scholarly journals Long-term effects of single-tree selection cutting management on coarse woody debris in natural mixed beech stands in the Caspian forest (Iran)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Tavankar ◽  
M Nikooy ◽  
R Picchio ◽  
R Venanzi ◽  
A Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Caspian Forest

The relationship between forest management and amphibian ecology: a review of the North American literature

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 230-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip G. deMaynadier ◽  
Malcolm L. Hunter Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Logging Roads

Questions about the compatibility of forest harvesting practices and conservation of biological diversity are largely driven by concerns that habitat quality for many species may be degraded in intensively managed forest landscapes. We review the literature on relationships between common forest harvesting practices and the distribution and abundance of amphibians, a group that has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their potential ecological importance in forest ecosystems and because of reports of widespread population declines. Clear-cut harvesting generally has negative short-term impacts on local amphibian populations, especially salamanders. An analysis of the results of 18 studies that examined the effects of clear-cutting on amphibians yielded a 3.5-fold median difference in abundance of amphibians on controls over clear-cuts. However, research on the influence of forest age suggests that the long-term effects of forest harvesting on amphibians are variable, and for many species these effects can be mitigated if regeneration practices leave adequate microhabitat structure intact. In contrast, long-term effects can be significant in forest plantations, which are often associated with intensive site preparations and stand management practices that modify levels of coarse woody debris and other microhabitats. Other forest practices reviewed for their effect on amphibians include prescribed fire, logging roads, and streamside harvesting. We discuss problems commonly encountered in the experimental design and measurement of forest amphibian populations, including a notable lack of pretreatment data, and outline several aspects of amphibian–forestry relationships in need of further research. Management recommendations relevant to conserving upland and riparian zone amphibian habitat during forest harvesting are offered.Key words: amphibians, clear-cutting, coarse woody debris, forest management, logging roads, plantations, prescribed fire, riparian, succession.

Dynamics of the diameter distribution after selection cutting in uneven- and even-aged northern hardwood stands: a long-term evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1525-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Bassil ◽  
Ralph D. Nyland ◽  
Christel C. Kern ◽  
Laura S. Kenefic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Diameter Distributions

Selection cutting is defined as a tool for uneven-aged silviculture. Dependence on diameter distribution by forestry practitioners for identifying stand conditions has led to misuse of selection-like cuttings in even-aged northern hardwood stands. Our study used several long-term data sets to investigate the temporal stability in numbers of trees per diameter class in uneven-aged northern hardwood stands treated with single-tree selection and in 45-year-old second-growth stands treated with selection-like cuttings. We analyzed data from New York, Michigan, and Wisconsin to determine changes through time in number of trees across 2.5 cm diameter classes, shifts in the shape and scale of the three-parameter Weibull function used to describe the diameter distributions, and dynamics of associated stand attributes. Findings showed that single-tree selection cutting created and sustained stable diameter distributions and uniformity of conditions through consecutive entries in uneven-aged stands. By contrast, these characteristics varied through time in the second-growth stands that had been treated with selection-like cuttings. Analysis also showed that the Weibull shape and scale parameters for stands under selection system migrated towards those of the recommended target diameter distribution in the uneven-aged stands. These parameters diverged from the target with repeated use of selection-like cuttings in the second-growth even-aged stands.

scholarly journals Decomposition of coarse woody debris in a long‐term litter manipulation experiment: A focus on nutrient availability

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan M. Gora ◽  
Emma J. Sayer ◽  
Benjamin L. Turner ◽  
Edmund V. J. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Litter Manipulation ◽  
Manipulation Experiment

Long-Term Effects of Large Woody Debris Addition on Stream Habitat and Brook Trout Populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Sweka ◽  
Kyle J. Hartman ◽  
Jonathan M. Niles
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Habitat Manipulation ◽  
Central Appalachians

Abstract In this study, we resurveyed stream habitat and sampled brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations 6 y after large woody debris additions to determine long-term changes in habitat and brook trout populations. In a previous study, we added large woody debris to eight streams in the central Appalachians of West Virginia to determine whether stream habitat could be enhanced and brook trout populations increased following habitat manipulation. The large woody debris additions had no overall effect on stream habitat and brook trout populations by 6 y after the additions. The assumption that a lack of large woody debris is limiting stream habitat and brook trout populations was not supported by our results. In high-gradient streams, habitat complexity may be governed more by the abundance of boulders and large woody debris may have a lesser influence on trout populations.

