scholarly journals Comparison of Fixation Methods for Preservation Cytology Specimens of Cell Block Preparation Using 10% Neutral Buffer Formalin and 96% Alcohol Fixation in E-cadherin and Ki-67 Immunohistochemical Examination

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 3139-3144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuke Ireka ◽  
Hasrayati Agustina ◽  
Afiati Aziz ◽  
Bethy S. Hernowo ◽  
Sri Suryanti
Keyword(s):  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Ki67 Expression ◽  
Adhesion Protein ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
Cytology Specimen ◽  
Protein Preservation ◽  
E Cadherin

BACKGROUND: Cytological and molecular examinations are among the most important examinations in cancer diagnosis. 96% alcohol is a fixative solution commonly used by clinicians for cytological samples because of its accessibility and affordability. Cellblock preparation from cytology specimen may increase morphology detail and may be used for further biomarker analysis. E-cadherin is an adhesion protein expressed in the cell membrane of most carcinoma. Ki67 is a protein expressed in nuclei of malignant cells that used as a proliferation marker. AIM: This study was designed to investigate the effect of fixation duration in 96% alcohol on protein preservation for immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation compared to 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) as the gold standard. METHODS: Twenty-five fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimen diagnosed as carcinoma were fixed in 10% NBF and 96% alcohol for 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Cell blocks preparation were made from those 6 groups of specimens. E-cadherin and Ki67 IHC were done to cell blocks section and evaluated. The data were statistically analysed using the Friedman test with p-value < 0.05 of a significant level. RESULTS: There were significant differences between E-cadherin and Ki67 expression in cell block preparation from 96% alcohol-fixed cytology specimen for 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours to 10% NBF (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The result indicated that 96% alcohol is not suitable as a fixative solution for cell block preparation in E-cadherin and Ki-67 IHC examination.

Grading Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors by Ki-67 Index Evaluated on Fine-Needle Aspiration Cell Block Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Abi-Raad ◽  
John-Paul Lavik ◽  
Andrea L Barbieri ◽  
Xuchen Zhang ◽  
Adebowale J Adeniran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Counting Methods

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to determine whether Ki-67 index evaluated on cytologic material could reliably grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). Methods Cases with adequate cell block and available surgical specimens were included. Ki-67 index was calculated using “eyeballing,” “hot spot,” and “complete” counting methods. Results The overall concordance rates between cytology and surgical specimens were 71%, 73%, and 59%, respectively, by using eyeballing, hot spot, and complete counting approaches. All grade 1 tumors were correctly graded on cytology, but in grade 2 tumors concordance rates were only 36%, 41%, and 9%, respectively. All grade 2 tumors were undergraded when cell blocks contained fewer than 1,000 cells, while concordance rate increased to 57%, 64%, and 14%, respectively, in cases with 1,000 cells or more. Conclusions Grade 2 PanNETs can be significantly undergraded when Ki-67 index is evaluated on cell block material. In cases with 1,000 or more cells, the hot spot counting method has better correlation with surgical specimens.

scholarly journals A Study to Assess the Utility of Cell Block Morphology and Immuno-Cytochemistry For Improving the Pre-Operative Diagnosis of Nodular Thyroid Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. A375-384
Author(s):  
Shruti Mishra ◽  
Kishore Kumar S ◽  
Saumik Das ◽  
Aparajita Samaddar ◽  
Nandini Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Follicular Neoplasm ◽  
Cystic Degeneration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Cell Block

