Stages of the artistic realia introduction into english literary texts

The article is devoted to the differentiation of the stages of the artistic realia introduction into English literary texts based on the artistic communicative situations, taking into account the peculiarities of the communicants’ interaction, artworks actualisation, and realisation of time and space characteristics in the artistic discourse. The stage by stage differentiation of the artworks introduction into the literary text is developed based on the structural analysis of the artistic communicative situations. Accordingly, there are preintroductive, introductive, and postintroductive stages. The completeness of each stage representation is determined by the form of the artwork in the literary text and can be complete, compressed, or zero. In the article, the peculiarities of each stage are defined based on the analysis of the illustrative material. There are preintroductive (determining the time and space parameters of the communicative situation before artwork mentioning, introduction of the participants and description of their appearance and inner state), introductive (introduction of the artwork into the communicative situation, description of such components as form, meaning, artwork characteristics, and emotions connected with it), and postintroductive stages (reaction to the artwork after its perception, realised in the form of the verbalised or non-verbalised communication and capable of stimulating the discussion of the perceived information). Special attention is given to the peculiarities of the artworks introduction from the performer’s and the recipient’s points of view; the details and aspects of their descriptions are considered. Depending on the person who tells the story, the stages of introduction can be prerepresentational, representational, and postrepresentational (in the performer’s descriptions) or preperceptive, perceptive, and postperceptive (in the recipient’s descriptions).

War novel: the history of development and typology of the genre

The general regularities and main tendencies of the development of a war novel have been researched in the article, an attempt of its typology and periodization is realized, the most common genre models is identified. The novel about the Second World War as a leading epic genre, which develops the theme of war in literature, creatively synthesized all the experience gained by the writers and front-line soldiers, became a noticeable artistic phenomenon and widespread genre formation in Western European, American and Slavic writing. It is concluded that the aesthetic and ideological-thematic level of artistic modeling of war reality is localized in different national literatures unevenly and stipulated first of all for the historical and geopolitical scope of the involvement of warring countries in hostilities. For example, in German military romance, is the so-called "Remarkable" novel, as well as a novel with a marked anti-militaristic nature. The main plot of the French war novel is the resistance movement, while the Italian one is fascist domination and occupation actions in the Balkans. Instead, in Britain, which has escaped occupation, military creativity takes a rather modest place. American writing focuses on war as a social phenomenon, armed conflicts in Vietnam. The polivector artistic search, the richness of types and varieties of war novel (panoramic novel, lyric war novel, anti-fascist novel, soldier novel, war novel-education, war novel with documentary basis, etc.) demonstrates military novel prose of Eastern Slavs. In particular, in the development of the Ukrainian war novel, literary critics distinguish such branches as the war novel, the post-war novel of the first decade, the war novel prose of the "second wave" (etc. pol. 50's - 60's), war novel 70’s-80’s, as well as modern war novels.

The Concept of the Pictography as a Background for «Free Hands» Written by Paul Eluard and Man Ray

This article is part of a deeper study of the phenomenon of "picto-poetry" on the example of Paul Eluard and Man Ray's collection "Free Hands". The article proves the intermediality hypothesis of a collection based on the history of its creation, where the two types of arts not only complement each other, but merge into one, creating new forms and genres of French poetry. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature and imagery of the interaction of visual and verbal codes of artistic reality in the collection "Free Hands", as well as to identify the basic features of the composition " in four hands" on the example of the frontispiece of the collection. Research methods: descriptive, structural and semantic analysis methods that allow the identification of relationships between different sign systems (visual, plastic, etc.). The main feature of Paul Eluard and Man Ray's picto-poetic collection "Free Hands", in the preface to which P. Eluard outlined the principles of a single picto-poetic reproduction of the world, is the special principle of organizing the artistic space, when graphic realities also become "literary text", and the poetic text and its graphic "second voice" cannot be interpreted separately. The multi-layered and heterogeneous internal connections in the texts and graphics of authors serve as a form of reproduction of the underlying processes that take place in the human psyche, and the texts of Eluard create visual metaphors that resemble dreams.