Coarse woody debris in mid-aged stands: abandoned agricultural versus long-term forest land

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1502-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asko Lõhmus ◽  
Piret Lõhmus
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Successional Forests ◽  
Agricultural Areas

During the 20th century, large agricultural areas in Eastern Europe became forested after their abandonment. To explore the value of these new forests for biota, we assessed volumes of coarse woody debris (CWD) on random transects in mid-aged (40–75 years old) stands. In mixed and deciduous forests that were not forested in the 1930s, downed tree (log) volumes were about two times lower than in cutover sites. The effect on snag volume depended on site type and was generally nonsignificant. Large-diameter CWD showed similar proportions in the long-term and new forest areas, but large, well-decayed trunks tended to be less frequent in the latter. No reduction of dead wood volume was found in new pine stands, 98% of which had previously been classified as mires (bogs). Hence the origin of mid-aged successional forests had affected their CWD supply (particularly logs) to some extent, but the general scarcity of CWD all over the forest land indicated much larger (at least five-fold) losses due to timber harvesting. We conclude that naturally reforested areas should not be automatically excluded from reserve establishment or other CWD-related conservation programmes.

Growth following single-tree selection cutting in Québec northern hardwoods

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Bédard ◽  
Zoran Majcen
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Northern Hardwoods ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Single Tree Selection

Eight experimental blocks were established in the southern part of Québec to determine the growth response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) dominated stands after single tree selection cutting. Each block contained eight control plots (no cut) and eight cut plots. The intensity of removal varied between 21% and 32% and residual basal area was between 18.2 and 21 m2/ha. Ten year net annual basal area growth rates in cut plots (0.35 ± 0.04 m2/ha) were significantly higher (p = 0.0022) than in control plots (0.14 ± 0.06 m2/ha). The treatment particularly favoured diameter growth of stems between 10 and 30 cm in dbh, whose crowns were released by removing neighbouring trees. These results show that if the same net growth rate is maintained in the next decade most of the cut plots will reach their pre-cut basal area in about 20 years after cutting. Key words: northern hardwoods, selection cutting, uneven aged silviculture, basal area growth, diameter growth

Logging-residue extraction does not reduce the diversity of litter-layer saprotrophic fungi in three Swedish coniferous stands after 25 years

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1737-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Allmér ◽  
Jan Stenlid ◽  
Anders Dahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Logging Residue

Logging residues, consisting of branches and treetops, are increasingly being extracted for biofuel purposes in Fennoscandia, thereby decreasing the availability of fine woody debris (FWD). Little is known about the importance of FWD and litter to fungal diversity, although they constitute the major components of dead organic matter in both managed and natural forests. We investigated the long-term effects of removing logging residue on the saprotrophic fungi community in the litter layer by using an experiment established 25 years ago, comprising stands with and without removal of clear-cut slash. The fungal communities were identified using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism from standardized baits of wood and needles left in the litter layer for 30 months. A total of 74 fungal taxa were recorded. No differences in species richness or frequency of abundant species were detected between the stands with and without slash removal, suggesting that the extraction of logging residues has a negligible long-term impact on abundant saprotrophic fungi. Twenty-five of the 36 abundant species colonized wood and needles indiscriminately, while 10 species occurred exclusively on wood or needles and only one species mainly on wood. The importance of litter to certain wood-inhabiting fungi may therefore be underrated. The frequent records of Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks.) Ryvarden indicate that wood-inhabiting species may, surprisingly, be found in the litter layer.

The effects of variable retention forestry on coarse woody debris dynamics and concomitant impacts on American marten habitat after 27 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 925-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Farnell ◽  
Ché Elkin ◽  
Erica Lilles ◽  
Anne-Marie Roberts ◽  
Michelle Venter
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
American Marten ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Decay Class ◽  
Retention Forestry ◽  
The Impact

Coarse woody debris (CWD) in the form of logs, downed wood, stumps and large tree limbs is an important structural habitat feature for many small mammal species, including the American marten (Martes americana). At a long-term experimental trial in northern temperate hemlock-cedar forests of British Columbia, Canada, we analysed the impact of varying amounts of overstory basal area retention: 0% (clearcut), 40%, 70%, and 100% (unharvested) on CWD volume, decay class, and inputs from windthrow over 27 years. We used CWD attributes (diameter, length, decay class, and height above the ground) known to be favourable for martens to create an index for assessing the impact of harvesting intensity on CWD habitat features. Stands with 70% retention had CWD attributes that resulted in CWD habitat features similar to unharvested stands. Clearcuts contained pieces that were smaller, more decayed, and closer to the ground, which contributed to a habitat that was less valuable, compared with stands that had higher retention. Over the 27-year period, windthrown trees were the majority of CWD inputs, and volume change was positively related to percent retention. Our results highlight that forest management influences CWD size and input dynamics over multiple decades, and the need for consideration of these impacts when undertaking long-term multiple-use forestry planning.

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