Modeling of time consumption for selective and situational precommercial thinning in mountain beech forest stands

AbstractForests on steep slopes constitute a significant proportion of European mountain areas and are important as production and protection forests. This study describes the soil fungal community structure in a European beech-dominated mountain forest stands in the Northern Calcareous Alps and investigates how it is determined by season and soil properties. Samples were collected at high spatial resolution in an area of ca. 100 m × 700 m in May (spring) and August (summer). Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2-region revealed distinct patterns for the soil fungal communities. In contrast to other studies from temperate European beech forest stands, Ascomycota dominated the highly diverse fungal community, while ectomycorrhizal fungi were of lower abundance. Russulaceae, which are often among the dominant ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with European beech, were absent from all samples. Potentially plant pathogenic fungi were more prevalent than previously reported. Only subtle seasonal differences were found between fungal communities in spring and summer. Especially, dominant saprotrophic taxa were largely unaffected by season, while slightly stronger effects were observed for ectomycorrhizal fungi. Soil characteristics like pH and organic carbon content, on the other hand, strongly shaped abundant taxa among the saprotrophic fungal community.

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Fitting Tree Height Distributions in Natural Beech Forest Stands of Guilan (Case Study: Masal)

Ecology of Iranian Forests ◽

10.29252/ifej.7.14.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (14) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Iraj Hassanzad Navroodi ◽

◽

Ismaeil moradi ◽

Keyword(s):

Tree Height ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Forest Stands

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Spatial structure of forest stands Fageta paupera humilia in natural monument Máchova dolina

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201058010175 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 175-184

Author(s):

Jiří Schneider ◽

Kateřina Rebrošová

Keyword(s):

Dead Wood ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Average Height ◽

Site Conditions ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Vegetation Height ◽

Beech Stand ◽

Natural Monument

Natural Monument “Máchova dolina” represents a unique sample of dwarfed acidic beech forests in Chřiby hills (Buček, Lacina; 2002). It comprises more than 180 years old beech stand time, where according to certain characters (the basal part of deformation strain, frequent occurrence of damage) we can infer that, with the vegetation stool origin. As a result of adverse site conditions and the influence of origin to the emergence of the crop trees have a shape looks like an apple. Forest biocoenoses “Máchova dolina” is bounded to the board and limited site conditions ecosystem surface is less than 0.5 ha. As part of this unique site was established a permanent research area rectangle of dimensions 50 × 100 meters and by the Field-Map technology has been carried out measurements dendrometric variables (see below). The aim of the research was to compare different spatial structures (a total of 4 plots) in beech forest stands in Chřiby hills and knowledge of the functional effects of structurally variant types of forest.The measurement was based on „The methodology of research dynamics of natural forests left spontaneous development“ (Vrška et al., 2006). When measurements are distinguished tree concepts and strain. The tree indicates the individual, which consists of one or more strains. Focus and describe all strains with DBH of at least 10 cm with bark. For each strain is aimed its location, DBH, height, high-pitched crown, crown projection, set the species of trees and nature of health. In addition to living trees and stumps are aimed „dead wood“, stumping for distinguishing their origin, whether it arose naturally (break) or artificially (harvesting), all aimed „dead wood“ must originate in the area.The permanent research “Máchova dolina” area the size of 0.5 hectares has been targeted 146 trees. Diameter breast height (DBH) ranging from 10–72 cm; most tribes are represented with DBH between 30–39 cm. Most site conditions reflects vegetation height. Height of trees ranged from 2.5 m to 31.5 m, most often in the range of 15–20 m. For comparison, can be as old stands in a nature reserve on a set of “Holý kopec” forest types 3B, where the average height of vegetation around 38 m (max. 45 m). Surface projections are mostly CZK range of 30–50 m2. Although the vegetation time and even get involved exposure provides sufficient sunshine is no natural vegetation regeneration.The aim of this article is description of spatial stand structure in natural monument Máchova dolina in Chřiby hills.

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The soil conditions of the forests of Zala County and their impact on the growth of beech

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/0088.2019.00010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

András Bidló ◽

Adrienn Horváth ◽

Gábor Veperdi

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Parent Material ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

National Forest ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Medium Thickness

Summary During the research, we studied the soil conditions in Zala County's forests and examined the effect on the growth of beech forests on these conditions. Data of National Forest Data Base (NFDB) were analysed for investigation. Most of the forests in Zala County are situated less than 150 m above sea level, their location and topography is very diverse. In most of the forests the groundwater level is deeply beneath the surface so the forests can utilize only the amount of precipitation. In accordance with the geological and climatic conditions, Luvisols were formed predominantly, especially the clayic Luvisols and the gleyic Luvisols are the most typical. In addition, there are still Cambisols and stagnic Luvisols as well. In a small percentage, there are forest stands on rendzinic Leptosols, Vertisol, Regosol and Histosol. According to the favourable parent material, forests have got a deep or medium thickness of soil and the typical texture is loam. Based on the research, soil layer thickness and texture had significant impact on the growth of beech forest stands in terms of soil properties.

