Christian religion and notary: points of contact

Purpose. The aim of the article is a comprehensive general theoretical and comparative analysis of the main problems concerning the things in common between the Christian religion and notary service board, clarification of the transformation of religious rules (norms) into notarial activities and notarial procedure. Methodology. The methodology covers a comprehensive analysis and generalization of available scientific and theoretical material and the formation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific cognition were used during the research: historical-legal, comparative-legal, functional, system-structural, and logical-normative. Results. In the course of the research, the historical and legal analysis of the main things in common between the Christian religion and notary service board is carried out. Scientific novelty. Having analyzed the main things in common between the Christian religion and the notary service board, the author states that some of the basic principles of Christianity were introduced into notarial activities. In particular, in the Bible we find norms that relate to the basic principles of notarial activities, as well as the rules of the notarial proceedings. Traces of Byzantine norms, which are also based on religious norms concerning the procedure for making wills and certain types of agreements, are also observed in modern civil and notarial procedure, as well as notarial records. However, Ukrainian public and private notaries cannot apply religious norms and documents during the notarial proceedings. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in lawmaking and law enforcement activities during the preparation of normative and legislative acts on the legal regulation of notarial activities.

Christianity as “True Religion” According to Karl Barth’s Theologia Religionum: An intercultural Conversation with Selected Asian Christian Theologians

This article orchestrates an intercultural theological conversation between Karl Barth’s theology of religions and selected Asian Christian theologians. The latter rightly stress that Barth’s criticism of religions is mainly concerned with Christian religion, although it does allow for the recognition of “other true lights.” Yet, insufficient attention is paid to the fact that Barth considers Christianity in particular “the true religion.” In critical conversation with these Asian reflections, it becomes clear that we need to move beyond Barth because (1) his Christocentrism neglects God’s presence as Creator and Spirit in other religious traditions, (2) Barth’s actualism does not allow him to properly distinguish between the word of God in the Christian Scriptures and in the “other lights,” and (3) this actualism stands in the way of a full recognition of the historical nature of revelation and salvation in Christ.

Jejak Religi Pada Makam Gerald Alfred Cup di Perkebunan Kina Cinyiruan Masa Kolonial

Cinyiruan Plantation of Chinchona has become part of the garden (afdeeling) of the Kertamanah Plantation. Traces of the Cinyiruan Plantation culture can still be traced, one of which is the tomb of Gerald Alfred Cup. What and how the existence of the tomb is the main problem in this paper. The research method used is desk research with a historical approach. The results obtained are that the tomb of Gerald Alfred Cup shows traces of Christian religion in the Cinyiruan Plantation of Chinchona, and the tolerant religious life on the plantations during the colonial period. Traces of religion based on the shape of the tomb marker and European (Dutch) name on tomb inscription. Gerald Alfred Cup or Tuan Keup is a Dutch, plant expert and the last Cinyiruan Plantation of Chinchona of Administrator. The tolerant religious life in the plantations is indicated by the traces of the tomb as an indication of the existence of Christianity and the presence of mosques in the settlements of the workers. The plantation workers are the original indigenous people of the local village who are mostly Muslim.

YESUS SEBAGAI GURU TELADAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF PANTEKOSTA KHARISMATIK

In this article, the author studies the Synoptic Gospel of Jesus as an exemplary teacher in the charismatic perspective of charisma. This study stems from the author's anxiety over the condition of God's servants / teachers, where educators have now lost direction in fulfilling their duties as teachers. As a result, teachers are no longer a figure or model for learners and the general public. With that in mind, the author paints Jesus as an exemplary teacher in empirical experience. According to the study done by the author in this article, there are two important things to learn, Jesus as a prayer. Jesus' devotion to prayer has inspired many people, including the ministers of the charismatic pantheon, to be specifically the teachers of the Christian religion. Next, Jesus as a teacher. Teaching is a very important task in His ministry while He is in the world. Jesus' uniqueness as an exemplary teacher has greatly influenced human behavior for generations, and even these people have been the catalysts for that change until recently. This is evident from the very dynamic and popular activity of the Pentecostal Church in continuing the church's reform activity. Therefore, this paper is a case study of charismatic phenomena by incorporating the activities of popular religious figures as the objects of recent studies which further emphasize the biographical and personalities of the figures as biologically central. === Dalam tulisan ini, penulis melakukan kajian terhadap Injil Sinoptik tentang Yesus sebagai guru teladan dalam perspektif pantekosta kharismatik. Kajian ini berangkat dari kegelisahan penulis terhadap kondisi para pelayan Tuhan/pengajar, di mana para pendidik sekarang ini telah hilang arah dalam menunaikan tugas sebagai guru. Akibatnya, guru tidak lagi menjadi figur atau teladan bagi peserta didik dan kepada masyarakat pada umumnya. Dengan persoalan itu maka penulis mengupas tentang Yesus sebagai guru teladan dalam pengalaman empiris. Berdasarkan kajian yang dilakukan oleh penulis dalam tulisan ini, maka ada dua hal penting yang perlu dipelajari, yakni Yesus sebagai pendoa. Keteladanan Yesus sebagai pendoa telah menginspirasi banyak orang termasuk para pelayan-pelayan di kalangan kaum pantekosta kharismatik secara khusus guruguru Agama Kristen. Selanjutnya, Yesus sebagai ahli pengajar. Mengajar merupakan tugas yang amat penting dalam pelayanan-Nya selama Dia ada di dunia. Keunikan Yesus sebagai guru teladan telah banyak mempengaruhi perilaku manusia dari generasi ke generasi, bahkan orang-orang tersebut telah menjadi pelaku dari perubahan itu sampai sekarang ini. Hal ini nampak dari aktivitas orang-orang Pantekosta yang sangat dinamis dan populer dalam meneruskan kegiatan reformasi gereja. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini merupakan studi pantekosta kharismatis dengan memasukkan aktivitas tokoh agama populer sebagai objek kajian baru yang selama ini lebih menekankan popularitas dan pribadi sang tokoh secara biografis sebagai sentral.

