scholarly journals Commercialization of Teff production in West North Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Mossie ◽  
Dubale Abate ◽  
Eden Kasse
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Service Market ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Market Experience ◽  
Land Size

Abstract Background: Teff is only cereal crop Ethiopia’s in terms of production, acreage, and the number of farm holdings. It is one of the staples crops produced in the study area. However, the farm productivity, commercialization and level of intensity per hectare is low compared to the other cereals , Despite, smallholder farmers are not enough to participate in the teff market so the commercialization level is very low due to different factors. so, the study aimed to analyze determinants of smallholder farmer’s teff commercialization in west north, Ethiopia.Methods; A three-stage sampling procedure was used to take the sample respondents, 190 smallholder teff producers were selected to collect primary data through semi-structures questionnaires. Combinations of data analysis methods such as descriptive statistics and econometrics model (double hurdle) were used.Results: The average level of teff commercialization index of sampled Teff producers in the study area was 11.97%. The model result showed that the variables like age, gender, education, land size, variety, Teff market experience, distance to the nearest market, off-farm income, and credit were significantly affecting the market orientation of Teff production. Therefore, improving households’ market access, extension service, market orientation, education, and productivity of land (best agronomic practices) would enhance the commercialization level of smallholder Teff producers.

scholarly journals Determinants of Market Outlet Choices by Smallholder Chickpea Farmers in Estie District Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chernet Worku Erkie ◽  
Marlign Adugna ◽  
Essa Chanie
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Multivariate Probit ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Multivariate Probit Model ◽  
Market Channel

Abstract In Ethiopia, chickpea is an important plus crop, particularly in Estie district. It is a source of food and provides cash income for majority of smallholder farmers. To commercialize chickpea producers, selecting an appropriate market channel is mandatory. However, selecting an appropriate market channel is not an easy task because there are different factors that affect market outlet choices in the district. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors that affecting chickpea market outlet choices. Both primary & secondary sources of data were used. A two-stage random sampling procedure was used and a total of 122 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multivariate probit model was employed to identify factors affecting chickpea market outlet choices. The result shows that five major chickpea marketing channels were identified and among them wholesalers and retailers purchased about (61.84%) and (18.2%) respectively. The estimation result of multivariate probit model showed that the likelihood of sampled households to select collectors, consumers, retailers and wholesalers were 25.3%, 35.4%, 30.5% and 36%, respectively. The joint probability of success and failure to select all market outlets was 0.01537% and 13.4% respectively. It also indicated that sex of household, education status, family size, off-farm income, access to credit; lagged price and distance to market significantly affected the market channel choice decision of producers. Based on the findings, Government and concerned stakeholders need to focus more on enhancing accessibility of infrastructures facilities, strengthening credit access and improving yield through extension service to accelerate selecting appropriate market channel.

scholarly journals Determinants of Market Outlet Choices by Smallholder Chickpea Farmers in Estie District Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chernet Worku Erkie ◽  
Marlign Adugna ◽  
Essa Chanie
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Multivariate Probit ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Multivariate Probit Model ◽  
Market Channel

Abstract In Ethiopia, chickpea is an important plus crop, particularly in Estie district. It is a source of food and provides cash income for majority of smallholder farmers. To commercialize chickpea producers, selecting an appropriate market channel is mandatory. However, selecting an appropriate market channel is not an easy task because there are different factors that affect market outlet choices in the district. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors that affecting chickpea market outlet choices. Both primary & secondary sources of data were used. A two-stage random sampling procedure was used and a total of 122 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multivariate probit model was employed to identify factors affecting chickpea market outlet choices. The result shows that five major chickpea marketing channels were identified and among them wholesalers and retailers purchased about (61.84%) and (18.2%) respectively. The estimation result of multivariate probit model showed that the likelihood of sampled households to select collectors, consumers, retailers and wholesalers were 25.3%, 35.4%, 30.5% and 36%, respectively. The joint probability of success and failure to select all market outlets was 0.01537% and 13.4% respectively. It also indicated that sex of household, education status, family size, off-farm income, access to credit; lagged price and distance to market significantly affected the market channel choice decision of producers. Based on the findings, Government and concerned stakeholders need to focus more on enhancing accessibility of infrastructures facilities, strengthening credit access and improving yield through extension service to accelerate selecting appropriate market channel.

scholarly journals Households’ Decision to Participate in Cooperative Organizations: Evidence from Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Nsikak-Abasi A. Etim ◽  
Samuel P. Udolnyang ◽  
Elizabeth S. Ebukiba ◽  
Edet J. Udoh
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Farmer Organizations ◽  
Coefficient Of Concordance

