Households’ Decision to Participate in Cooperative Organizations: Evidence from Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

Farmer organizations are effective mechanisms for increasing agricultural production, darners income and reducing poverty. Regrettably, farmers have not taken advantage of the lofty benefits accruable to those who voluntarily join these organizations. The study estimated the factors influencing households decision to participate in cooperative organizations and also tested the level of agreement among identified constraints linked with participation. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 farmers for the study. Primary data were obtained using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Probit model and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Results of analyses revealed that the mean age, years of educational attainment household size and years of farming experience were 32, 15, 5 and 7 respectively. Result of probit analysis further indicate that age of the farmer, farm income, household size, participation in meeting, major decision maker, distance of farm to the nearest road and farmers social status were the most critical factors influencing households decision to participate in cooperative organizations. Result of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance revealed that there was 0.42 (moderate agreement) between the ranking of constraints associated with farmers' participation in cooperative organizations. Furthermore, findings showed that the top five factors limiting households’ decision to participate in cooperative organizations were inadequate capital accumulation, high embezzlement of funds, poor leadership, recurring internal crises and lack of initiative. Policies to provide good and accessible roads, increase farmers incomes and encourage youths are rational options that will enhance effective participation in cooperative organizations.

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Determinants of Market Outlet Choices by Smallholder Chickpea Farmers in Estie District Amhara Region, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-110177/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chernet Worku Erkie ◽

Marlign Adugna ◽

Essa Chanie

Keyword(s):

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Joint Probability ◽

Probit Model ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Multivariate Probit ◽

Primary Data ◽

Farm Income ◽

Cash Income ◽

Multivariate Probit Model ◽

Market Channel

Abstract In Ethiopia, chickpea is an important plus crop, particularly in Estie district. It is a source of food and provides cash income for majority of smallholder farmers. To commercialize chickpea producers, selecting an appropriate market channel is mandatory. However, selecting an appropriate market channel is not an easy task because there are different factors that affect market outlet choices in the district. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors that affecting chickpea market outlet choices. Both primary & secondary sources of data were used. A two-stage random sampling procedure was used and a total of 122 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multivariate probit model was employed to identify factors affecting chickpea market outlet choices. The result shows that five major chickpea marketing channels were identified and among them wholesalers and retailers purchased about (61.84%) and (18.2%) respectively. The estimation result of multivariate probit model showed that the likelihood of sampled households to select collectors, consumers, retailers and wholesalers were 25.3%, 35.4%, 30.5% and 36%, respectively. The joint probability of success and failure to select all market outlets was 0.01537% and 13.4% respectively. It also indicated that sex of household, education status, family size, off-farm income, access to credit; lagged price and distance to market significantly affected the market channel choice decision of producers. Based on the findings, Government and concerned stakeholders need to focus more on enhancing accessibility of infrastructures facilities, strengthening credit access and improving yield through extension service to accelerate selecting appropriate market channel.

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Determinants of Market Outlet Choices by Smallholder Chickpea Farmers in Estie District Amhara Region, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-110177/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chernet Worku Erkie ◽

Marlign Adugna ◽

Essa Chanie

Keyword(s):

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Joint Probability ◽

Probit Model ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Multivariate Probit ◽

Primary Data ◽

Farm Income ◽

Cash Income ◽

Multivariate Probit Model ◽

Market Channel

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Determinants of Poverty Status of Cassava-based Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria

Advances in Research ◽

10.9734/air/2019/v20i130145 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

M. N. Osuji

Keyword(s):

Probit Model ◽

Poverty Line ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Household Size ◽

Ordered Probit ◽

Farm Size ◽

Farm Income ◽

Imo State ◽

Poverty Status ◽

The Mean

The study assessed the determinants of Poverty Status of Cassava based farmers in Imo State, specifically; it examined the socio-economic characteristics of cassava farmers and assessed determinants of poverty status among cassava-based farmers in Imo state. Multistage and purposive sampling techniques were used in selecting sixty (60) cassava-based farmers in the three agricultural zones in the area. Data used for the study were obtained using structured questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Foster Greer Thorbecke (FGT) and ordered probit model. The result showed that the mean age was 50 years, 67% of the respondents were women, 47% of the respondents attended secondary education, they have 25 years mean farming experience, the mean household size was 6 persons, 88% of the farmers are married, and they have mean farm size of 1.03 hectare. The result of Foster Greer Thorbecke (FGT) analysis showed that the estimate of the poverty profile of cassava-based farmers in the study area was N62, 476.67k, the poverty incidence was 0.25, and the poverty depth and severity were 0.0659 and 0.0362 respectively. This implied that 6.59% of the total expenditure is required to close the poverty gap while in extreme cases additional 3.62% was required to cross the poverty line. The ordered probit analysis showed that education, household size, farm income and extension contact were statistically significant at 1% and 5% probability levels, respectively. Findings revealed that education, household size, farm income and extension contact were the significant determinants of farmers poverty status.

