode  deskriptif  dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, rekaman, dan wawancara, beserta penganalisisan data  dengan menggunakan  teknik  tidak  statistik.  Setelah melakukan  penelitian  baik  secara langsung maupun  tidak  langsung  selama  kurang  lebih  tiga  bulan, maka  dapat  disimpulkan bahwa  penggunaan  Bahasa Melayu  Dialek  Dalu-Dalu  Kecamatan  Tambusai  dipergunakan oleh masyarakat pemakainya dalam berkomunikasi baik formal maupun informal.

Lying and Gricean Quality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Stokke
Keyword(s):  
Gricean Maxims ◽  
Maxim Of Quality

This chapter argues against accounts of lying in terms of Gricean maxims. It first considers attempts to characterize lying in terms of Grice’s First Maxim of Quality, admonishing speakers to avoid saying what they believe to be false. Even though many lies are instances of covert violations of the First Maxim of Quality, the phenomenon of bald-faced lies demonstrates that some lies overtly violate the First Maxim of Quality. In light of this, one account takes lies to be violations of the First Maxim of Quality, covert or overt. This view is seen to wrongly count ironic utterances as lies. The chapter then goes on to discuss an alternative Gricean conception of lying in terms of the Supermaxim of Quality. Yet this view is seen to wrongly count false implicatures as lies. The chapter concludes that lying cannot satisfactorily be characterized in terms of Gricean maxims.

Eye-Movement Patterns of Readers With Down Syndrome During Sentence-Processing: An Exploratory Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Frenck-Mestre ◽  
Nathalie Zardan ◽  
Annie Colas ◽  
Alain Ghio
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Simple Sentences

Abstract Eye movements were examined to determine how readers with Down syndrome process sentences online. Participants were 9 individuals with Down syndrome ranging in reading level from Grades 1 to 3 and a reading-level-matched control group. For syntactically simple sentences, the pattern of reading times was similar for the two groups, with longer reading times found at sentence end. This “wrap-up” effect was also found in the first reading of more complex sentences for the control group, whereas it only emerged later for the readers with Down syndrome. Our results provide evidence that eye movements can be used to investigate reading in individuals with Down syndrome and underline the need for future studies.

Sentiment Analysis of Comparative Sentences for Chinese Document

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 1079-1082
Author(s):  
Guo Shi Wu ◽  
Xiao Yin Wu ◽  
Jing Jing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Opinion Mining ◽  
Sentiment Classification ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sentence Patterns ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Document Level ◽  
Level Analysis

One of the most widely-studied sub-problems of opinion mining is sentiment classification, which includes three study levels: word, sentence and document. At the third level, most of the existing methods ignore comparative sentences which have particular sentence patterns and may lower the precision of the document-level analysis. This paper studies sentiment analysis of comparative sentences. The aim is to determine whether opinions expressed in a comparative sentence are positive or negative. Experiments of comparing with document-level sentiment analysis based on simple sentences shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Lying and Fiction

2018 ◽  
pp. 302-314
Author(s):  
Emar Maier
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Semantic Framework ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
The Common ◽  
Maxim Of Quality

Lying and fiction both involve the deliberate production of statements that fail to obey Grice’s first Maxim of Quality (“do not say what you believe to be false”). The question thus arises if we can provide a uniform analysis for fiction and lies. This chapter discusses the similarities, but also some fundamental differences between lying and fiction. It argues that there is little hope for a satisfying account within a traditional truth-conditional semantic framework. Rather than immediately moving to a fully pragmatic analysis involving distinct speech acts of fiction-making and lying, the chapter first explores how far we get with the assumption that both are simply assertions, analyzed in a Stalnakerian framework, i.e., as proposals to update the common ground.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document