Effect of hot-arid climatic solar energy on monocrystalline photovoltaic performance in Pakistan

Having in mind that energy is being regarded as indispensable to the socio-economic progress of developing and developed nations, where the main objective implies replacement and reduction of a major portion of the fossil fuels utilization, implementation of renewable energy technologies where natural phenomena are transformed into beneficial types of energy are becoming more and more appreciated and needed. Among renewable energy resources we know today, solar energy is the most beneficial, relatively limitless, effective, and dependable. Having this in mind, the aim of this paper is primarily to help key decision-makers understand the process when considering integration of solar energy to meet their own manufacturing energy needs, or how it is called today, to become ?prosumers?. Given the aforementioned, this paper provides an overview of detailed simulation methodology for Photovoltaic (PV) system sizing and design for metal-forming manufacturing system energy needs. The simulation is based on NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) photovoltaic performance model which combines module and inverter sub-models with supplementary code to calculate a photovoltaic power system?s hourly AC output is given a weather file and data describing the physical characteristics of the module, inverter, and array. Furthermore, the characteristic losses are calculated and presented for a fixed array PV system and illustratively given in the form of a Sankey diagram. A variety of graphical data representations are available while the most important ones are given in the study. Lastly, future research topics were filtered and briefly summarized.

Download Full-text

EDITORIAL

Revista de Engenharia Térmica ◽

10.5380/reterm.v11i1-2.61972 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1-2) ◽

pp. 02

Author(s):

J. V. C. Vargas

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Solar Panels ◽

The Us ◽

Efficiency Increase ◽

Computer Processor ◽

Oil And Gas Sector

Around the end of the twentieth century, nanotechnology appeared to be the new breakthrough, after the internet, for example. At that time, more efficient and affordable solar cells, green chemistry, quantum computing, lightweight composite aircraft, cell-size robots for medical applications were expected to be available soon. When the financial milestones did not become real, investors got disappointed and decided to rethink their plans. Yet today the perspectives are surprisingly upbeat. Currently, it is well known that restructuring matter at the nanoscale chemical and thermophysical properties change, so that systems that have no purpose at the macroscale, at the nanoscale become useful. In fact, several applications have already begun to appear such as in the oil and gas sector components, structured coatings, nanofluids, new cancer treatment drugs, and nanoviricides. Computer processor and memory manufacturers are already producing products with 32 nanometer components, so that the first commercial memristor (memory resistor) is expected to be launched at the end of 2013. In the renewable energy area, just to cite a few examples, low energy consumption nanostructured inexpensive LEDs are being developed to potentially last for years, carbon nanotubes have been used to drastically reduce precious materials content in proton-exchange fuel cell (PEMFC) electrodes and increase efficiency, and nanostructured thin films are being developed to boost photovoltaic performance and reduce costs, which demonstrated a 23.5 % efficient flexible solar panel operating a 2 MW pilot line at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in the US. In comparison to market available 10 % efficient solar panels, this is a remarkable efficiency increase in capturing solar energy for practical use due to nanotechnology. This nanotechnological achievement challenges scientists to possibly change the currently fuel (fossil and bio) energy driven world into a solar energy driven one.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Heat Sink Properties on Solar Cell Cooling Systems

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10217919 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 7919

Author(s):

Zainal Arifin ◽

Suyitno Suyitno ◽

Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana ◽

Wibawa Endra Juwana ◽

Mufti Reza Aulia Putra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cell ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Heat Sink ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Cooling System ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

High Energy ◽

The Body ◽

Passive Cooling ◽

Passive Cooling System

High energy demand is leading to the replacement of fossil energy with renewable sources such as solar energy. Solar cells are devices used to generate solar energy. However, when exposed to sunlight with high intensity, a solar cell can suffer a decrease in performance due to overheating. This issue can be addressing by adding a cooling system. This study used a passive cooling system by adding a heat sink with fins to the body panel of the solar cell. The advantage of the passive cooling system is that it does not require additional energy. The number of fins and types of material were varied to obtain the best passive cooling system. The number of fins used was 5, 10, and 15, and the materials used were aluminum and copper. The wind speed vector and the temperature distribution were investigated through simulation. The results showed an increase in the number of fins provided better cooling capacity and increased the photovoltaic performance. The best cooling capability and performance were obtained using 15 fins with a copper base and fin heat sink materials. The decrease in temperature and the increase in efficiency were 10.2 °C and 2.74%, respectively. Therefore, the use of passive cooling system based on heat sinks with fins could provide a potential solution to increase performance and prevent overheating of photovoltaic (PV) panel systems.

Download Full-text

Kinerja modul surya melalui variasi solar collector dan kecepatan angin

Dinamika Teknik Mesin ◽

10.29303/dtm.v10i1.302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Hendry Sakke Tira ◽

Abdul Natsir ◽

Tommy Putranto

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Wind Velocity ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Solar Panel ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Output Efficiency ◽

Panel Surface ◽

Power Point ◽

Wind Source ◽

Sun Light

Solar energy has been developed in wide areas because its potential to replace the current classic energy, fossil fuel. The advantages of solar energy are cheap and clean. To generate solar energy, photovoltaic is used. There are some factors affects the performance of photovoltaic. Some of them are the amount of light beam received and temperature of photovoltaic surface. This research was done to get better understanding of the factors on the photovoltaic performance. In order to reach the goal, two different solar reflector areas and wind velocity were applied. The wind source is coming from a blower while solar reflector was made from glass. The results showed that the watt peak, power point power maximum (PMPP), and output efficiency were increased by application of larger solar reflector and high wind velocity. Larger reflector application resulted in sun light can be focused directly to the solar panel therefore increasing the watt peak. Meanwhile, higher wind speed on the solar panel surface can reduce the solar panel surface temperature which lead to the improvement in maximum output efficiency.

Download Full-text

The crucial role of configurations and electronic properties of organic hole-transporting molecules on photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d1ta03718h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Weidong Ling ◽

Fan Liu ◽

Qianqian Li ◽

Zhen Li

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Electronic Properties ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Power Conversion ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Hole Transporting

Perovskite solar cells have become one of the most promising technologies to make use of solar energy, the power conversion efficiences (PCEs) have been improved from 3.8% to 25.6% until...

Download Full-text

Rendez vous with Saturn's rings

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100101885 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 743-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kerry T. Nock

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Electric Propulsion ◽

Power Source ◽

Propulsion System ◽

Low Thrust ◽

Ring Plane ◽

The Earth ◽

Total Impulse ◽

Saturn's Rings

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.

Download Full-text