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Religious Institutions and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Journal La Sociale ◽

10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v2i6.512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Nsikak-Abasi A. Etim ◽

Dorothy Thompson

Keyword(s):

Poverty Reduction ◽

Probit Model ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Religious Institutions ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Inadequate Knowledge ◽

Coefficient Of Concordance ◽

Policies And Programs ◽

Multistage Sampling ◽

The Church

In spite of the numerous poverty reduction policies and programs of successive administrations in Nigeria, the generality of the populace are still in a web of deprivation and hunger. It is apparent that government is unable to stem the tide of poverty and thus the need for surrogate stakeholders to lift the poor out of poverty. Therefore, an empirical study was conducted to estimate the factors influencing the willingness of religious institutions to undertake poverty reduction programs for it members and the constraints limiting their ability to initiate programs that will ameliorate the suffering of poor members in the congregation. A total of 60 churches were sampled through the multistage sampling procedure and information were elicited using questionnaire. Data were analyzed using probit model and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Result revealed that the most critical factors influencing the willingness of churches to undertake programs that will lift poor members of the congregation out of poverty were age and educational level of the church leaders, size of congregation, church income and age of the church. Result of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance indicated that there was 54 percent (moderate agreement) between the ranking of constraints associated with the willingness of churches to undertake programs that will lessen the pains of poverty among its members. Findings further showed that the top five most limiting constraints were lack of finance, lack of trained personnel, inadequate knowledge about the programs, unfavorable government policies and low membership strength.

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Households’ Preference for Local Rice in the Upper East Region, Ghana

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2017/1812975 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dennis Sedem Ehiakpor ◽

Justice Apumbora ◽

Gideon Danso-Abbeam ◽

William Adzawla

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Probit Model ◽

Primary Data ◽

Quality Factors ◽

East Region ◽

Upper East Region ◽

Coefficient Of Concordance ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

Foreign Materials ◽

Household Preference

Considering the increasing demand in the rice industry, the study was undertaken to determine the factors influencing household preference for locally produced rice in the Upper East Region, Ghana. Primary data was obtained from a sample of 180 households with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Probit model and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were used to analyze the data. Significant socioeconomic factors include income, age, sex, and marital status, whereas the quality factors such as the absence of foreign materials, packaging, and aroma were also significant determinants of preference for local rice. The top three traits consumers consider in their choice for local rice were good-looking grains, excellent packaging, and absence of foreign materials in the rice. There was an evidence of an increased preference for quality local rice. Hence, increased investment in the rice value chain, particularly the processing stage where quality standards remain the topmost priority, will help boost consumers’ confidence in the local rice market.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (YCAD) PROGRAMME AMONG RURAL YOUTH IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1903128f ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Olajide Julius FILUSI ◽

Julius Olatunde AYINDE

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Development ◽

Formal Education ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Household Size ◽

Chi Square ◽

Institutional Factor ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Agricultural Produce ◽

Multistage Sampling ◽

Programme Effectiveness

The study described the socio-economic characteristics of the beneficiaries of the Youth Commercial Agricultural Development (YCAD) Programme in Ekiti State, Nigeria.Specifically, it identified type of enterprises in YCAD programme and isolated the factors influencing the effectiveness of the programme in the state. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 174 beneficiaries/respondents for the study. A validated interview schedule was used to collect data which were summarised with percentages, means and standard deviation while chi-square and correlation were used to draw inferences. Also, factor analysis was used to isolate factors influencing the programme effectiveness. Results showed that the mean age of respondents was 37±5years, mean household size was 5±2 persons, mean year of formal education was 15±2 years and mean monthly income was ₦41,000±23,000. Results, also, showed that arable crop enterprises (47.7%) and poultry (27%) were the most preferred enterprises by the beneficiaries in the study area followed by tree crops enterprise (12.6%) and aquaculture (12.6%)respectively. In addition, five crucial factors such as Institutional factor (26.672%), Personnel factor (16.345%), Socio-economicfactor (10.626%), Experience factor (9.243%) and Constraints factor (7.506%) were isolated. Further results showed that household size (r = 0.224; p ≤ 0.01) and years of formal education (r = 0.211; p ≤ 0.01) had positive and significant relationship with effectiveness of the YCAD programme. It was concluded from the study that YCAD was highly effective in employment generation, provision of incentives and creation of market for agricultural produce among the beneficiaries.

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Factors Influencing the Dis-adoption of Moringa oleifera among Farming Households in Oyo State, Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v24i4.20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 673-679

Author(s):

D.O. Oke ◽

L.A. Orumwense ◽

O.O. Olugbire ◽

O.G. Oloba ◽

J.O.H. Awofadeju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Marketing Channels ◽

Primary Data ◽

Farm Income ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Access Information ◽

Farming Households ◽

Agroforestry Practices ◽

Significant Factors

This study was conducted to determine the factors influencing the disadoption of Moringa oleifera among farming households in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires for this study. Descriptive and quantitative techniques were used for the analysis of survey data. Result revealed that the level of disadoption of Moringa in the study area was high whereas those that are still cultivating moringa still realizes income it. Also, the respondents indicated that low return on investment on moringa oleifera, low demand of moringa oleifera products such as leaf and seeds, low sale of moringa products, inadequate processing equipment, and inadequate marketing channels and over hyped health benefit of moringa products were factors contributing to the disadoption of moringa oleifera cultivation.The study revealed that age,membership of farmers’ association, non-farm income, and access to extension and involvement of the farmers in other agroforestry practices were significant factors influencing the disadoption of moringa in the study area. However, membership of farmers’ association and access to extension services significantly influence the probability of disadoption of moringa cultivation negatively. This study therefore recommends that there shouldbe further awareness on the benefits of moringa in order to increase demand for moringa and its product and that farmers should be encouraged to join Moringa farmers group in order to network with other farmers and to access information. Keywords: Dis-Adoption, Moringa oleifera, Probit and Oyo State.

