On the tradition of teaching basic economic theory at Moscow University: past, present, future

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-254
Author(s):  
Olga Antipina ◽  
Nina Miklashevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Practical Orientation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Historical Periods

The article examines the tradition of teaching economic theory at Moscow University since the late 19th to the early 21st century through basic textbooks, which reflect the specificity, theoretical and practical problems of the corresponding historical periods. The narrative proposed shows the emergence of innovative textbooks that embody the breakthroughs in both the subject and method of economic theory and the methodology for its teaching. Apprehension of students and recognition of colleagues have become well-deserved attributes of manuals by A.I. Chuprov, N.A. Tsagolov and Yu.N. Cheremnykh. As well as many others, they absorbed, developed, and passed on from generation to generation the experience of teaching fundamental economic disciplines. Drawing on the «pendulum principle» widely used in the research of various intellectual thoughts, the authors show the main features of the new generation of textbooks that will be in demand by students and teachers shortly. While maintaining consistency in reflecting economic reality, the new manuals should meet the requirements of digital economy, such as fundamental and, at the same time, practical orientation of students. According to the authors, basic courses and textbooks on economic theory will be more interactive while their content expansion will occur due to behavioral aspects at both micro- and macrolevels. That will allow students to learn the principles of mainstream and alternative theoretical approaches to solving urgent practical problems.

On the tradition of teaching basic economic theory at Moscow University: past, present, future

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-254
Author(s):  
Olga Antipina ◽  
Nina Miklashevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Practical Orientation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Historical Periods

The article examines the tradition of teaching economic theory at Moscow University since the late 19th to the early 21st century through basic textbooks, which reflect the specificity, theoretical and practical problems of the corresponding historical periods. The narrative proposed shows the emergence of innovative textbooks that embody the breakthroughs in both the subject and method of economic theory and the methodology for its teaching. Apprehension of students and recognition of colleagues have become well-deserved attributes of manuals by A.I. Chuprov, N.A. Tsagolov and Yu.N. Cheremnykh. As well as many others, they absorbed, developed, and passed on from generation to generation the experience of teaching fundamental economic disciplines. Drawing on the «pendulum principle» widely used in the research of various intellectual thoughts, the authors show the main features of the new generation of textbooks that will be in demand by students and teachers shortly. While maintaining consistency in reflecting economic reality, the new manuals should meet the requirements of digital economy, such as fundamental and, at the same time, practical orientation of students. According to the authors, basic courses and textbooks on economic theory will be more interactive while their content expansion will occur due to behavioral aspects at both micro- and macrolevels. That will allow students to learn the principles of mainstream and alternative theoretical approaches to solving urgent practical problems.

Death and Dying

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Covington
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social History ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead

Beliefs and practices relating to death underwent profound transformations in the early modern period and continue to provoke the interest of widely disparate scholars. Once the purview of demographic, medical, and social historians, the subject of death and dying has also been given literary and art historical treatments as well as treatment from a range of other interdisciplinary and theoretical perspectives. As Philippe Ariès once noted, if the historian (and one might add the student) “wishes to arrive at an understanding” of what death meant in the past, he or she must “widen his field of vision” to encompass different historical approaches and methodologies—and even then the subject still eludes. (Ariès 1981, p. 16–17; cited under Attitudes and Mentalities). No study of death’s history can escape the shadow of Ariès, even if his two works relating to the theme of death have been criticized for the selectivity of their sources and sweeping conclusions about collective beliefs. But as with many such ambitious and problematic works—Michel Foucault and Norbert Elias are others whose field-changing books come to mind—the influence has been enormous. Working from the perspective of social history and the Annales school of French historians, Ariès tended to focus primarily on the cultural and attitudinal aspects of death, with most of the books in this article reflecting this approach. But the biomedical and demographic aspects are also important, particularly in the context of an age that witnessed a revolution in professionalized medicine and, according to many scholars, resulted in the medicalization and eventually the “secularization” of death. Historians have also been influenced by the contributions of anthropologists, such as Jack Goody on ritual, Victor Turner on liminality, and Arnold Van Gennep on rites de passage (rituals marking the life cycle), all of whom have deepened understandings of the very different approaches to death that people held in the premodern past. Many practitioners of “historical anthropology” thus explored cultural practices and collectively held symbolic systems, each of which carried extensive implications for the study of funerary rites, burial customs, or rituals of remembrance. Indeed, the anthropologist Robert Hertz made such endeavors possible in his own work on funerary rituals and the psychological connections between the living and the dead or between the individual and the community. Such perspectives were also animated by a related turn in the study of memory, with such notable exponents as Pierre Nora and his “sites of memory”; as a result the use of tradition and commemorative ritual as well as an interest in epigraphs and tomb monuments has been applied to the memorializing of the dead with productive results. Most of the sections in this article select works that reflect these different theoretical approaches as they describe how death in the early modern world was an intimate fact of life and one that was confronted communally and with a common, consolatory language and set of rituals, all of which was a healthier way, perhaps, to face death than the medicalized isolation that often surrounds it in the early 21st century.

