scholarly journals Immune responses during gestational malaria: a review of the current knowledge and future trend of research

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Maestre ◽  
Jaime Carmona-Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Variant Surface Antigens ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
First Child ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Women pregnant with their first child are susceptible to severe P. falciparum disease from placental malaria because they lack immunity to placenta-specific cytoadherence proteins. In subsequent pregnancies, as immunity against placental parasites is acquired, there is a reduced risk of adverse effects of malaria on the mother and fetus and asymptomatic parasitaemia is common. In the case of vivax malaria, with increasing reports of severe cases in Asia and South America, the effects of infection by this species during pregnancy remain to be elucidated. This review summarized the main aspects involved in the acquisition of specific antimalarial immune responses during pregnancy with emphasis in research carried out in America and Asia, in order to offer a framework of interpretation for studies on pregnant women with malaria which are recently being produced in these regions. The authors conclude that (1) Effective humoral responses during gestational malaria are mainly directed against variant surface antigens codified by genes of the var2Csa family of P. falciparum; (2) Acquisition of immunity against these variant antigens depends on the degree and intensity of transmission, and the chance increases with age and successive pregnancies; (3) Antibody development is guided by specific cellular immune responses in cases of placental and maternal infection, and (4) The study of the significance of acquisition of specific immunity against both P. falciparum and P. vivax in America, should be performed.

scholarly journals Human T-Cell Responses to the Glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-San Chia ◽  
Chiou-Mien You ◽  
Chung-Yi Hu ◽  
Bor-Luen Chiang ◽  
Jen-Yang Chen
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT We previously reported differential humoral responses to glucosyltransferases (GTFs), with significantly higher saliva and serum antibody levels to GtfD than to GtfB or GtfC. To test the hypothesis that cellular immune responses to these molecules also may differ, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and T-cell proliferative responses in young adults and children with distinct genetic backgrounds were determined using purified recombinant GtfC and GtfD. PBMCs from all of the volunteers responded to GtfC and -D, but responses were directed predominantly towards GtfD and were major histocompatibility class II antigen dependent. A predominant T-cell response to GtfD, over GtfC, was detectable at various antigen concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 μg/ml and correlated with the differential serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and salivary IgA antibody responses to the GTFs. Therefore, in naturally sensitized humans,Streptococcus mutans GTFs stimulate differential humoral and cellular immune responses, with the secreted form of GtfD eliciting a stronger response than the cell wall-associated form of GtfC.

Cellular immune responses persist and humoral responses decrease two decades after recovery from a single-source outbreak of hepatitis C

10.1038/75063 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinobu Takaki ◽  
Manfred Wiese ◽  
Geert Maertens ◽  
Erik Depla ◽  
Ulrike Seifert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Modification to the Capsid of the Adenovirus Vector That Enhances Dendritic Cell Infection and Transgene-Specific Cellular Immune Responses

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 2572-2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Worgall ◽  
Annette Busch ◽  
Michael Rivara ◽  
David Bonnyay ◽  
Philip L. Leopold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Cell Infection ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Adenovirus (Ad) gene transfer vectors can be used to transfer and express antigens and function as strong adjuvants and thus are useful platforms for the development of genetic vaccines. Based on the hypothesis that Ad vectors with enhanced infectibility of dendritic cells (DC) may be able to evoke enhanced immune responses against antigens encoded by the vector in vivo, the present study analyzes the vaccine potential of an Ad vector expressing β-galactosidase as a model antigen and genetically modified with RGD on the fiber knob [AdZ.F(RGD)] to more selectively infect DC and consequently enhance immunity against the β-galactosidase antigen. Infection of murine DC in vitro with AdZ.F(RGD) showed an eightfold-increased transgene expression following infection compared to AdZ (also expressing β-galactosidase, but with a wild-type capsid). Binding, cellular uptake, and trafficking in DC were also increased with AdZ.F(RGD) compared to AdZ. To determine whether AdZ.F(RGD) could evoke enhanced immune responses to β-galactosidase in vivo, C57BL/6 mice were immunized with AdZ.F(RGD) or AdZ subcutaneously via the footpad. Humoral responses with both vectors were comparable, with similar anti-β-galactosidase antibody levels following vector administration. However, cellular responses to β-galactosidase were significantly enhanced, with the frequency of CD4+ as well as the CD8+ β-galactosidase-specific gamma interferon response in cells isolated from the draining lymph nodes increased following immunization with AdZ.F(RGD) compared to Ad.Z (P < 0.01). Importantly, this enhanced cellular immune response of the AdZ.F(RGD) vector was sufficient to evoke enhanced inhibition of the growth of preexisting tumors expressing β-galactosidase: BALB/c mice implanted with the CT26 syngeneic β-galactosidase-expressing colon carcinoma cell line and subsequently immunized with AdZ.F(RGD) showed decreased tumor growth and improved survival compared to mice immunized with AdZ. These data demonstrate that addition of an RGD motif to the Ad fiber knob increases the infectibility of DC and leads to enhanced cellular immune responses to the Ad-transferred transgene, suggesting that the RGD capsid modification may be useful in developing Ad-based vaccines.

scholarly journals Induction of Robust and Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Virus-Like Particles (BVDV-VLPs) Engineered with Baculovirus Expression Vector System

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Zhanhui Wang ◽  
Mengyao Liu ◽  
Haoran Zhao ◽  
Pengpeng Wang ◽  
Wenge Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Baculovirus Expression Vector System ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Baculovirus Expression ◽  
Baculovirus Expression Vector ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important animal pathogen that affects cattle. Infections caused by the virus have resulted in substantial economic losses and outbreaks of BVDV are reported globally. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine technology largely due to their safety and strong ability to elicit robust immune responses. In this study, we developed a strategy to generate BVDV-VLPs using a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). We were able to assemble BVDV-VLPs composed of dimerized viral proteins E2 and Erns, and the VLPs were spherical particles with the diameters of about 50 nm. Mice immunized with 15 μg of VLPs adjuvanted with ISA201 elicited higher levels of E2-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies as well as higher BVDV-neutralizing activity in comparison with controls. Re-stimulation of the splenocytes collected from mice immunized with VLPs led to significantly increased levels of CD3+CD4+T cells and CD3+CD8+T cells. In addition, the splenocytes showed dramatically enhanced proliferation and the secretion of Th1-associated IFN-γ and Th2-associated IL-4 compared to that of the unstimulated control group. Taken together, our data indicate that BVDV-VLPs efficiently induced BVDV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, showing a promising potential of developing BVDV-VLP-based vaccines for the prevention of BVDV infections.

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