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Analysis on Resource Use Efficiency of Smallholder's Rice Production Farmers in Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria: Probit Model Approach

AgroTech Food Science, Technology and Environment ◽

10.53797/agrotech.v1i1.1.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Sanusi Saheed Olakunle ◽

Alabi Olugbenga Omotayo ◽

Ebukiba Elizabeth Samuel

Keyword(s):

Resource Use ◽

Educational Level ◽

Probit Model ◽

Household Size ◽

Rice Production ◽

Farm Income ◽

Resource Use Efficiency ◽

Extension Services ◽

Rice Farmers ◽

Use Efficiency

This study examined the resource-use efficiency of smallholder rice production farmers in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The problem of resource use among small-scale rice production farmers is preponderance in the country. Hence, the study investigated the drivers of the problem in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Specifically, the study was designed to determine the factors influencing the resource-use efficiency of the respondents. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total sample size of one hundred and seventy-five (175) rice farmers in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Seven estimators such as age, household size, farming experience, educational level, extension services, access to credit, and off-farm income in the Probit model were found statistically significant. Results show that the probability of resource use efficiency of inputs used by the farmers increases with age, farm size, household size, educational level, extension services, experiences in farming, access to credits, but decreases where they have off-farm income. Mc Fadden Pseudo-R2 gives 0.6772, and the Probit model explains a significant proportion of the variations in smallholder farmers' resource use. The study concluded that the socio-economic variables in the model play an important role in influencing resource use efficiency. The study recommends that government agencies and donors should provide simplified, accessible and obtainable credits and grants to existing and prospective rice farmers in order to sustain the current giant stride in rice production in the country.

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Willingness to Pay for Biofuel Among Small-Scale Food Processors in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i7.1426-1432.2671 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1426-1432

Author(s):

Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽

Aminat Olajumoke Jimoh ◽

Foluso Temitope

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Green Energy ◽

Household Size ◽

Unit Price ◽

Primary Data ◽

Small Scale ◽

Probit Regression ◽

Energy Product

Cooking takes the largest percentage of energy consumption and most households still depend on wood fuel energy, which contributes significantly to global warming. However, a major consideration for market infiltration of a green energy product is the willingness of consumers to pay for it. The study examined the determinants of willingness to pay for biofuel among small-scale food sellers in Ibadan metropolis. Primary data were collected from one hundred and fifty-five small-scale food sellers in Ibadan metropolis using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and probit regression. The majority of the food sellers were female (91.0%) with less than five household members (65.8%) and had tertiary education (40.0%). Most of them were not aware of biofuel (82.6%) but were willing to substitute firewood for biofuel (78.1%). The probability of willingness to pay for biofuel was increased by household size, being a female but reduced by bid at the unit price of ₦500 per litre. However, it was reduced by household size and education at ₦600 per litre. Based on the findings of this study, the entrepreneurs should take advantage of the emerging biofuel market by creating awareness of green energy and its benefits among the citizenry while government should support its production so that it can be sold at affordable price.

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Commercialization of Teff production in West North Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-812219/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Habtamu Mossie ◽

Dubale Abate ◽

Eden Kasse

Keyword(s):

Market Orientation ◽

Market Access ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Primary Data ◽

Farm Income ◽

Service Market ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Market Experience ◽

Land Size

Abstract Background: Teff is only cereal crop Ethiopia’s in terms of production, acreage, and the number of farm holdings. It is one of the staples crops produced in the study area. However, the farm productivity, commercialization and level of intensity per hectare is low compared to the other cereals , Despite, smallholder farmers are not enough to participate in the teff market so the commercialization level is very low due to different factors. so, the study aimed to analyze determinants of smallholder farmer’s teff commercialization in west north, Ethiopia.Methods; A three-stage sampling procedure was used to take the sample respondents, 190 smallholder teff producers were selected to collect primary data through semi-structures questionnaires. Combinations of data analysis methods such as descriptive statistics and econometrics model (double hurdle) were used.Results: The average level of teff commercialization index of sampled Teff producers in the study area was 11.97%. The model result showed that the variables like age, gender, education, land size, variety, Teff market experience, distance to the nearest market, off-farm income, and credit were significantly affecting the market orientation of Teff production. Therefore, improving households’ market access, extension service, market orientation, education, and productivity of land (best agronomic practices) would enhance the commercialization level of smallholder Teff producers.

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