Civil Parishes’ Responses to Begging

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-145
Author(s):  
Ciarán McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Great Famine

The decades immediately before the Great Famine witnessed a significant shift in the civil role of the parish vestry in Ireland and a related transformation in how communities managed beggary in their locality. From the seventeenth century parishes throughout Ireland oversaw systems of licenced parochial badging for local ‘deserving’ beggars, yet this practice was largely phased out by the mid-nineteenth century. Parochial officials included officers of health, whose responsibilities included the removal of iterant beggars from local thoroughfares for the purpose of mitigating the spread of epidemic disease.

The Opera Machine

2019 ◽  
pp. 305-317
Author(s):  
Alexander Kluge
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Waste Removal ◽  
Alexander Kluge ◽  
The Masses

This chapter details the dialogue between Christian Schulte and Alexander Kluge wherein they talked about opera's historical relationship to film. In Kluge's film The Power of Emotions (1983), he describes opera as a power station of emotions. He uses this image to talk about the nineteenth century, while in the first half of the twentieth century film took on the role of mobilizing and connecting the masses. He further explains that opera is a power station of emotions in the rather extreme sense insofar as it vicariously carries out emotional waste removal without actually being the power station. The power is generated elsewhere. Kluge then agrees that the opera is primarily defined through tragedy and fundamentally follows victim logic. When watching opera, the audience mainly watches a victim. In almost every opera one can make out a victim somewhere. This is a ritual in opera. One can also find mourning that comes with sacrifice as well as consolation. In this respect, the original, seventeenth-century operas were cast from the same rigid mold, one that cannot be changed for entertainment's sake.

Structure, date and sources of Hikayat Aceh revisited: The problem of Mughal-Malay literary ties

2008 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Braginsky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
Coromandel Coast

It is common knowledge that from the early centuries AD to the nineteenth century India remained an important source of inspiration for creators of traditional Malay culture and Malay men of letters. However, if literary ties between Hindu India and the Malay world, both direct and mediated by Javanese literature, have frequently drawn the attention of researchers, creative stimuli that came to the Malays from Muslim India remain inadequately studied. Yet the role of these stimuli, radiating from major centres of the Muslim, Persianate, India such as Bengal, Gujarat, Deccan, and the Coromandel coast, in the development of Malay literary culture was by no means inferior to the inspiration originating from Hindu India. In this context, cultural and literary contacts of the Sultanate of Aceh with the Mughal Empire in the seventeenth century are a particularly interesting and challenging subject.

Myth and legend as functional instruments in politics: the establishment of the ʿAlawī Dynasty in Morocco

1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Mojuetan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
World View ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
National Myth

The paper examines the ‘Ibn Mashʿal episode’ in Moroccan history and explodes its myth. The episode was a non-event; there was no Jew involved, let alone his assassination. The story was false propaganda by al-Rashīd designed for rallying popular support behind his newly-established power. Its acceptance was assisted by the prevalent world-view. Two anonymous Englishmen visiting Morocco in the seventeenth century were the first to commit to writing the ‘national myth’, thus giving it its first seal of authority, which was later reinforced by eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Moroccan chroniclers. The mock commemoration of this non-event, by serving as a regular reminder of the redeeming role of the ‘Alawī dynasty, helped to arouse and promote continuing loyalty to the throne. Various distortions have, however, crept into the basic substratum of al-Rashīd's mythical presentation.

scholarly journals What the Old Microbiologists Knew...

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Andrzej Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Mineralization Of Organic Matter ◽  
Conflict Information

Abstract Amazing is the fact that although the organisms have been known since the end of the seventeenth century, effective study of this group of organisms started after about 160 years, in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. The origins of science about bacteria were very difficult, there were many unknowns and conflict information. The research results provided by various scientists created complete chaos. From today’s perspective, it is difficult to imagine how it was possible, do research in such conditions, and obtain reliable results? Yet despite these difficulties, knowledge of our predecessors was neither so small nor so doubtful as might be supposed. On the contrary, it was surprisingly big and wide. What our predecessors knew about bacteria and especially their importance in nature? They knew that bacteria live everywhere, knew about their unlimited spread in the biosphere. The role of microorganisms in the mineralization of organic matter was known, as well as the circulation of matter in nature and role of bacteria in cycles of nutrient elements, and the solar energy as the driving force behind these changes. Today - although we understand these mechanisms much more accurately, we know a lot details and individual changes - but the basic outline of the functioning of the biosphere, valid until today created our predecessors. A look back at the beginning of the microbiology teaches us, how much can be achieved with seemingly primitive methods, if accompanied by a passion for research and imagination.