Self Regulated Learning (SRL) dalam Mengikuti Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di SMP Negeri 6 Palangka Raya

Self-regulated learning is a process of regulating and controlling, monitoring motivation and academic goals, managing human and material resources, as well as becoming a determining behavior in the decision-making process and implemention when the learning process is received. This study aims to determine the level of self-regulated learning in students who take the Christian Religion Education Subject at SMP Negeri 6 Palangka Raya. The research method used is quantitative-descriptive. The population in this study were 81 students with a sample of 68 respondents. The researcher conducted a right-tailed t-test and looked for the t-value of the entire obtained data. The results of the calculation of the One Sample T-Test in this study is obtained from the t-table < from the t-value (1.66792 < 37.202). The highest level of self-regulated learning is 47.1%, the medium level is 41.2% and the lowest level is 11.8%. It can be concluded that self-regulated learning owned by students who take the Christian Religion Education Subject at SMP Negeri 6 Palangka Raya has a high level of 47.1% during online teaching and learning activities. Self regulated learning merupakan proses mengatur dan mengontrol, memonitor motivasi dan tujuan akademik, mengelola sumber daya manusia dan benda, serta menjadi perilaku yang menentukan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan dan pelaksana ketika proses belajar yang diterimanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat self regulated learning pada siswa yang mengikuti mata pelajaran pendidikan agama kristen di SMP Negeri 6 Palangka Raya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif-deskriptif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 81 siswa dengan sampel 68 responden. Peneliti melakukan uji T pihak kanan dan mencari nilai thitung dari keseluruhan data yang didapat. Hasil perhitungan uji One Sample T-Test penelitian ini diperoleh ttabel < dari thitung (1.66792 < 37,202). Terdapat tingkat self regulated learning tertinggi sebesar 47,1 %, tingkat sedang sebesar 41,2 % dan pada tingkat terendahnya berada pada 11,8 %. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Self Regulated Learning yang dimiliki oleh siswa- siswi yang mengikuti Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di SMP Negeri 6 Palangka Raya memiliki tingkat yang tinggi yakni 47,1 % selama kegiatan belajar mengajar secara online atau daring.

Cristianismo primitivo rumo à institucionalização: contexto imperial romano (séc. I)

The present study considers the experience of the new Christian religion in the context of the Roman Empire of the first century, seeking to highlight several aspects of its earliest institutionalization. Primitive Christianity was not a singular movement but was instead reflected in the existence of many small domestic communities without an orthodoxy standardized in faith, an ecclesiastical hierarchy, or centralized institutions. The study will reveal the ways in which Christianity spread through the imperial and synagogal infrastructures, as well as through the use of Greek cultural references. It will also discuss the dominant types of Christian organization, which would benefit from the socially entrenched arrangement of the old patriarchal house as a framework for the centralized and hierarchized institutional development to take root in Christianity, in a manner analogous to imperial bureaucratic architecture.

Misuse of Religious titles by self-proclaimed spiritual leaders: Prophets, Apostles, and Popes in South Africa

In the world of religions, different religious officials are given different titles. Christianity as a religion in the world and in South Africa particularly, has been severely attacked by self proclaimed spiritual leaders who perform false miracles and abuse titles that have been respected by traditional mainstream churches for decades. These self-appointed spiritual leaders make utilization of these titles either through self-propagating or by accepting them when utilized upon them by their followers. This paper argues that self-appointed spiritual leaders' mere use of these revered religious titles cannot be justified within Christianity's framework. This paper offers a closer look at the literature regarding the use of religious titles such as Prophet, Apostle, and Pope. These religious titles remain very respectable within the Christian religion and are used to honour the role played by both biblical and contemporary Christian leaders. This paper makes three arguments; First, the age of the prophets was washed away by God's written Word in the Holy Bible, so those given this title should be pressed to prove the truthfulness of their prophecies beyond doubt. Second, apostles were those who were eye and ear witnesses to the teachings and resurrection of Jesus. Contemporary apostles must be compelled to defend their apostleship, as is the case in 2 Corinthians 11.Lastly, the title of Pope is traditionally bestowed upon the Catholic Bishop of Rome, the head bishop of the Patriarchate of Alexandria, and other leaders of traditional ecclesial communities. In its entirety, this paper deals with the scientifically neglected aspect within the larger question of the regulation of religions in South Africa.

Polemical Comparisons in the Apology against the Christian Religion by Muhamad Alguazir (c. 1610)

This essay analyses the comparisons made in the Apology against the articles of the Christian Religion by Muhamad Alguazir (c. 1610). Alguazir, a Morisco from Pastrana (Spain), was one of the Moriscos living at the court of sultan Mawlay Zaydan (1608–1627). The polemical treatise he wrote was sent to Maurice of Orange shortly after the conclusion of a treaty of friendship between Zaydan and the Dutch (in 1610) and translated into Latin. The polemic had a two-pronged later influence: on European debates about the Trinity; and it was used by Anti-Trinitarians and by German Lutherans in their polemics against them, on the one hand, and by Moriscos living in Tunis, viz. the expelled Toledan Morisco Juan Pérez aka Ibrahim Taybili, on the other. We study the transformations that the polemic underwent according to the translations and the religious transfers.