scholarly journals High Fungal Diversity but Low Seasonal Dynamics and Ectomycorrhizal Abundance in a Mountain Beech Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Gorfer ◽  
Mathias Mayer ◽  
Harald Berger ◽  
Boris Rewald ◽  
Claudia Tallian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Forest Stands

AbstractForests on steep slopes constitute a significant proportion of European mountain areas and are important as production and protection forests. This study describes the soil fungal community structure in a European beech-dominated mountain forest stands in the Northern Calcareous Alps and investigates how it is determined by season and soil properties. Samples were collected at high spatial resolution in an area of ca. 100 m × 700 m in May (spring) and August (summer). Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2-region revealed distinct patterns for the soil fungal communities. In contrast to other studies from temperate European beech forest stands, Ascomycota dominated the highly diverse fungal community, while ectomycorrhizal fungi were of lower abundance. Russulaceae, which are often among the dominant ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with European beech, were absent from all samples. Potentially plant pathogenic fungi were more prevalent than previously reported. Only subtle seasonal differences were found between fungal communities in spring and summer. Especially, dominant saprotrophic taxa were largely unaffected by season, while slightly stronger effects were observed for ectomycorrhizal fungi. Soil characteristics like pH and organic carbon content, on the other hand, strongly shaped abundant taxa among the saprotrophic fungal community.

Fungal community composition shifts along a leaf degradation gradient in a European beech forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 362 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Peršoh ◽  
Julia Segert ◽  
Anja Zigan ◽  
Gerhard Rambold
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Fungal Community Composition

scholarly journals Assembly processes lead to divergent soil fungal communities within and among twelve forest ecosystems along a latitudinal gradient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zheng ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Niu-Niu Ji ◽  
Yong-Long Wang ◽  
Cheng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Natural Forests

Latitudinal gradients provide opportunities to better understand soil fungal community assembly and its relationship with vegetation, climate, soil and ecosystem function. We quantified the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes in structuring soil fungal communities using patterns of community dissimilarity observed within and between twelve natural forests. The results revealed that whole fungal communities and communities of arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi consistently exhibited divergent patterns but with less divergence for ectomycorrhizal fungi at most sites. Within those forests, no clear relationships were observed between the degree of divergence within fungal and plant communities. When comparing communities at larger spatial scales, among the twelve forests, we observed distinct separation in all three fungal groups among tropical, subtropical and temperate biomes. Soil fungal β-diversity patterns between forests were greater when comparing forests exhibiting high habitat turnover, with these patterns being driven to a greater extent in each fungal group by temperature, soil pH, soil carbon and plant community composition than by geographic distance. Taken together, although large-scale community turnover could be attributed to specific environmental drivers, strong divergence during community assembly in forest soils at local scales limits the predictability of fungal community assembly outcomes.

Unperturbed root fungal communities in a temperate forest recovering from five years of reoccurring droughts 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Danzberger ◽  
Ramona Werner ◽  
Fabian Weikl ◽  
Karin Pritsch
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Roof Experiment ◽  
Middle Europe

<p>Since industrialization, the global average temperature increases with far reaching consequences for the world climate. One phenomenon is the current occurrence of more heavy and long droughts in Middle Europe, which lead to extensive tree die-off and shows that we need a better understanding of the forest-soil ecosystem in times of climate change.</p><p>Within the interdisciplinary Kranzberg Roof Experiment, we study the drought resistance and drought recovery of mature Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) and European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>). The trees experienced a rainfall exclusion for five years during the vegetation period and were rewetted by drip irrigation in summer 2019. Our interest focuses in the functional role of ectomycorrhizal and overall fungal communities on tree drought resistance and recovery. Particularly, we hypothesized the rewetting event will lead to a shift in community structure because of steeply rising water and nutrient availabilities.</p><p>To get insights to the development of the fungal communities right after the rewetting period, we sequenced the fungal ITS2 region of fine root DNA extracts. The roots were taken from soil cores before and at several time-points after irrigation.</p><p>We found that the fungal communities stayed quite similar to each other during the time-frame of recovery we investigated (84 days), while the amount of new root tips strongly increased directly after the rewetting. Surprisingly, the organic material which had accumulated as it was not degraded during the years of drought, did not lead to a shift in community composition. In particular, there were no changes in the relative amounts of saprotroph fungi in the phase after the rewetting.</p><p>Therefore, root fungal communities – the interface between trees and soil – seemingly did not experience a strong pressure to adapt their composition to the new condition, which matches their resistant behavior during the long drought phase before (cf. abstract 2937).</p>