Farmer organizations are effective mechanisms for increasing agricultural production, darners income and reducing poverty. Regrettably, farmers have not taken advantage of the lofty benefits accruable to those who voluntarily join these organizations. The study estimated the factors influencing households decision to participate in cooperative organizations and also tested the level of agreement among identified constraints linked with participation. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 farmers for the study. Primary data  were obtained using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Probit model and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Results of analyses revealed that the mean age, years of educational attainment  household size and years of farming experience were 32, 15, 5 and 7 respectively. Result of probit analysis further indicate that age of the farmer, farm income, household size, participation in meeting, major decision maker, distance of farm to the nearest road and farmers social status were the most critical factors influencing households decision to participate in cooperative organizations. Result of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance revealed that there was 0.42 (moderate agreement) between the ranking of constraints associated with farmers' participation in cooperative organizations. Furthermore, findings showed that the top five factors limiting households’ decision to participate in cooperative organizations were inadequate capital accumulation, high embezzlement of funds, poor leadership, recurring internal crises and lack of initiative. Policies to provide good and accessible roads, increase farmers incomes and encourage youths are rational options that will enhance effective participation in cooperative organizations.

Effect of Non-tariff Barriers on Maize Production and Marketing by Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092095354
Author(s):  
Petro Maziku ◽  
Robert Mashenene
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

This study assessed the effect of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) on the production and marketing of maize for smallholder farmers in Mbozi and Momba Districts located in Songwe region in Tanzania. A cross-sectional design was employed in gathering primary data. A two-stage stratified sampling procedure was used in the selection of 400 smallholder farmers, who were surveyed using standardized questionnaires. In estimating the effect of NTBs on maize production and supply, the duality model was employed. The results indicate that NTBs have a depressive effect on the quantity of maize produced and marketed. The findings further show that a unit increase in transaction costs attributed to NTBs could reduce the quantity of maize produced by 16 per cent in the two districts. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the quantity of maize produced and supplied by farmers in the two districts decreases with an increase in the NTB costs. The study recommends the reduction and/or removal of the NTBs, which impede maize production and marketing among smallholder farmers. This would help the government to achieve its goals of creating high prices in the surplus districts and attain low consumer prices in the deficit urban centers, thus reducing poverty.

scholarly journals Crop diversification analysis on red pepper dominated smallholder farming system: evidence from northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Birara Dessie ◽  
Tadie Mirie Abate ◽  
Taye Melese Mekie ◽  
Yigrem Mengist Liyew
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Smallholder Farming

Abstract Background Ethiopia is the homeland of various crops due to its diverse and suitable agro-ecological zones. As a result, smallholder farmers grow multiple crops on a small piece of land both for consumption and commercial purposes in different portions of Ethiopia, including the northwestern part of the country. However, crop diversification status and extent of farmers were not well understood. Therefore, this study examined determinants of crop diversification in a pepper-dominated smallholder farming system in northwest Ethiopia. Methods Primary data was collected through a semi-structured interview schedule administered on 385 crop producers selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Moreover, the survey was supplemented by using secondary data, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Methods such as the descriptive, inferential statistics, and econometrics model were used for analyzing the data. Results The average crop diversification index was 0.77, and most smallholder farmers (92.46%) used crop diversification as a strategy for risk reduction, nutritional improvement, consumption, and commercial needs. Moreover, the Tobit model result revealed that the status and intensity of crop diversification were significantly influenced by farmland, sex, age, land fragmentation, distance to development center, market distance, and non-/off-farm income participation. Conclusion Generally, most farm households used crop diversification as a norm and best strategy for minimizing risk, income source, nutritional and livelihood improvement. Therefore, crop producers, agricultural experts, the Ethiopian government, and partner organizations should give special attention to extension service, market, and infrastructure development to enhance the role of agricultural diversification for households.

scholarly journals Vulnerability of Smallholder Farmers to Climate Change-Induced Shocks in East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2162
Author(s):  
Titay Zeleke ◽  
Fekadu Beyene ◽  
Temesgen Deressa ◽  
Jemal Yousuf ◽  
Temesgen Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change

Vulnerability assessment varies widely across households, countries, and regions. Though many previous studies assessed vulnerability to climate change, their unit of analysis was aggregate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate change at the household level and identify its determinant factors in east Hararghe zone. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select districts, kebeles, and sample respondents. Vulnerability as expected poverty approach was used to measure household-level vulnerability. Logit model was also used to assess factors contributing to households’ vulnerability. The study revealed that 73% of households were vulnerable to climate-induced shocks. Households with better farm experience, land size, livestock ownership, access to credit, access to extension service, social capital, access to climate information, non-farm income, and headed by a male were not vulnerable to climate change; whereas households who were living in low and midland agro-ecologies, far from the market, and participating in productive safety-net programs were vulnerable to climate change. The study indicated that the vulnerability of smallholder farmers was sensitive to the minimum income required to maintain daily life. Income-generating activities that supplement farm income should be well designed in policy to reduce the vulnerability of smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Production Efficiency of Major Crops among Smallholders Farmers in Central Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masresha Y. Eskeziaw ◽  
Mengistu Ketema ◽  
Jema Haji ◽  
Ketema Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Economic Efficiencies