scholarly journals Accounting information as the basis for strategic management of agricultural enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1130
Author(s):  
Ivan Milojević ◽  
Dalibor Krstić ◽  
Jovan Bukovala
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Business Information ◽  
Excess Value ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Formation

A key place in economic theory belongs to learning about the position of immediate creators, i.e. producers of goods in every socio-economic formation. This position and all relations in production and society depend significantly on the historical form of production of excess work and the way of appropriating excess work. Therefore, for analysis of the modern way of commodity agroproduction, it is necessary to dispose of information that is the basis for decision-making at the strategic level. This type of information is characterized by the accounting information system as one of the main sources of business information. For the subject of this work, we will take the modern way of agroproduction and creation of excess value, which in recent times, especially after the global economic crisis, is gaining increasing significance in both economic theory and economic reality.

scholarly journals The impact of emotional and psychological factors on public service interpreters: Preliminary studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Valero Garces
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Occupational Tasks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The impact of psychological and emotional factors on public service interpreters is widely accepted by those working in the field, yet studies on the matter remain sparse. Drawing on research conducted in the early 21st century, this paper presents various preliminary studies (Master theses) by students of the European Masters in Intercultural Communication, Public Service Interpreting and Translation at the Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (Madrid, Spain). The main objective of the current review is to determine whether conclusions from previous research are reproducible in new contexts (in particular, the context explored is Spain in the second decade of the 21st century). The subject matter of the studies includes challenges facing non-professional interpreters in different settings; the influence of emotional and psychological factors on conference interpreters, public service interpreters and public service interpreting (PSI) students; interpreting in mental health; and burnout syndrome in PSI. Data for the research has been drawn from interviews and questionnaires. A review of past research on PSI illustrates that interpreters in public services perform their task in challenging settings that are fraught with delicate content, that they are exposed to significant psychological and emotional stress, are expected to perform numerous occupational tasks, and finally, that they are subjected to ever-changing physical, psychological and environmental conditions. The subsequent review of more recent research lends further credibility to past findings and furthermore highlights the need for training in coping with the situations and tensions that have been demonstrated to affect the PSI interpreter’s work.

IDEM-FORMA, METABOLA, IDENTITY. IMAGE STUCTURE OF THE POEM BY VLADIMIR ARISTOV "THE DOLPHINARIUM"

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Aleksei E. Masalov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Special Technique ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Image Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Early 21St Century

In the article, the author accomplishes analyzing the poem “Dolphinarium” by Vladimir Aristov, in which the poet expresses his search for “the space of general likeness” and a common language, a common corporality. He denominated the work in that vein a concept of “idem-forma”, which means and a way of worldview and a special technique of creating poems and a method in analyzing artistic texts. Such a concept correlates with the concept of metabola, which was introduced by M.N. Epstein for analysis of the metarealism image structure and its poetic language. In V. Aristov’s poetics metabola is one of the elements of idem-forma, which expresses relationships of syncretism, synthesis, and identity at the trope level. While the poet only proposes the term “idem-forma” in the early 21st century, the image structure of the poem “The Dolphinarium” shows us that V. Aristov searches on that count all his literary way. The specific features of that technique usage in the poem are the synthesis at the chronotope and focalization levels, the subject neo-syncretism and the images-metabolas, expressing both the re-semantisation of details in the Soviet life, and the synthesis of worlds – the human and natural, the bodily and linguistic.

scholarly journals ARTISTIC REPORTAGES BY O. KRYSHTOPA’S UKRAINE: THE SCOPE 1:1

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Maria Lenok
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
Language Politics ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Early 21St Century

The article is devoted to artistic reportages by O. Khrystopa a Ukrainian author of non fiction literature. The artistic reportage of the early 21st century underwent significant changes, evolving from the literary coverage of the 1920s. Contemporary authors refine their texts with different artistic techniques, genre-style techniques, which leads to the emergence of common genres. Such texts tend to be meta-genre in documentary and artistic discourse. The artistic reportages have a dual nature because they synthesize genre features of literature and journalism. There is a tendency to saturate artistic reportage with artistic techniques, expanding the possibilities of literature today. The aim of the article is to find out the place of artistic reportage in the contemporary Ukrainian literary discourse and to analyze some texts, in particular the book by O. Khrystopa’s Ukraine: the Scорe 1:1. The author represented a map of his travels and assignments to different corners of the country, covering a number of small and large cities. It is noteworthy that he reproduced urgent topics: unemployment, employment, language, politics, ecology, coal fever, Chornobyl. The artist skillfully uses linguistic and imaginative means that focus on poetic micro-images in the texts of artistic reportages in the book Ukraine: the Scорe 1:1. The sound and visual images give the texts the proof. The artist imposes the text with the metaphorical, metonymic or amplifying character, uses simple comparisons, synecdoche, often parses a narrative that helps to focus on the background of the image; expresses the artistic background with literary allusions, preserving the tradition of considering one text within another. The study of the genre specificity of the artistic reportage will be the subject of the further research.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon of Religious Faith: Theological, Philosophical and Religious Studies Interpretations

