scholarly journals Assessing the Present-Day Impact Flux to the Lunar Surface Via Impact Flash Monitoring and Its Implications for Sustained Lunar Exploration

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Cahill ◽  
Emerson J. Speyerer ◽  
Debra Hurwitz Needham ◽  
Renee Weber ◽  
Ingrid Daubar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Impact Flux ◽  
Impact Flash

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Lunar Surface Change Detection with PyNAPLE: The 2017-09-27 Lunar Impact Flash and Impact Crater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sheward ◽  
Anthony Cook ◽  
Chrysa Avdellidou ◽  
Marco Delbo ◽  
Bruno Cantarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Impact Crater ◽  
Surface Change ◽  
Lunar Impact ◽  
Impact Flash

Crew Exploration Vehicle Destination for Human Lunar Exploration: The Lunar Surface

Space 2005 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wooster ◽  
Wilfried Hofstetter ◽  
Edward Crawley
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Lunar Exploration

Preliminary Results from Lunar Surface Change Detection with PyNAPLE: The 2019-01-21 Lunar Impact Flash

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sheward ◽  
Anthony Cook ◽  
Chrysa Avdellidou
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Surface Change ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Lunar Impact ◽  
Impact Flash

Automatic Analysis of Mineral’s Abundance

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 2369-2373
Author(s):  
Qing Hua Su ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Kui Yang ◽  
Shao Chen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Automatic Analysis ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
Method Analysis

The mineral is the important data in the Lunar Exploration. The main objective of this work is to segmentation lunar craters with the C-V Model, and to quantify the images terrain and the abundance of lunar surface minerals based on Crater distribution law and Soil Characterization Consortium data set with Hapke model and lunar surface reflectance. Actual lunar images of mare region as an example, this method analysis result of the minerals abundance are basically same with published literature. This method can be simple rapid in-time implemented in real-time lunar exploration.

Development of a Small, Lightweight Rover with Elastic Wheels for Lunar Exploration

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kojiro Iizuka ◽  
◽  
Tatsuya Sasaki ◽  
Hidenori Hama ◽  
Atsuro Nishitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Passive Suspension ◽  
Loose Soil

Rovers are one of the most important vehicles used for conducting planetary exploration missions. This paper focuses on a small, lightweight rover that can be used for lunar exploration. It should be noted that, with a small rover, it is difficult to traverse loose soil such as that on the lunar surface. The rocks that cover the lunar surface, moreover, hinder the traversal of a small, lightweight rover. We develop a small, lightweight rover having 2 configurations to solve these tasks. One configuration involves the installation of elastic wheels whose 2 form changes depending on the surface that the rover traverses. The other configuration involves passive suspension using differential gears. We perform running experiments on rovers with these configurations. Experimental results prove that elastic wheels are more efficient than rigid wheels for traversing loose soil. We also found, moreover, that the proposed rover shows good climbing performance. We thus have shown the efficiency of the proposed small, lightweight rover in this study.

New Economy in space: Cis-lunar economic circle and analogue simulations in China to the 2061 Horizon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
guo linli ◽  
blanc michel ◽  
huang tieqiu ◽  
huang jiangze ◽  
yuan jianping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Test Field ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Liquid Propellant ◽  
The Earth

<p>    The Moon is sometimes also called the "eighth continent" of the Earth. Determining how to utilize cis-lunar orbital infrastructures and lunar resources to carry out new economic activities extended to the space of the Earth-Moon system is one of the long-term goals of lunar exploration activities around the world. Future long-term human deep-space exploration missions to the Moon, on the Moon surface or using the Moon to serve farther destinations will require the utilization of lunar surface or asteroid resources to produce water, oxygen and other consumables needed to maintain human survival and to produce liquid propellant for the supply of spacecraft on the lunar surface. In complement to exploration activities, Moon tourism in cis-lunar orbit and on the lunar surface will become more and more attractive with the increase of  human spaceflight capacity and the development of commercial space activities. However, the development of a sustainable Earth-Moon ecosystem requires that we solve the following five problems:</p><p>(1)How to design alow-cost cis-lunar space transportation capacity? To find an optimal solution, one must compare direct Earth-Moon flight modes with flights based on the utilization of space stations, and identify the most economical spacecraft architectures.</p><p>(2)How to design an efficient set ofcis-lunar orbital infrastructures combining LEO space stations, Earth-Moon L1/L2 point space stations and Moon bases for commercial tourism, taking into account key issues such as energy, communications and others?</p><p>(3)Significant amounts ofliquid oxygen, water, liquid propellant and structural material will be needed for human bases, crew environmental control and life support systems, spacecraft propulsion systems, Moon surface storage and transportation systems. How to  design in-situ resources utilization (ISRU) of the Moon, including its soil, rocks and polar water ice reservoirs, to produce the needed amounts?</p><p>(4) How to simulate on the Earth surface the different components and key technologies that will enable a future long-term human residence on the Moon surface?</p><p>(5). How to accommodate the co-development of public and commercial space and foster international cooperation? How can space policies and international space law help this co-development?</p><p>    China has made rapid progress in robotic lunar exploration activities in the last 20 years, as illustrated by the recent discoveries provided by the Chang'e-4 lander on the far side of the Moon. By 2061, China will have gone into manned lunar exploration and built Moon bases. In preparation for this new phase of its contribution to space exploration, lunar surface simulation instruments have been built in Beijing, Shenzhen and other places in China. A series of achievements have been made in the field of space life sciences . An ambitious project to establish a large Moon base simulation test field, the Lunar Base Yulin (LBY) project, currently in its design phase in Yulin, Shaanxi Province in China, will allow the verification of key relevant technologies.</p><p>    By the 2061 Horizon, we believe that international cooperation and public-private partnership will be key elements to enable this vision of a new, sustainable cis-lunar space economy.</p>

