SUBSTRATE PREFERENCE OF PARAZACCO SPILURUS AND CIRRHINUS MOLITORELLA: ROLE OF SEDIMENTS IN RIVER ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAO WANG ◽  
ONYX W. H WA
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Substrate Preference ◽  
Cirrhinus Molitorella

Endangered Butterflies and their Non-Native Host Plants: Examining Shifting Values of Belonging in Restoration

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Robert M. Anderson ◽  
Amy M. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
Native Host

The island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus), thought to be extinct throughout the 20th century until re-discovered on a single remote island in Puget Sound in 1998, has become the focus of a concerted protection effort to prevent its extinction. However, efforts to “restore” island marble habitat conflict with efforts to “restore” the prairie ecosystem where it lives, because of the butterfly’s use of a non-native “weedy” host plant. Through a case study of the island marble project, we examine the practice of ecological restoration as the enactment of particular norms that define which species are understood to belong in the place being restored. We contextualize this case study within ongoing debates over the value of “native” species, indicative of deep-seated uncertainties and anxieties about the role of human intervention to alter or manage landscapes and ecosystems, in the time commonly described as the “Anthropocene.” We interpret the question of “what plants and animals belong in a particular place?” as not a question of scientific truth, but a value-laden construct of environmental management in practice, and we argue for deeper reflexivity on the part of environmental scientists and managers about the social values that inform ecological restoration.

The Role of Naturalness in Ecological Restoration

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Evans ◽  
William P. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Cook County ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Culture Gap ◽  
Ecological Science ◽  
Forest Preserves

While ecological restoration may help bridge the nature-culture gap, restoration still holds relevant meanings for naturalness, as demonstrated in this case study of staff and volunteers in the Cook County Forest Preserves (CCFP) in Illinois, United States. Translating naturalness as an agency policy into restoration goals for sites, CCFP integrated historical evidence, ecological science, and human values. Naturalness was constructed as historical fidelity, a scientific designation to be objectively discovered, while the scales at which people interpreted historical fidelity, namely, species, communities, processes, and practices, were sites of value deliberation. The multiple renderings of naturalness can be a strength that provides flexibility to restore what is locally valued, constructing restoration projects that acknowledge, rather than attempt to overcome, the constructed nature of naturalness.

Role of developmental factors in the switch from pyruvate to glucose as the major exogenous energy substrate in the preimplantation mouse embryo

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Martin ◽  
Henry J. Leese
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Substrate Preference ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Embryonic Genome ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse

Preimplantation mouse embryos, cultured in vitro and those freshly flushed from the reproductive tract, exhibit a switch in energy substrate preference, from pyruvate during the early preimplantation stages, to glucose at the blastocyst stage. Although the biochemical basis of this phenomenon is quite well characterized, its timing and possible association with developmental factors have not been considered. We have therefore examined the role of five developmental factors in determining the timing of the switch, namely: (1) embryo age (in hours post hCG); (2) developmental stage; (3) cytokinesis; (4) cell number; and (5) activation of the embryonic genome. One-cell embryos, which develop more slowly than 2-cell embryos in vitro, were used to investigate the role of embryo age and developmental stage. Cytochalasin D, which inhibits cytokinesis and delays the timing of compaction and cavitation, was used to investigate the role of cell division and developmental stage. Finally, transcription of the embryonic genome was examined with the inhibitor, α-amanitin. Pyruvate and glucose consumption by single embryos were measured using a non-invasive ultramicrofluorometric technique. The results showed that the timing of the switch in energy substrate preference is precisely regulated in the mouse preimplantation embryo. Activation of the embryonic genome is a prerequisite for the switch and its timing is closely associated with developmental stage, specifically compaction and/or cavitation. Cell number, cytokinesis and embryo age appeared to be unrelated to the timing of the switch. These conclusions may well be extrapolated to other species, since an increase in net glucose uptake, if not always at the expense of pyruvate, is a feature of preimplantation embryo metabolism in all mammals studied.

Indigenous Ecological Reconstruction After Industrial Ruin in Two Iconic Sámi Catchments: Ethics of Comanagement?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-275
Author(s):  
Tero Mustonen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Algae Blooms ◽  
European North ◽  
Ecological Reconstruction

The applicability of Indigenous ethics to the evaluation of ecological restoration is explored through two case examples involving the Indigenous Sámi rivers of Näätämö and Ponoi in the European North. Six key restoration approaches are described that would have been overlooked had it not been for the use of Indigenous ethics from the start of the work. The detection of rapidly proceeding climate change impacts and species range shifts, algae blooms, documentation of gendered coastal lifestyles, and ultimately the ecological restoration of salmonid habitats were recognized as critical markers of success when these approaches were practiced, lived and cherished by all members of the cogovernance community. This article asks critical questions about the role of Indigenous knowledge and rights within comanagement and environmental evaluations and makes the case for land-based lifestyles as vehicles for maintaining distinct, culturally relevant ethics processes.

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