scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF VIRAL ETIOLOGY DETERMINATION IN SEVERE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Alexandru-Ioan Ulmeanu ◽  
◽  
Carmen Zapucioiu ◽  
Maria Dorina Craciun ◽  
Coriolan Ulmeanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Viral Detection ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children Under 5

Introduction. Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death worldwide in children under 5 years. In practice, viral detection using multiplex PCR is becoming increasingly used, it is most useful to understand the epidemiology and impact of viruses on the pediatric population but there are still many debates regarding the influence of viral detection on patient care. Objectives. In this study we aimed to analyze the impact of viral etiology determination on the duration of hospitalization and on the administered treatment. Material and methods. The selection criteria was: children between 0-5 years with severe lower respiratory tract infection. We have analyzed three groups of patients: a group with specified viral infection, a second group with unspecified viral infection and a third group with bacterial infection. Results. In the analyzed period 72 children under 5 years of age who have shown signs of acute respiratory failure have been diagnosed with a specific viral infection, only 2% of the total viral infections. The main etiology was represented by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 73.5% of cases, followed by Influenza 11%, Parainfluenza 4.2%, metapneumovirus (hMPV), Rhinovirus, Adenovirus and Bocavirus all with 2.8%. Within the unspecified viral infection group antibiotics were used in 85.5% (n = 53) of the cases. Within the specified viral infection group although viral etiology was firmly established antibiotics usage rate was higher 92% (n = 57). Duration of hospital stay was 2,5 days higher in the viral specified group compared with the unspecified one. Thus we found that although the diagnosis of viral infection was certainly given because of severe clinical picture and young age of children the expenses were 30% higher. Conclusions. In our study, RSV is the most common virus involved in the etiology of viral LRTI and is encountered in the most severe forms of the disease especially in young infants and prematures. Antibiotics are commonly used in the severe forms of LRTI, even if the viral etiology is certain and the groups of antibiotics used are similar. Determination of viral etiology has not reduced hospitalization, nor has led to changing of physician therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Macao: a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lei ◽  
Lisong Yang ◽  
Cheong Tat Lou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Kin Ian SiTou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the leading causes of hospitalization in children. Understanding the local dominant viral etiologies is important to inform infection control practices and clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the viral etiology and epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients in Macao. Methods A retrospective study using electronic health records between 2014 and 2017 at Kiang Wu Hospital was performed. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from hospitalized children aged 13 years or younger with respiratory tract diseases. xMAP multiplex assays were employed to detect respiratory agents including 10 respiratory viruses. Data were analyzed to describe the frequency and seasonality. Results Of the 4880 children enrolled in the study, 3767 (77.1%) were positive for at least one of the 13 viral pathogens tested, of which 2707 (55.5%) being male and 2635 (70.0%) under 2 years old. Among the positive results, there were 3091 (82.0%) single infections and 676 (18.0%) multiple infections. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV 27.4%), adenovirus (ADV, 15.8%), respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB, 7.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA, 7.8%). The detection of viral infection was the most prevalent in autumn (960/1176, 81.6%), followed by spring (1095/1406, 77.9%), winter (768/992, 77.4%), and summer (944/1306, 72.3%), with HRV/EV and ADV being most commonly detected throughout the 4 years of study period. The detection rate of viral infection was highest among ARI patients presented with croup (123/141, 87.2%), followed by lower respiratory tract infection (1924/2356, 81.7%) and upper respiratory tract infection (1720/2383, 72.2%). FluA, FluB and ADV were positive factors for upper respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, infection with RSVA, RSVB, PIV3, PIV4, HMPV, and EV/RHV were positively associated with lower respiratory tract infections; and PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3 were positively associated with croup. Conclusions This is the first study in Macao to determine the viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for ARIs. The study findings can contribute to the awareness of pathogen, appropriate preventative measure, accurate diagnosis, and proper clinical management of respiratory viral infections among children in Macao.

scholarly journals Role of Human Bocavirus Respiratory Tract Infection in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikara Ogimi ◽  
Emily T Martin ◽  
Hu Xie ◽  
Angela P Campbell ◽  
Alpana Waghmare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplant ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Limited data exist regarding the impact of human bocavirus (BoV) in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Methods In a longitudinal surveillance study among allogeneic HCT recipients, pre-HCT and weekly post-HCT nasal washes and symptom surveys were collected through day 100, then at least every 3 months through 1 year post-HCT at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (2005–2010). Samples were tested by multiplex semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 12 viruses. Plasma samples from BoV + subjects were analyzed by PCR. Separately, we conducted a retrospective review of HCT recipients with BoV detected in lower respiratory tract specimens. Results Among 51 children and 420 adults in the prospective cohort, 21 distinct BoV respiratory tract infections (RTIs) were observed by 1 year post-HCT in 19 patients. Younger age and exposure to children were risk factors for BoV acquisition. Univariable models among patients with BoV RTI showed higher peak viral load in nasal samples (P = .04) and presence of respiratory copathogens (P = .03) were associated with presence of respiratory symptoms, but BoV plasma detection was not. Only watery eyes and rhinorrhea were associated with BoV RTI in adjusted models. With additional chart review, we identified 6 HCT recipients with BoV detected in lower respiratory tract specimens (incidence rate of 0.4% [9/2509] per sample tested). Although all cases presented with hypoxemia, 4 had respiratory copathogens or concomitant conditions that contributed to respiratory compromise. Conclusions BoV RTI is infrequent in transplant recipients and associated with mild symptoms. Our studies did not demonstrate convincing evidence that BoV is a serious respiratory pathogen.

Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Cali, Colombia: A Two-Year Ambulatory Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Stephen Berman ◽  
Alvaro Duenas ◽  
Alvaro Bedoya ◽  
Victor Constain ◽  
Saul Leon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
High Fever ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illnesses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

A surveillance system for acute lower respiratory tract illnesses was implemented February 1977 in five neighborhood health clinics. Of the 1,229 patients with an illness identified during the 25 months from Feb 1, 1977 to Feb 28, 1979, there were 38 with croup, 451 with tracheobronchitis, 339 with bronchiolitis, and 401 with pneumonia. Forty-two percent of the illnesses occurred in children less than 1 year of age and 66% occurred in children less than 2 years of age. A viral infection was diagnosed in 20% of the patients by viral cultures and/or fourfold rises in complement fixation antibody titers in acute and convalescent sera. A viral agent was identified in 29% of patients with croup, 20% with tracheobronchitis, 22% with bronchiolitis, and 17% with pneumonia. Four viral agents, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) adenovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and influenza viruses accounted for 94% of the cases associated with a viral infection. RSV was associated with 9% of the cases, adenovirus with 6.8%, parainfluenza with 2.1%, and influenza with 1.3%. These four viral agents had slightly different clinical patterns. The majority of RSV infections were diagnosed in children less than 2 years of age with bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Yearly outbreaks of RSV were noted during periods corresponding to RSV peaks in northern temperate climates. Adenoviral infections occurred most frequently in children between 1 and 5 years of age with tracheobronchitis or pneumonia in association with high fever. Parainfluenza viral infections were usually associated with tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. Influenza infections usually occurred in older children with pneumonia associated with high fever, headache, and myalgias. Bacteremias were identified in four patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Twenty percent of children with moderate or severe malnutrition and an acute respiratory illness were bacteremic. Three of the four children with moderate or severe malnutrition, pneumonia, and fever greater than 38.9°C had a positive blood culture. There were 17 children seen who required hospitalization and three subsequent deaths in this group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document