scholarly journals Gap regeneration in near-natural European beech forest stands in Central Bohemia – the role of heterogeneity and micro-habitat factors

Dendrobiology ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukáš Bílek ◽  
Jiří Remeš ◽  
Vilém Podrázský ◽  
Dusan Rozenbergar ◽  
Jurij Diaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Gap Regeneration ◽  
Habitat Factors

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Larix gemelinii Rupr. in the Great Khingan Mountains, China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11230
Author(s):  
Yonglong Wang ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Jianjun Ma ◽  
Busayo Joshua Babalola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Abundant Otus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Great Khingan Mountains

Larix gemelinii is an important tree species in the Great Khingan Mountains in Northeast China with a high economic and ecological value for its role in carbon sequestration and as a source of lumber and nuts. However, the ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal diversity and community composition of this tree remain largely undefined. We examined EM fungal communities associated with L. gemelinii from three sites in the Great Khingan Mountains using Illumina Miseq to sequence the rDNA ITS2 region and evaluated the impact of spatial, soil, and climatic variables on the EM fungal community. A total of 122 EM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from 21 pooled-root samples, and the dominant EM fungal lineages were /tricholoma, /tomentella-thelephora, /suillus-rhizopogon, and /piloderma. A high proportion of unique EM fungal OTUs were present; some abundant OTUs largely restricted to specific sites. EM fungal richness and community assembly were significantly correlated with spatial distance and climatic and soil variables, with mean annual temperature being the most important predictor for fungal richness and geographic distance as the largest determinant for community turnover. Our findings indicate that L. gemelinii has a rich and distinctive EM fungal community contributing to our understanding of the montane EM fungal community structure from the perspective of a single host plant that has not been previously reported.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Fungal Diversity in Rhizospheric Soil from Wild and Reintroduced Magnolia sinica Estimated via High-Throughput Sequencing

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Qingqing Shen ◽  
Junyu Yang ◽  
Daifa Su ◽  
Zhiying Li ◽  
Wei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Opposite Pattern

Magnolia sinica is a critically endangered species and considered a “plant species with extremely small populations” (PSESP). It is an endemic species in southeastern Yunnan Province, China, with reproductive barriers. Rhizosphere fungi play a crucial role in plant growth and health. However, the composition, diversity, and function of fungal communities in wild and reintroduced M. sinica rhizospheres remain unknown. In this study, Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region was used to analyze rhizospheric soil samples from wild and reintroduced M. sinica. Thirteen phyla, 45 classes, 105 orders, 232 families, and 433 genera of fungi were detected. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were dominant across all samples. The fungal community composition was similar between the wild and reintroduced rhizospheres, but the fungal taxa relative abundances differed. The fungal community richness was higher in the reintroduced rhizosphere than in the wild rhizosphere, but the diversity showed the opposite pattern. Soil nutrients and leaf litter significantly affected the fungal community composition and functional diversity. Here, the composition, structure, diversity, and ecological functions of the fungal communities in the rhizospheres of wild and reintroduced M. sinica were elucidated for the first time, laying a foundation for future research and endangered species protection.

scholarly journals Variation in Fungal Community in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Nursery Stock Depends on Nursery, Variety and Rootstock

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sarah B. Lade ◽  
Dora Štraus ◽  
Jonàs Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Root Tissues

