Individual Heterogeneity, Job Matching, and Returns to Tenure in Germany

Abstract Background To investigate the heterogeneities of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (HUCMSCs) derived from different donors and their therapeutic variations when applied to mouse liver fibrosis model. Methods The characteristics of HUCMSCs derived from multiple donors were comprehensively analyzed including expressions of surface markers, viability, growth curve, karyotype analysis, tumorigenicity, differentiation potentials, and immune regulation capability. Then, the HUCMSCs with distinct immunomodulatory effects were applied to treat mouse liver fibrosis and their therapeutic effects were observed. Results The HUCMSCs derived from multiple donors kept a high consistency in surface marker expressions, viability, growth curve, and tumorigenicity in nude mice but had robust heterogeneities in differentiation potentials and immune regulations. In addition, three HUCMSC lines applied to mice liver fibrosis model had different therapeutic outcomes, in line with individual immune regulation capability. Conclusion The HUCMSCs derived from different donors have individual heterogeneity, which potentially lead to distinct therapeutic outcomes in mouse liver fibrosis, indicating we could make use of the donor-variation of MSCs to screen out guaranteed general indicators of MSCs for specific diseases in further stromal cell therapy.

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Socio-economic disparities in the dispensation of antibiotics in Sweden 2016–2017: An intersectional analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494820981496 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 140349482098149

Author(s):

Maria Wemrell ◽

Cecilia Lenander ◽

Kristofer Hansson ◽

Raquel Vicente Perez ◽

Katarina Hedin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Individual Heterogeneity ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Discriminatory Accuracy ◽

Intersectional Analysis ◽

Socio Economic Variables

Aims: Antimicrobial resistance presents an increasingly serious threat to global public health, which is directly related to how antibiotic medication is used in society. Actions aimed towards the optimised use of antibiotics should be implemented on equal terms and according to the needs of the population. Previous research results on differences in antibiotic use between socio-economic and demographic groups in Sweden are not entirely coherent, and have typically focused on the effects of singular socio-economic variables. Using an intersectional approach, this study provides a more precise analysis of how the dispensation of antibiotic medication was distributed across socio-economic and demographic groups in Sweden in 2016–2017. Methods: Using register data from a nationwide cohort and adopting an intersectional analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy, we map the dispensation of antibiotics according to age, sex, country of birth and income. Results: While women and high-income earners had the highest antibiotic dispensation prevalence, no large differences in the dispensation of antibiotics were identified between socio-economic groups. Conclusions: Public-health interventions aiming to support the reduced and optimised use of antibiotics should be directed towards the whole Swedish population rather than towards specific groups. Correspondingly, an increased focus on socio-economic or demographic factors is not warranted in interventions aimed at improving antibiotic prescription patterns among medical practitioners.

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Early‐life conditions determine the between‐individual heterogeneity in plasticity of calving date in reindeer

Journal of Animal Ecology ◽

10.1111/1365-2656.13096 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 370-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amélie Paoli ◽

Robert B. Weladji ◽

Øystein Holand ◽

Jouko Kumpula

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Individual Heterogeneity ◽

Life Conditions ◽

Early Life Conditions

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A Predictive Model Assessing Genetic Susceptibility Risk at Workplace

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16112012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chiarella ◽

Capone ◽

Carbonari ◽

Sisto

Keyword(s):

Foreign Language ◽

Principal Component ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Genotype Frequency ◽

Individual Heterogeneity ◽

Cultural Backgrounds ◽

Host Countries ◽

Polymorphic Genes ◽

Safety And Health ◽

The Social

(1) Background: The study of susceptibility biomarkers in the immigrant workforce integrated into the social tissue of European host countries is always a challenge, due to high individual heterogeneity and the admixing of different ethnicities in the same workplace. These workers having distinct cultural backgrounds, beliefs, diets, and habits, as well as a poor knowledge of the foreign language, may feel reluctant to donate their biological specimens for the biomonitoring research studies. (2) Methods: A model predicting ethnicity-specific susceptibility based on principal component analysis has been conceived, using the genotype frequency of the investigated populations available in publicly accessible databases. (3) Results: Correlations among ethnicities and between ethnic and polymorphic genes have been found, and low/high-risk profiles have been identified as valuable susceptibility biomarkers. (4) Conclusions: In the absence of workers’ consent or access to blood genotyping, ethnicity represents a good indicator of the subject’s genotype. This model, associating ethnicity-specific genotype frequency with the susceptibility biomarkers involved in the metabolism of toxicants, may replace genotyping, ensuring the necessary safety and health conditions of workers assigned to hazardous jobs.

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