Background: Thyroid nodules are quite common in the general population of India with increasing incidence of malignancy worldwide.  Fine Needle Aspiration [FNA] has been the primary modality of pre-operative diagnosis of such lesions till date. But it has got its own share of fallacies and pit-falls. Cell-block [CB] can be done in the same sitting and it gives the advantage of architectural assessment with easy subjectivity to immuno-cytochemical [ICC] staining. Material and methods: FNA was done in all patients and CB was prepared by formalin method. ICC stains were used in cases with provisional diagnosis of malignancy and in all follicular neoplasm cases. SPSS v.20 was used for analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of cell block was calculated. Diagnostic correlation of both FNA and CB with respect to histopathological examination was done by using student t-test with confidence interval of 95%. Results: CB showed a correlation coefficient of 0.704 and a p value of 0.0001while FNA showed a correlation coefficient of .464 and a p-value of .001. So, CB showed a strong positive correlation and a high statistical significance. Cell block helped in diagnosing almost all the cases showing discordance in FNA except that of papillary carcinoma where the cellular yield was poor due to   cystic degeneration. Sensitivity of cell block was 89.5% and Specificity was 96.9%. Conclusions: Cell block is definitely a good ancillary examination for thyroid nodular lesions in addition to FNA. It should be routinely performed in all thyroid cases as it improves the diagnostic yield and accuracy of cytological diagnosis.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cell Block and Cytology Specimen Preservation from Lung Aspiration Biopsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Adinda Sandya Poernomo ◽  
Willy Sandhika ◽  
Vicky Sumarki Budipramana
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cytology Specimen ◽  
Test Result

<p>Cytology smear technique is often used in Indonesia because the process is safe, simple, easy, fast, and cost effective. At present, several studies have found that smears with cell block techniques are of better quality than smears with cytology smear techniques. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the cytology smear technique can produce adequate specimens compared to cell block towards results of lung Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB). Lung FNAB specimens were divided into two parts: one part was processed with cytology and the other part with cell block technique. The specimens were observed under a microscope to count the number of inflammatory cells and the number of artifacts. The numbers of inflammatory cells and artifacts were scored 0-3. The inflammatory cells consisted of neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells, also macrophages. The result showed no significant difference between the number of inflammatory cells in cytology and cell block (p neutrophils=0.543; p lymphocytes and plasma cells=0.192; p macrophages=0.487) in 38 samples. The artifact score comparison test result showed a significant difference between the number of artifacts in cytology and cell block (p=0.027) with more artifacts in cytology. The most common artifact in cytology was air bubble artifacts, while cell block was dominated by torn pieces artifacts. There was no significant difference between the number of inflammatory cells found in cytology and cell block techniques. Cell block technique has less artifacts than cytology, but artifacts found in cytology can be corrected so that the cytology smear technique is still an option.</p>

Cell Block and Its Impact in the Diagnosis of Jaw Lesions over Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kaveri Hallikeri ◽  
Biji Babu ◽  
Archana Sudhakaran ◽  
Roshni Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Dentigerous Cyst ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Dentigerous Cysts ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To determine the role and efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and cell block in diagnosis of jaw lesions and compare the agreement between FNAC and cell block to predict the diagnosis. <b><i>Method:</i></b> The sample comprised 51 cases, including 12 odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), 8 ameloblastomas, 22 radicular cysts, 7 dentigerous cysts, and 1 each of intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT). FNAC samples remaining after hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E)-stained cytosmear diagnosis were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was discarded and sediment mixed with 2–3 mL alcohol and filtered. To this, 10% formalin was added, filtered, taken for routine processing, and stained with H&amp;E. The result of FNAC smear and cell block was compared with histopathological diagnosis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> On cytological examination of the smears, 7 OKCs and 22 radicular cysts were diagnosed, whereas ameloblastomas, AOT, intraosseous MEC, and dentigerous cysts were not. This gave an agreement of 56.8% with the biopsy reports. Cell block sections stained with H&amp;E of 12 OKCs, 22 radicular cysts, 1 MEC, and 3 cases of ameloblastoma offered a diagnosis in accordance with the biopsies giving an agreement of 74.5%, while dentigerous cyst and AOT failed to do so. In comparison with FNAC, additionally 5 cases of OKC and 1 of MEC could be detected, and in ameloblastoma, out of 8 cases, only 3 yielded a concordant diagnosis through the cell block technique. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In comparison with FNAC, the architectural pattern and the morphology of the cells were better preserved by the cell block technique. This substantiates that cell block could be used as an ancillary technique to aid in definitive diagnosis of head and neck swellings.

