PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BASED ON LOW-VALUE SOFT HARDWOOD WOOD FOR BRIDGES ON HARVESTING ROADS

Russia has significant reserves of low-value soft deciduous wood (birch, aspen, alder, poplar), which are practically not processed, the wood rots in the forest and in the lower warehouses. Wood is a good and widespread building material. Due to the significant strength, low volume weight, ease of processing, ease of manufacturing and assembly of structures, wood has long been used for the construction of bridges. At present, despite the widespread use of reinforced concrete bridges, in the forest-rich northern and eastern regions of Russia, wooden bridges can be very useful on logging roads. But wooden bridges have a number of significant drawbacks: they have a short service life, are subject to rot, are not fire-resistant, and do not meet the requirements for passing modern loads. In order to ensure the safe and uninterrupted transport of timber on logging roads, special attention should be paid to the construction material for the construction of bridges. The proposed construction material is based on low-value soft hardwood, has high performance characteristics. To improve the performance of the wood, it is necessary to impregnate it-giving it the desired properties and compress it-thereby increasing the density, hardness and strength. We have developed a technology that combines three main technological operations of wood modification: impregnation, pressing and drying, while allowing us to obtain a structural material with increased performance characteristics, suitable for the manufacture of load-bearing supports, as well as beams of wooden bridges on logging roads.

DESIGN OF LOGGING ROADS BY THE METHOD OF INFORMATION MODELING

The article describes a comparison of the standard method of designing logging roads and public roads using drawings and sheets on paper with the design of logging roads and public roads using information modeling technology. The results achieved (interaction structures, formation of information models, organization of collective work, etc.) in the development of the following “pilot” objects are also described: plans for the development of the section of the R-258 Baikal highway under the jurisdiction of the FKU Uprdor “Southern Baikal” in the central ecological zone of the Baikal Natural Territory; major repairs of protective road structures on the R- 258 “Baikal” highway Irkutsk-Ulan-Ude-Chita at km 157+500, Irkutsk region; major repairs of the M-5 Ural highway Moscow-Ryazan-Penza-Samara-Ufa-Chelyabinsk, access to Yekaterinburg on the section km 79+899-km 121+509.

Mathematical Modeling of the Route of Logging Roads

The implementation of tasks related to the development of the transportation network as a whole and logging roads as an integral part of it requires scientifically based theoretical studies of the patterns of formation of spatial curves when combining elements of the plan and the longitudinal profile, since the rational laying of the route for many years determines its most important transport and operational characteristics (speed, traffic safety, traffic capacity). Consideration of the visual perception of the road by the driver will improve the quality of design decisions, which will allow to avoid emergencies in the future after setting the route into service. On the other hand, a decrease in speed before seemingly sharp turns of the road affects the efficiency of logging road transport. Therefore, the view of the road ahead should strongly orient the driver, i.e. be visually clear and clearly changing, ensuring the constancy or smooth reduction of the traffic flow mode. At the same time, the need for a successful spatial solution of the road increases. In the designs of logging roads, straight lines, transition curves, described in recent years most often according to the clotoid, and circular curves are found as elements of the route plan. It is found that the road view in perspective correctly orients the driver of the car, i.e. it is visually clear, provided that the lines describing the edges of the roadway and the edges of the roadway in the perspective image are curved in the same direction as in the road plan. The purpose of the work is to determine a set of quantitative indicators (curvature, radius of the curve in the plan, maximum curvature, maximum rate of change of curvature) for optimization of the visual smoothness and clarity of the central projections of elementary spatial and plane curves. The performed studies allow us to fully characterize the visual smoothness and clarity of the central projections of elementary spatial and plane curves. The above algorithm makes it possible to compile a computer program to determine the mentioned indicators. The indicators determined by this algorithm allow us to evaluate both the visual smoothness and clarity of curves on logging roads.

POLYMER COMPOSITION FOR RUTTING COATS FOR CAR ROAD FOREST TRANSPORT

the network of modern temporary highways is operated only during logging, and at the end of the work and during the mud season are practically not used. Consequently, there is a need to create collapsible elements for temporary logging roads, which, if necessary, can be assembled in a fairly short time before starting work, is also easy to disassemble after the completion of logging operations and transported and laid in a new place. The coating is a slab containing a wooden multilayer frame made up of elements representing sawmill waste of low-value species, put on a rib or laid flat with gaps, providing a spillage of concrete or polymer mass based on furfural acetone monomer. Untreated wood provides oriented reinforcement along and across the building element, as a result of which its tensile, bending and chipping strength are increased, and bulk density is reduced. The article also considers the constrained swelling of wood filler when using it as a reinforcing element of concrete based on cement is more dangerous, since it is not possible to significantly increase its ultimate extensibility even when introducing latex into its composition. The use of reinforcing mesh is not possible, since the alkali contained in the wet environment of the cement stone destroys the fiberglass mesh.

NEURAL FUZZY NETWORK FOR ASSESSING TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR FOREST ROADS

The article is devoted to the problem of improving road construction technologies, in particular, technological solutions for logging roads. As you know, in road construction, the choice and justification of technological solutions for the road surface is one of the first stages of design, the efficiency of which affects further project as a whole, timing and costs of construction. The solution to such a problem is extremely difficult and, first of all, due to the many interrelated parameters, factors, as well as the uncertainties of data in the problem. The task becomes much more complicated when it is also necessary to take into account the economic indicators of road construction project. But it is in this form that it is of the greatest interest, since these characteristics are often the most important in practice. For these reasons, the problem remains completely unsolved. Therefore, requires further research, as noted, taking into account the uncertainties in the problem. Intelligent systems based on the theory of fuzzy sets, neural networks and their hybrid solutions are proposed for this class of problems, as a result of modern achievements in the field of mathematics and information technologies. Thus, the purpose of this research was to develop a neural network for evaluating technological solutions for logging roads. The result of the research was the development of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy network such as ANFIS, which allows calculating the cost of the road surface depending on the main technological and initial financial parameters. The neural network can be recommended for the design of forest roads, as well as for rapid assessment of the effectiveness of various technological solutions during competitive (tender) selection.

Methods for designing truck haulroads based on calculation of uniquely defined route

Currently, in Russia and abroad, many works are devoted to the study of design methods in the plan. Proposed several methods for alignment design of forest roads using information technologies, different objectives, ways of their solution, the nature of the geometric representation of the route and other features. The article discusses the main methods of designing logging roads based on the calculation of a uniquely defined route, which allows us to conclude that tracing is the most important stage of design and survey work, since it is the position of the route that determines the main technical and economic indicators of the projected road. This makes it necessary and expedient to conduct research and improve the technology and methods of computer-aided design of the route of logging roads using modern information technologies based on materials obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles or large-scale topographic plans in coordinates. Also, tracing methods should be linked to the accepted design technology. In turn, the choice of method and technology may depend on the specific features of the projected object: natural conditions, design stage, availability of topographic materials, etc.