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of the Independent Communication Module for LESPA- Lunar Electric Surface Potential Analyzer

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.24) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Arunima Prakash ◽  
Diwakar R. Marur ◽  
Sakshi Namdeo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Surface Potential ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Lunar Dust ◽  
Communication Module ◽  
Lunar Satellite ◽  
Link Budget ◽  
Two Sides

Moon, our closest celestial neighbor and Earth’s only natural satellite is of utmost scientific importance. So far there have been 67 missions to the Moon, thus to enhance and aid further research understanding of lunar surface is vital. The Moon meets the Earth’s magnetotail (an extension of Earth’s magnetosphere) twice in a month encountering a gigantic sheet of ionized particles or plasma. These charged particles intersperse on the lunar dust and give it a negative charge. The electric field created by this phenomenon creates a substantial potential difference across the two sides of the lunar surface. Electrified dust grains can adhere to machinery and the large electric fields can affect electronics of landers or payload machinery. A payload is proposed Lunar Electric Surface Potential Analyzer (LESPA) to measure the effects of these magnetotail crossings. LESPA will need to establish a low BER link with the in-orbit lunar satellite at optimum frequencies to relay the raw data. This paper aims to analyze and study the link budget requirements for designing an Independent Communication Module (ICM) for LESPA as well as antenna models for the transmitter. The scope of the designed ICM is to ultimately assist in designing lander missions for future lunar exploration and aid in future lunar exploration missions and colonization activities. 

scholarly journals Human habitats: prospects for infrastructure supporting astronomy from the Moon

2020 ◽  
Vol 379 (2188) ◽  
pp. 20190568 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Heinicke ◽  
B. Foing
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Mission Planning ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Strong Interest

There is strong interest in lunar exploration from governmental space agencies, private companies and the public. NASA is about to send humans to the lunar surface again within the next few years, and ESA has proposed the concept of the Moon Village, with the goal of a sustainable human presence and activity on the lunar surface. Although construction of the infrastructure for this permanent human settlement is envisaged for the end of this decade by many, there is no definite mission plan yet. While this may be unsatisfactory for the impatient, this fact actually carries great potential: this is the optimal time to develop a forward-looking science input and influence mission planning. Based on data from recent missions (SMART-1, Kaguya, Chang’E, Chandrayaan-1 and LRO) as well as simulation campaigns (e.g. ILEWG EuroMoonMars), we provide initial input on how astronomy could be incorporated into a future Moon Village, and how the presence of humans (and robots) on the Moon could help deploy and maintain astronomical hardware. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades’.

scholarly journals Steps Toward the Moon-Based Astronomy Planning in Japan

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 980-983
Author(s):  
N. Kaifu
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Stable Temperature ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
The Future ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Space Activities

AbstractLunar surface is, in spite of disadvantages on payload compared with those in the distant orbits, extremely attractive for future astronomical observations with large and complicated observing instruments. The Moon will provide firm and large base, very stable temperature and low background in some selected sites. In addition, the aids of human activities on the Moon can be expected in the near future. We have been discussing the small but realistic steps toward the future Moon-based astronomy, as part of Japanese lunar exploration plans with HI rockets. The fundamental Policy of Japan’s Space Development which was approved by Space Activities Commission in 1996 described that Japan will continuously promote unmanned lunar exploration and study the feasibility of a systematic exploration program for science and possible activities on the Moon, under a phase-by-phase approach. The plan includes a possibility of astronomical observations on the lunar surface.Some pilot-type astronomical plans, starting from very small-size telescopes in optical/IR and mm-wave etc. are under discussion. We report here on the general background, discussion including proposed plans, and steps toward the future moon-based observatories.

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