Language Milton-model Analysis in Political Discourse

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the verbal influence (also known as suggestion) realization phenomenon in political discourse, which is usually understood as a holistic combined image of the text (be it an advertisement slogan, a political program, a speech, or an interview) itself and the emotions of its recipient and addressee. and is aimed at a a political subject’s (politics, political force, power) influencing a political object (audience, electorate, voter). The political discourse is studied from the standpoint of Psychology, Communicative Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Speech Acts Theory, Advertisement Theory, PR / GR, Political Linguistics and other related sciences, but it is the involvement of such new methods of studying the linguistic and extralinguistic implementation of suggestion in political discourse, influence being its basic function, that emphasizes the relevance of the work, aimed at studying the manifestations of suggestion in political discourses with the help of NLP’s Milton-model analysis. Contemporary political discourse as an array, which, given the specificity of its functioning in today's information society, is characterized by immanent suggestogenicity is the object of the research; while the essential linguistic features of political discourse as a tool for the realization of its programmed suggestibility are the subject. The factual data of the research is represented by recorded media speeches, political advertisement, political programs and press conference speeches of the politicians heading the governments of Ukraine, USA, France, Spain, Italy, Canada, Germany (about 200 items of each class). The author involves the meta- and Milton-model analysis of the text having been researched and developed in the NLP paradigm in order to isolate the actual linguistic influential patterns (markers of language metamodeling processes, simple, complex and indirect inductions). The linguistic algorithm of Milton-model analysis of political discourses having been researched and visually illustrated with relevant examples combines a complex scientific approach within such multisubstrate science as NLP, and thus it will allow not only to single out dominant strategies of constructing texts and mechanisms of these discourses, but also to highlight the ways to counteract their negative effect, as well as serve in the construction of appropriate planning decisions in the field of optimizing the effectiveness of political communication, emphasized the prospects of the research having been presented in the article, as well as its essential practical value.

A Cyborg-animal Image in B. Werber's Work "Her Majesty the Cat"

The article focuses on the novels «Tomorrow The Cats» (2016) and «Her Majesty the Cat» (2019) by French author B. Werber, in which the author presents one of his options for the future interaction of a man with an animal, where the latter is depicted outside the traditional perception of a man. The work explores the writer’s vision of future relationships between species and the conditional symbiosis of animals and people in order to save both. The study examines cyborg-animals that strive to change the world order. The writer in the novels presents a new level of human interaction with another (laboratory animal, cyborg animal) and calls for revision of the generally accepted human perception of animals. A man must abandon traditional highness and consider ways to stop environmental problems, among which are the extinction of rare species of animals. The author tries to warn a person, therefore describes a number of situations in which a man appears to be cruel to the world around, and to protect a future man from results of her own actions. Against the background of the war, the author depicts the problem of human interaction with the outside world, in which the threat to everything alive is not only looting, plague, but also the invasion of rats who seek to dominate the city. For general salvation, animals unite with people, which makes it possible for the writer to interpret the image of an animal as a species close to humans. B. Werber says that the mission of people on earth is changing, they should worry not only about their species, but also about the world around and notes «The Earth is laid to the same extent to all forms of life, animals or plants that inhabit it. And no species objectively has the right to proclaim itself "higher than others"».

M. Bulgakov and XXth century lyterary process

Aleksieieva N. M. «The Master and Margarita» by M. Bulgakov in the Literary Context of the XXth Century (Artistic Synthesis. Narrative Strategies. Mythopoetics.

Concept «Destiny»: Features of Representation in Polish Lingvoculture

Concept «los» («destiny») as a key in the Polish culture has many lexical representation. «Destiny» in Polish is the life, the existence of someone or something; future, sequence of events; the supreme regulatory beginning. Destiny is thought of as contradictory, ambivalent beginning. It is able to help or hinder. Carriers of the Polish language are ambivalent in their relation to the destiny. Presence of the destiny may either be approved or denied. Poles have different views on the nature of destiny. On the one hand, destiny is presented as unchangeable and predefined from above. On the other, there is a view that it is created during the life (existence), and, for example, a person can have a significant influence on it. Metaphorically in Polish destiny is represented by the signs of person, connecting or disconnecting, gracious or formidable beginning.