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Sviatoslav Kyiak ◽  
Daryna Martsinovska
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

The article deals with the phenomenon of faith addressed from the perspective oftheology, philosophy and religious studies. The central role of faith in the Christian religion ishighlighted, as well as the specifics of the phenomenon in the 20th – early 21st century Catholicism.The general theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of religious faith in the works by nationaland world philosophers, theologians and religious studies scholars are reviewed; the paperhighlights the principles of their theories based on rational interpretation of the premises of faith,Christian virtues, which underlie moral, ethnic and social norms in particular

scholarly journals Alexander Burganov: a New Code of Time and Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Burganova ◽  
Julia Smolenkova
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Graphic Artist ◽  
New Material ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Metal Meshes

Summary: The article is devoted to the analysis of the work of Alexander Burganov, an outstanding contemporary sculptor and graphic artist. The study of the categories of Space and Time on the example of his works is the main theme of the article. The author believes that Time and Space in Burganov’s work are unique categories and correspond to reality least of all; the author gives examples of specific works and convinces that Burganov has modeled a bright, recognizable, unique personal code with the help of sculptures, graphic works, texts, installations, and artistic gestures. Today, this is especially noticeable as the culture of the 21st century has sharpened and almost brought to a logical conclusion the awareness of artistic being, formed in the second half of the 20th century, and is now on the verge of new creative realities leading to conceptual discoveries in art. The author believes that the artist keenly captures the invisible waves emitted by the developing cultures and subcultures of the 21st century, in which a body devoid of naturalistic sensuality is coldly and symbolically akin to antique statues. The author pays great attention to the analysis of new materials in Burganov’s creative work, believing that the 21st century has brought great changes not only to the form but also to the substance of the bodies of statues and sculptural compositions. Marble is replaced with plastic, bronze coexists with gypsum, metal meshes surround voids and follow the movements of the wind. Paper on an iron frame is a rightful hero of this “Olympus”. It should be noted that there is no place for imitation. New material dictates its conditions for shaping and participates in the interpretation of a new image.Analyzing the contemporary space of culture, the author states that the experiences of European crises have brought into art restraint and minimalism, democracy and the idea of some kind of universal permissiveness in creating and judging art. However, the predominance of mass culture, which received a completely new face and opportunity owing to the virtual space spilled over reality, was the main marker of the culture of the early 21st century. Today, a mixture of styles and cultures, a combination of incongruous is a new reality introduced into our lives by virtual culture. The author emphasizes that it was this invisible space that Alexander Burganov could feel and has reflected in his work. This has made his works relevant and understandable to a new generation which almost does not feel the classics. The author concludes that Alexander Burganov’s work has become a kind of bridge connecting the worlds of classics and modernity, high and grassroots culture, myths and reality.

Neurophilosophy, Philosophy of Neuroscience, and Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence: The Problem of Distinguishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Bezlepkin ◽  
Alina S. Zaykova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Philosophy Of Neuroscience ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Eliminative Materialism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

Neurophilosophy is understood as different areas of philosophy, for example, the philosophy of neuroscience, the philosophy of artificial intelligence, or eliminative materialism. This excessive interpretation of the term is due to the fact that the understanding of the subject area of this discipline is still incomplete. For example, one of the earliest definitions of neurophilosophy given by P.S. Churchland stated reduction of psychology to neurosciences. In modern views, the idea of neurophilosophy as an attempt to justify eliminative materialism is outdated and does not correspond to reality. The article analyzes the terms “philosophy of neuroscience,” “neurophilosophy,” and “philosophy of artificial intelligence” and also offers a variant of their differentiation. The authors focus on the common and different features, using the example of G.M. Edelman's theory of consciousness and the concept of connectionism for weak artificial intelligence. It is concluded that integral use of the term “neurophilosophy” should be abandoned. As a result, the term “neurophilosophy” should be understood as a direction in philosophy of the early 21st century, applying neuroscientific concepts to solve traditional philosophical problems, while the philosophy of specific neurosciences can be considered primarily as a field in the philosophy of science that formulates and solves problems of specific neurosciences as well as of the entire neuroscientific direction. The philosophy of artificial intelligence is an area in philosophy that answers the question of what non-biological intelligence is and what makes it possible; in other words, it is a philosophical and methodological basis for the study of non-biological intelligence. In the formation of neurosciences and their scientific and philosophical basis, we are still at the first methodological stage of the analysis and differentiation of hypotheses. After some time, there will emerge a philosophy of neuroscience, as the basis of all existing neuroscientific theories, and then this term will acquire greater significance.

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