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are caused by cryptic complexes of fungal pathogens and have become a growing problem for new grapevine (Vitis vinifera) plantations. We studied the role of the nursery, variety, and rootstock in the composition of the fungal communities in root collars and graft unions of planting material in Catalonia (NE Spain). We compared necrosis and fungal communities in graft unions and root collars at harvest, and then after three months of cold storage. We evaluated combinations of eleven red and five white varieties with four common rootstocks coming from six nurseries. Fungal communities were characterized by isolation and metabarcoding of the ITS2 region. Our data suggests that nursery followed by rootstock and variety had significant effects on necrosis and fungal community structure in graft and root tissues. Within the plant, we found large differences in terms fungal community distribution between graft and root tissues. Graft unions housed a significantly higher relative abundance of GTD-related Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) than root collars. More severe necrosis was correlated with a lower relative abundance of GTD-related OTUs based on isolation and metabarcoding analyses. Our results suggest that nurseries and therefore their plant production practices play a major role in determining the fungal and GTD-related fungal community in grapevine plants sold for planting. GTD variation across rootstocks and varieties could be explored as a venue for minimizing pathogen load in young plantations.

scholarly journals Metabarcoding of Soil Fungal Communities from Perturbed Areas Reveal Drive Role of Environmental Factors in Microbial Diversity of Colombian Andosols

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAUL ALEXANDER ARANGUREN AROCA ◽  
Samuele Voyron ◽  
Fabrizio Ungaro ◽  
Julio Cañón ◽  
Erica Lumini
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Fungal Community Composition

Abstract Changes in soil fungal community caused by land use have not been sufficiently studied in South-American Andosols, considered globally as important food production areas. This study analyzed 26 soil samples of Andosols collected from locations devoted to conservation, agriculture and mining activities in the southeastern region of Antioquia, Colombia, to establish differences between fungal communities as indicators of the degree of soil perturbation. The study developed a novel heminested PCR with primers SSUmCf Mix, ITS4 and fITS7 to assess Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi detection in a Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 region. A non-metric multidimensional scaling allowed exploring driver factors of fungal community changes, while fitted Dirichlet-multinomial models and PERMANOVA tests allowed identifying the correlations between alpha diversity indexes and community dissimilarities, as well as the significance of land use effects on fungal community composition. Furthermore, response ratios were determined to assess effect size by land use over relevant taxa. Results suggest a good coverage of fungal diversity with a detection of 10,529 high-quality ITS2 sequences belonged to phylum Glomeromycota. The analysis shows strong correlations of Shannon and Fisher indexes with dissimilarities on fungal communities among land uses (r=0.94), related to variations in temperature, air humidity and organic matter contents that lead to significant responses in abundances of relevant orders (such as Wallemiales and Trichosporonales). The study highlights the rich fungal biodiversity of the tropical Andosols, their specific sensitivities to environmental perturbation factors, and the useful range of a metabarcoding approach to characterize soil fungal communities.

Experimentally altered rainfall regimes and host root traits affect grassland arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Jeff Powell
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Future climate scenarios predict changes in rainfall regimes. These changes are expected to affect plants via effects on the expression of root traits associated with water and nutrient uptake. Associated microorganisms may also respond to these new precipitation regimes, either directly in response to changes in the soil environment or indirectly in response to altered root trait expression. We characterised arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in an Australian grassland exposed to experimentally altered rainfall regimes. We used Illumina sequencing to assess the responses of AM fungal communities associated with four plant species sampled in different watering treatments and evaluated the extent to which shifts were associated with changes in root traits. We observed that altered rainfall regimes affected the composition but not the richness of the AM fungal communities, and we found distinctive communities in the increased rainfall treatment. We found no evidence of altered rainfall regime effects via changes in host physiology because none of the studied traits were affected by changes in rainfall. However, specific root length was observed to correlate with AM fungal richness, while concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in root tissue and the proportion of root length allocated to fine roots were correlated to community composition. Our study provides evidence that climate change and its effects on rainfall may influence AM fungal community assembly, as do plant traits related to plant nutrition and water uptake. We did not find evidence that host responses to altered rainfall drive AM fungal community assembly in this grassland ecosystem.

Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

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