Psychoanalytical Interpretation of the Intersex Relations in S. Protsyuk's Novel «Infection»

The article is devoted to the analysis of the artistic world of the S. Protsyuk’s novel “Infection” The selected a priori schemes-matrices in the research help to find the complexes around which the author's imagination begins to work and to create the artistic world of the future work. The partially explained process of formation of the writer's novels helped to outline certain unconscious components and supplanted desires of the artist. The analysis of the character's dreams, his fantasies and visions reveals to the recipient the undisguised archetype of the writer's Anima. The considering hero’s unconscious states around this matrix explain us several complexes. The identified features make it possible to assert their presence in creator’s person. Our creative search involves the explanation of the intersex relations of the characters with the help of the archetype of Anima, which forces the person to unconscious actions. It includes: attraction to persons of the opposite sex, neurotic perception of reality, donjuanism, the emergence of fantasies and dreams, which opens a broader picture of the psyche of the individual. This archetype often finds its expression in the work and is clearly manifested in the love lines of the novel, so it would be wrong to ignore it. The comparison of the features of the protagonist's wife and his mother shows us the similarity and correspondence of the heroines. Analysis of the dreams and fantasies of the hero indicates that the hero lived at the expense of women. This statement is confirmed by the interpretation of the following dreams and fantasies in the article. The consideration of the childhood reveals to us the main reason for the betrayal of the hero, because there we find two complexes: the Oedipus complex and the Mother complex. The detected complexes become the cause of neurotic perception of reality and unstable psyche.

Specificity of Understanding the Problem of Gender Relations in Jhumpa Lahiri`s Writing

The article deals with the specificity of understanding the problem of gender relations in Jhumpa Lahiri`s writing (the American writer of Bengali origin). The article`s aim is to explore the peculiarities of gender relations in the context of the transculture paradigm in Jhumpa Lahiri`s writing. Research methods: historical and typological (determining the specifics of themes, motifs, images, story features of the writer`s works), hermeneutic (interpretation of various aspects of the literary text), narratological analysis (specifics` analysis of J. Lahiri`s narrative manner). It is indicated that the study of gender issues is important in the modern literature discourse. The differences between the adaptation of men and women to the new cultural environment are clearly seen in Jhumpa Lahiri`s writing. Yes, men`s purpose is to realize their “American dream”, as most of them emigrate in search of a better life, scientific and academic goals (an example is the man from the story “Mrs. Sen`s”). Like Bengali families, men have every right to make all the important decisions in the family. The features of Indian women's adaptation to the new culture, which are seen not only in overcoming the language barrier, but are traced in everyday life and in relations with men, are analyzed. Women have completely different adaptation experiences. The problem of gender relations is traced to the identity crisis of the Indian woman in America, who balances between cultures and lives in two worlds: wants to be American and at the same time not forget her “desh” (literally “homeland” in Bengali). A stereotyped image of an Indian woman who “sacrifices” herself and remains in despair within the American apartment`s walls is portrayed in Jhumpa Lahiri`s works. Gender specificity is seen in the role of “invisible existence”: heroines are associated with maids who can cook dinner and wash socks only. Women seek refuge in the past and avoid the present. Unlike men, the assimilation process is much more difficult for women. It is mentioned that J. Lahiri shows the material dependence of women on men. The problem of gender relations that is also associated with the decline of family values, where marriage becomes a temporary matter, is no less important.

The Reflection of the Era of the “Roaring Twenties“ in the F.S.Fitzgerald’s Novel «The Great Gatsby»

The article deals with the portraying “Roaring Twenties” which marked a legendary and unprecedented period in the history of American society. Though this era goes back to the beginning of the 20th century, it has never stopped arousing deep common interest because of its uniqueness. Having been abundantly reflected in numerous pieces of art and literature, “Roaring Twenties”, synonymously named “The Jazz Age”, go on provoking public discussion and reevaluation. If viewed in literary terms, this epoch is certainly linked with the name of Francis Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) and with his best known novel “The Great Gatsby” filmed five times. The writer is considered to be one of the best chronicler of the American 1920s. Fitzgerald’s masterpiece had embodied many symbols and icons of America which travelled though one hundred years and still feature contemporary society. The articles attempts to outline extra-lingual information and data that shape the temporal and cultural background of the novel. It aims at providing the readers with sufficient additional information that may significantly enlarge on the novel context grasping. It proposes a detailed description and interpretation of symbols and markers of the American 1920s which typically feature “Roaring Twenties” and the ways they are projected onto Fitzgerald’s story. In particular, the focus is made on American Dream doctrine, New York of the 1920s, the conflict between “the old money” and “the new money”, feminism and fashion, alcohol and crime, music, cars. Some parallels between the author’s life story and his characters are also specified.