scholarly journals Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas with a large pseudocyst of the pancreas as the first manifestation: a rare case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Qiu ◽  
Yajie Meng ◽  
Meiqin Lu ◽  
Chuan Tian ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Pancreatic Pseudocysts ◽  
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Ki 67

Abstract Background Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the pancreas with pseudocysts, especially diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), is extremely rare. Case presentation A 64-year-old man was admitted to our department for abdominal distension. Two months ago, he experienced abdominal pain for 1 day and was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis in another hospital. After admission, laboratory tests showed the following: amylase 400 U/L, lipase 403 U/L, and carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19-9) 347 U/mL. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed pancreatitis with a pseudocyst with a diameter measuring 7 cm. During linear EUS, a large pseudocyst (5.4 × 5.2 cm) was observed in the pancreatic body. EUS-FNA was performed. We obtained specimens for histopathology and placed a plastic stent through the pancreas and stomach to drain the pseudocyst. Puncture fluid examination revealed the following: CA19-9 > 12,000 U/mL carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 7097.42 ng/ml, amylase 27,145.3 U/L, and lipase > 6000 U/L. Cytopathology revealed an abnormal cell mass, and cancer was suspected. Furthermore, with the result of immunohistochemistry on cell mass (CK ( +), P40 ( +), p63 ( +), CK7 (−) and Ki-67 (30%)), the patient was examined as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the patient refused surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. After drainage, the cyst shrank, but the patient died 3 months after diagnosis due to liver metastasis and multiple organ failure. Conclusion For patients with primary pancreatic pseudocysts with elevated serum CEA and CA19-9 levels, we should not rule out pancreatic cancer, which may also be a manifestation of primary pancreatic SCC. EUS-FNA is helpful for obtaining histopathology and cytology and thus improving diagnostic accuracy.

EVALUATION OF CELL BLOCK TECHNIQUE VERSUS CONVENTIONAL CYTOLOGY ON BRONCHOSCOPY GUIDED NEEDLE ASPIRATION/ BRUSH CYTOLOGY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF LUNG CANCER

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Manveer kour Raina ◽  
Neena Gupta ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Anuradha Kusum
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Brush Cytology ◽  
Conventional Cytology ◽  
Cytological Preparation ◽  
True Conclusion ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
Cytology Study

INTRODUCTION: Bronchoscopy is a safe and effective method for diagnosing lung carcinomas with a variation in the diagnostic yield with different bronchoscopy guided procedures. Cell block technique has shown an addition cases positivity in diagnosing carcinomas as compared to the conventional method. AIM: The present study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of cell block technique on Bronchoscopy guided needle aspiration/ Brush and also to compare cytological preparation with cell block. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 50 cases were included in the study that was suspected to be having lung carcinoma. These patients went under bronchoscope guided aspirations (TBNA, EBNA, and Brush). Smears were immediately made for conventional cytology study and well as in another aliquot samples were collected to prepare cell blocks following which H&E staining was done. RESULTS: Out of 50 cases, 8 cases came out to be negative on conventional smears and when compared with cell block technique 4 additional cases came out to be positive who were negative on conventional smears. The diagnosis were compared with histopathology biopsies keeping it as a gold standard and results on cell block techniques were conrmed to be true. CONCLUSION: Out of 50 cases, an additional 4 more cases were diagnosed malignant by using the cell blocks technique but there were few drawbacks with cell block technique. In few of the cases on cell block, cellularity was very less, cells morphology was also not very clear and some showed cells entrapped in a clusters. The conclusion made out of this study is that cell block technique is more accurate than the cytological smears and when used in combination diagnostic efcacy will be improved.

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