Agricultural production of most smallholders in Ethiopia is dependent with recurrent rainfall resulted in production variations. Limited input availability and precarious environmental conditions determine smallholders’ decisions on their production and the production efficiencies vary from farmer to farmer. This study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of smallholder farmers in the production of major crops and their determinants in central Ethiopia, Oromia special zone surrounding Addis Ababa. Multistage sampling technique was employed to randomly and proportionally select 386 smallholders from ten PAs. Primary data were collected from smallholders through a semi structured questionnaire using face to face interview. Cross sectional data collected from sampled households in the study area were analyzed using mathematical and econometric methods. Mathematical programming technique selected for this study was Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using linear programming technique assuming multi-input and multi-outputs were handled. Tobit regression model was regressed against the socioeconomic, demographic, and institutional variables that are expected to affect the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of sampled households. The results of estimated efficiency scores show the mean technical, allocative and economic efficiencies were 0.75, 0.60 and 0.45 respectively. The mean scores of efficiencies show underutilization of resources and the possibilities of smallholders to increase their agricultural production by 25%, and reduce cost of production by 40% and total cost by 55%. Marital status, level of education, farming experience, access to credit, cooperative membership, access to farming information, and off/non-farm income has positive influence on the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies. While age of the household head, access to training and livestock size has negative relations to efficiencies. Delivery of agricultural inputs and trainings on time by the government is the key policy implication to improve the efficiencies of smallholders.  

scholarly journals Groundwater Extraction, Agriculture and Poverty in Godavari River Basin

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeena T Srinivasan ◽  
Chandra Sekhara Rao Nuthalapati
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Godavari River ◽  
Resource Conditions ◽  
Land Size

This study analyses the relationship between access to groundwater irrigation, agricultural development, and poverty in Godavari river basin with heterogeneous hydrogeological resource conditions, and their implications for resource governance, using primary data from 825 farm households. The analysis showed that households with access to groundwater earn relatively higher household and per capita incomes. The large farmers seemed to have better access to water resources. Although poverty headcount ratio is high among the upper reach farmers, depth, and severity of poverty is more among middle reach farmers. Land size per se is not a significant variable in determining access, but the access is conditioned by sources of non-farm income, credit facility, education and caste hierarchy. While small farmers used more water per acre for irrigation without commensurate economic productivity, the differences in their economic productivity in comparison to large farmers was found to be associated with inequality.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Technologies by Smallholder Common Bean Farmers in Kenya: A Case Study of Machakos and Bungoma Counties

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rosemary Akhungu Emongor ◽  
Roselyne Juma Uside
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pests And Diseases

Common Bean is an important pulse crop in Kenya. The yields of common beans in Kenya have been low and declining. The decline in Common Bean yields has been due to biotic and abiotic stresses. Research was carried out to determine factors that influenced the adoption of Integrated Pests and Disease Management technologies in Bungoma and Machakos counties, Kenya. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to randomly sample 502 smallholder farmers in Bungoma and Machakos counties. Primary data were collected from sampled farmers by carrying out face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Logistic regression using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 20 Software. Descriptive statistics results showed that farmers in the two study sites used both modern and indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) to control pests and diseases on their bean crops and produce. The Logistic regression results showed that five factors significantly influenced the choice of IPM technologies by farmers. These were: region, level of education of the household head, access to extension services, household food security status and availability of markets for beans.  Access to extension and region were highly significant at 1% significance level. To achieve high yields the factor that significantly increased adoption of IPM in bean production such as access to extension should be enhanced.

scholarly journals Does market access improve dietary diversity and food security? Evidence from Southwestern Ethiopian smallholder coffee producers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Abdella Usman ◽  
Daniel Callo-Concha
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMarket access influences the dietary diversity and food security for smallholder households in many ways. In Ethiopia, most smallholders are subsistence farmers who have poor access to markets. This study used primary data from a household survey to examine the relationship between market access and the dietary diversity and food security for 324 smallholder households in the Yayu area of southwestern Ethiopia in early 2018. Multivariate regression analysis showed that households located far from market centers consumed not only less diverse foods but also spend less on food consumption than households located close to market centers. The correlation between market access and food security measured by Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) did not reach statistical significance, nor did the impact of market access on household consumption and dietary diversity through income. Rather, greater market access appeared to encourage smallholder households to rely on market purchases more than their own production to improve the diversity of household consumption. A direct action to improve the market accessibility would be investments in infrastructure to expand rural road connectivity, which would reduce transaction costs and benefit the welfare of smallholder farmers and communities.

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