scholarly journals Phylogeography and distribution of the freshwater razor clams Novaculina myanmarensis and N. gangetica in Myanmar, with notes on two doubtful nominal taxa described as Novaculina members (Bivalvia: Pharidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Than Win ◽  
Ivan N. Bolotov ◽  
Ilya V. Vikhrev ◽  
Zau Lunn ◽  
Nyein Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Allopatric Species ◽  
Freshwater Bivalves ◽  
Razor Clams ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
New Occurrences

The razor clam genus Novaculina Benson, 1830 (Bivalvia: Pharidae: Pharellinae) is a group of secondary freshwater bivalves. Four allopatric species in this genus are distributed throughout Asian freshwater drainages from the Ganges River in India to the Yangtze River in China. Here, we present several new occurrences of Novaculina myanmarensis and N. gangetica from Myanmar that were confirmed by means of a molecular approach. These occurrences expand our knowledge on the ranges of both species. Furthermore, we compiled an updated distribution map for all the species in this genus. Our phylogeographic research suggests that Novaculina myanmarensis colonized the Ayeyarwady Basin from rivers of the Salween Estuary (Donthami and Ataran rivers) during the Late Pleistocene. Conversely, Novaculina gangetica populations from Myanmar does not demonstrate any clear phylogeographic structure. At first glance, this pattern can also be caused by a (sub)recent (Pleistocene) immigration into coastal rivers of western Myanmar from the Ganges Basin, although this preliminary hypothesis is yet to be confirmed using DNA sequences of samples from India and Bangladesh. Finally, the taxonomic status of two doubtful nominal taxa initially described as Novaculina members is discussed, i.e. N. gangetica theobaldi Hanley & Theobald, 1874 and N. andamanensis Preston, 1908. These taxa are considered junior subjective synonyms of the estuarine bivalve species Cultellus maximus (Gmelin, 1791) (Pharidae) and Azorinus coarctatus (Gmelin, 1791) (Solecurtidae), respectively.

Size characteristics and mineralogy of suspended sediments of the Ganges river, India

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Chakrapani ◽  
V. Subramanian ◽  
R. J. Gibbs ◽  
P. K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
The Ganges

Taking the pulse of Mother Ganga - Revealing the visible and invisible water pollution crisis along the Ganges River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Network ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

<p>It is probably hard to overestimate the significance of the River Ganges for its spiritual, cultural and religious importance. As the worlds’ most populated river basin and a major water resource for the 400 million people inhabiting its catchment, the Ganges represents one of the most complex and stressed river systems globally. This makes the understanding and management of its water quality an act of humanitarian and geopolitical relevance. Water quality along the Ganges is critically impacted by multiple stressors, including agricultural, industrial and domestic pollution inputs, a lack and failure of water and sanitation infrastructure, increasing water demands in areas of intense population growth and migration, as well as the severe implications of land use and climate change. Some aspects of water pollution are readily visualised as the river network evolves, whilst others contribute to an invisible water crisis (Worldbank, 2019) that affects the life and health of hundreds of millions of people.</p><p>We report the findings of a large collaborative study to monitor the evolution of water pollution along the 2500 km length of the Ganges river and its major tributaries that was carried out over a six-week period in Nov/Dec 2019 by three teams of more than 30 international researchers from 10 institutions. Surface water and sediment were sampled from more than 80 locations along the river and analysed for organic contaminants, nutrients, metals, pathogen indicators, microbial activity and diversity as well as microplastics, integrating in-situ fluorescence and UV absorbance optical sensor technologies with laboratory sample preparation and analyses. Water and sediment samples were analysed to identify the co-existence of pollution hotspots, quantify their spatial footprint and identify potential source areas, dilution, connectivity and thus, derive understanding of the interactions between proximal and distal of sources solute and particulate pollutants.</p><p>Our results reveal the co-existence of distinct pollution hotspots for several contaminants that can be linked to population density and land use in the proximity of sampling sites as well as the contributing catchment area. While some pollution hotspots were characterised by increased concentrations of most contaminant groups, several hotspots of specific pollutants (e.g., microplastics) were identified that could be linked to specific cultural and religious activities. Interestingly, the downstream footprint of specific pollution hotspots from contamination sources along the main stem of the Ganges or through major tributaries varied between contaminants, with generally no significant downstream accumulation emerging in water pollution levels, bearing significant implications for the spatial reach and legacy of pollution hotspots. Furthermore, the comparison of the downstream evolution of multi-pollution profiles between surface water and sediment samples support interpretations of the role of in-stream fate and transport processes in comparison to patterns of pollution source zone activations across the channel. In reporting the development of this multi-dimensional pollution dataset, we intend to stimulate a discussion on the usefulness of large river network surveys to better understand the relative contributions, footprints and impacts of variable pollution sources and how this information can be used for integrated approaches in water resources and pollution management.</p>