Conclusion

1997 ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Faye Margaret Kert
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
High Court

When the Treaty of Ghent brought the War of 1812 to an official close on Christmas Eve, 1814, it marked the end of privateering as an international weapon of war. Over the centuries privateering, also known as commerce raiding and guerre de course, had evolved well-understood procedures for seizing prizes and legally securing them through the courts. Seventeenth-century English jurisdictional wrangling had clarified the authority of the High Court of Admiralty and colonial vice-admiralty courts to adjudicate questions of prize. By the early nineteenth century prizemaking had become an accepted weapon in the naval arsenal, while privateering played a vital role in the war against trade. In examining the development of private armed warfare from its earliest known records to its role in Atlantic Canada in the War of 1812, this study has compared the prizemaking role of privateers from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia with that of Royal Navy vessels stationed along the American coast....

scholarly journals The Influence of Indian Philosophy on French Romanticism

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Swagata Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
Central Argument

France’s connection to India dates back to the seventeenth century when the French came to establish trading relations with India and neighboring countries. Even in the heydays of Enlightenment, France, the champion and cradle of Reason and Rationality in Europe, was looking for an alternative and philosophers like Rousseau, Diderot and Voltaire looked towards India as a source of inspiration. That tradition was continued by the French Romantics who were even more influenced and inspired by Indian philosophy and wanted to change the course of French literature with the help of it. This paper aims to explore literary transactions between India and France culminating in the movement called Romanticism in French literature. The paper shall trace the trajectory of how Indian philosophy and thought traveled to Europe in the form of texts and influenced the works of the French from Voltaire in the eighteenth century to Jules Bois in the twentieth. The central argument of this diachronic study, based on the theory of influence, is to prove how significant the role of India and her literary/religious texts have been in the context of the Romantic Movement in French literature in the nineteenth century.

The Tales of Innocent Persecuted Heroines and Their Neglected Female Storytellers and Collectors

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Zipes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Feminist Studies ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Made In

This chapter deals with a significant, but obfuscated category of nineteenth-century folk and fairy tales that deserves greater attention: tales told, collected, and written by women. Hardly anyoneknows anything about the tales of Laura Gonzenbach, Božena Němcová, Nannette Lévesque, and Rachel Busk, despite the great advances made in feminist studies that led to the rediscovery of important women European writers of fairy tales from the seventeenth century to the present. Not only are the tales by Gonzenbach, Němcová, Lévesque, and Busk pertinent for what they reveal about the beliefs and customs of specific communities in the nineteenth century and about the role of women, but they are also valuable in the study of folklore for elucidating the problematic aspects of orality and literacy, and the interpretation of particular tale types such as the innocent persecuted heroine.

Illustrated Media, the Built Environment and Identity Politics in Fin-de-siècle Catalonia: Printing Images, Making the Nation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Lucila Mallart
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This article explores the role of visuality in the identity politics of fin-de-siècle Catalonia. It engages with the recent reevaluation of the visual, both as a source for the history of modern nation-building, and as a constitutive element in the emergence of civic identities in the liberal urban environment. In doing so, it offers a reading of the mutually constitutive relationship of the built environment and the print media in late-nineteenth century Catalonia, and explores the role of this relation as the mechanism by which the so-called ‘imagined communities’ come to exist. Engaging with debates on urban planning and educational policies, it challenges established views on the interplay between tradition and modernity in modern nation-building, and reveals long-term connections between late-nineteenth-century imaginaries and early-twentieth-century beliefs and practices.

Gender, Technology and the New Woman

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Wånggren
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Woman ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gender And Technology ◽  
The New Woman ◽  
Grant Allen

This book examines late nineteenth-century feminism in relation to technologies of the time, marking the crucial role of technology in social and literary struggles for equality. The New Woman, the fin de siècle cultural archetype of early feminism, became the focal figure for key nineteenth-century debates concerning issues such as gender and sexuality, evolution and degeneration, science, empire and modernity. While the New Woman is located in the debates concerning the ‘crisis in gender’ or ‘sexual anarchy’ of the time, the period also saw an upsurge of new technologies of communication, transport and medicine. This book explores the interlinking of gender and technology in writings by overlooked authors such as Grant Allen, Tom Gallon, H. G. Wells, Margaret Todd and Mathias McDonnell Bodkin. As the book demonstrates, literature of the time is inevitably caught up in a technological modernity: technologies such as the typewriter, the bicycle, and medical technologies, through literary texts come to work as freedom machines, as harbingers of female emancipation.

Disruptions of the Local, Eruptions of the Feminine: Local Reportage and National Anxieties in Egypt’s 1890s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Booth
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Female Images ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Advocacy Role ◽  
Representations Of Women ◽  
Gendered Expectations

This chapter demonstrates that inscriptions of female images in Cairo’s late nineteenth-century nationalist press were part of a discursive economy shaping debates on how gender roles and gendered expectations should shift as Egyptians struggled for independence. The chapter investigates content and placement of ‘news from the street’ in al-Mu’ayyad in the 1890s, examining how these terse local reports – equivalent to faits divers in the French press – contributed to the construction of an ideal national political trajectory with representations of women serving as the primary example in shaping a politics of newspaper intervention on the national scene. In this, an emerging advocacy role of newspaper correspondents makes the newspaper a mediator in the construction of activist reader-citizens.

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