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The influence of stand density on the structure of harvestmen communities (Opiliones) in a submountain beech forest

Folia Oecologica ◽

10.2478/foecol-2019-0002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 10-15

Author(s):

Slavomír Stašiov ◽

Marek Svitok

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Stand Density ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Carabid Beetles ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Pitfall Trapping ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Forest Environment ◽

Silvicultural Practice ◽

Animal Communities

AbstractModification of forest stand density by thinning is a common silvicultural practice implemented in management of production forests. However, changes in the stand density can entail considerable changes to the present forest environment and communities. The current knowledge about the effect of stand density modification on the local animal communities is based mainly on the flagship groups such as carabid beetles or birds. We focused our study on harvestmen. We explored how the stand density influences species composition of this species communities in submountain beech forests. The study was conducted in the Kováčovská dolina valley (Kremnické vrchy Mts, Central Slovakia) in 1997 and 1998, the method used was pitfall trapping. In total, 9 harvestmen species from 5 families were recorded. Prior to our research, the forest stands at the study locality were subject to thinning interventions the intensity of which influenced the structure of the local harvestmen communities. The most pronounced was the effect of very intensive thinning with stand density reduced below 0.5. From the recorded species, four preferred forest stands with lower stand density (Lophopilio palpinalis, Oligolophus tridens, Nemastoma lugubre, Trogulus nepaeformis), two species (Platybunus bucephalus, Dicranolasma scabrum) preferred forest stands with higher stand density. Generalization of the observed pattern requires to explore a wider spectrum of beech forests.

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CHANGES IN THE CONTENT OF BIOAVAILABLE HEAVY METAL COMPOUNDS IN THE SOILS OF THE CRIMEAN MOUNTAIN PLATEAUS AFTER AFFORESTATION

Forest science issues ◽

10.31509/2658-607x-20214112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

I.V. Kostenko ◽

◽

A.R. Nikiforov

Keyword(s):

Humus Content ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Siberian Larch ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Mountain Meadow ◽

Cu Content ◽

Zn Content ◽

Mountain Meadows ◽

Crimean Mountain

About 3 thousand hectares of forest stands were created on the surface of the Crimean mountain plateaus in the middle of the 20th century as a result of afforestation. Studies on the influence of these stands on the properties of mountain meadow soils (Phaeozems) showed that under the forest vegetation, the consolidation of structural aggregates, a decrease in the humus content, and an increase in acidity compared to the soils under the meadow vegetation, which could also affect other soil properties, including the mobility of some metals, were observed. The work objective of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis of the content of Pb, Mn, Cu, and Zn compounds available for biota (1 M ammonium acetate) in the soil under mountain meadows, natural beech forest, and artificial forest stands. Following the obtained results, the available Pb, Mn, and Cu compounds accumulated in the afforested mountain meadow soils relative to the adjacent mountain meadows areas. Thus, the average Pb content in the soil layer of 0–10 cm under the mountain pine stands in comparison with the soil under meadow vegetation was 1.6 times higher, Mn – 1.2 times, Cu – 1.2 times. The Pb content was 2.5 times higher, Mn – 1.5 times higher, and Cu – 1.2 times higher under the silver birch stands. The Pb content was 2.2 times higher, Mn – 2.4 times higher, and Cu – 1.5 times higher under Siberian larch stands. The Pb content was 1.9 times higher, Mn – 1.1 times higher, Cu – 1.3 times higher under the sycamore maple stands, compared to the meadow. Differences between afforested and meadow soils in the content of these elements in most cases were significant, except for the Zn content, signs of accumulation of which under artificial stands were not revealed. The Pb, Mn, and Cu content in the brown forest lessive soil (Luvisols) under the oriental beech corresponded to their concentration under the larch, and the Zn content was significantly higher compared to the soil under all species. The main reason for the increase in the mobility of some elements under tree stands is their transition from immobile forms under the influence of increased acidity of afforested soils. Wood litter due to the low content of trace elements in its composition cannot be a source of their accumulation in the topsoil.

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