scholarly journals On the water hazards in the trans-boundary Kosi River basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sh. Chen ◽  
G. Sh. Hu ◽  
W. Deng ◽  
N. Khanal ◽  
Y. H. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
Landslides And Debris Flows ◽  
Water Hazards ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Basin Area

Abstract. The Kosi River is an important tributary of the Ganges River, which passes through China, Nepal and India. With a basin area of 71 500 km2, the Kosi River has the largest elevation drop in the world (from 8848 m of Mt Everest to 60 m of the Ganges Plain) and covers a broad spectrum of climate, soil, vegetation and socioeconomic zones. The basin suffers from multiple water related hazards including glacial lake outburst, debris flow, landslides, flooding, drought, soil erosion and sedimentation. This paper describes the characteristics of water hazards in the basin, based on the literature review and site investigation covering hydrology, meteorology, geology, geomorphology and socio-economics. Glacial lake outbursts are a huge threat to the local population in the region and they usually further trigger landslides and debris flows. Floods are usually a result of interaction between man-made hydraulic structures and the natural environment. Debris flows are widespread and occur in clusters. Droughts tend to last over long periods and affect vast areas. Rapid population increase, the decline of ecosystems and climate change could further exacerbate various hazards in the region. The paper has proposed a set of mitigating strategies and measures. It is an arduous challenge to implement them in practice. More investigations are needed to fill in the knowledge gaps.

Bangladesh–India: Treaty on Sharing of the Ganges Waters at Farakka

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Sands
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
The Ganges

The Bangladesh–India Treaty on sharing the waters of the Ganges River and the India–Nepal Treaty on sharing the waters of the Mahakali River [36 I.L.M. 531 (1997)] are intended to bring to an end long–running differences between India and her neighbors over the entitlement to water flows following the construction by India of barrages on the Ganges and Mahakali Rivers. The treaties establish long–term water discharge regimes of 30 and 75 years respectively, focusing on the utilization of waters rather than their conservation.

scholarly journals Remembering Nepal Earthquake of 2015 and Updating Post-earthquake Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Dangal ◽  
Ojash Dangal ◽  
Dharana Gelal
Keyword(s):  
Ganges River ◽  
Nepal Earthquake ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Northwestern Bangladesh ◽  
River Plain ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
The City ◽  
Earthquake Reconstruction

Nepal earthquake of 2015, a massive earthquake that struck near the city of Kathmandu (Gorkha) in central Nepal on April 25, 2015. Nearly 9,000 people were killed, many thousands more were injured, and more than 600,000 structures in Kathmandu and other nearby 31 districts were either damaged or destroyed. The earthquake was felt throughout central and eastern Nepal, much of the Ganges River plain in northern India, and northwestern Bangladesh, as well as in the southern parts of the Plateau of Tibet and western Bhutan.

scholarly journals Three new species of the genus Coddingtonia from Asia (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Feng ◽  
Yucheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Three New Species

The current paper expands knowledge of the genus Coddingtonia Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009. Based on morphological characters and molecular data, three species are documented as new to science: C. erhuan Feng & Lin, sp. nov. (♀) from China, C. lizu Feng & Lin, sp. nov. (♀) from China, and C. huifengi Feng & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀) from Indonesia. The type of C. euryopoides Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 is also reexamined. DNA sequences (COI), detailed illustrations of habitus, male palp and epigyne are provided for these four species, as well as a key and a distribution map for Coddingtonia species.

scholarly journals Hydrostratigraphy and Its Relation to Ground-Water Potentiality of an Area of the Ganges River Delta in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shahinuzzaman ◽  
Sajib Mostafa ◽  
Khan M. Nasir Uddin ◽  
M. Khairul Islam ◽  
Md. Alibuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
The Ganges
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