scholarly journals Histological and Clinical Findings in Rabbits Sensitized with GM1 Ganglioside

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 801-805
Author(s):  
Ni Komang Sri Dewi Untari ◽  
Kurnia Kusumastuti ◽  
Guritno Suryokusumo ◽  
I Ketut Sudiana ◽  
Tedy Juliandhy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Functional Score ◽  
Gm1 Ganglioside ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Disorder ◽  
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy

BACKGROUND: Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) is a peripheral nerve disorder that attacks motor axons and occurs acutely. AMAN is one type of Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) which often attacks men of productive age. Until now, although patients have undergone intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy and/or plasmapheresis, long-standing disability remains a problem. In Indonesia, the availability and cost of these therapies are constraints. AIM: Our study aimed to find a proper animal model suitable for AMAN and can be executed in our institution, Naval Health Institute with a hope to find new therapeutic modalities in healing with AMAN. METHODS: GM1 ganglioside immunized in New Zealand male white rabbits with complete Freund’s adjuvant, every 3 weeks until 20 weeks. We evaluated the effects GM1 ganglioside on body weight, functional score, and axon degeneration’s scale. Functional score was examined based on Tarlov’s. Hematoxylin-eosin was used to stain this slide. RESULTS: Rabbits that being immunized with GM1 ganglioside experience a number of neurological signs and symptoms that resemble AMAN, that is, sluggish righting reflex, muscular weakness, flaccid hyper paralysis, and body weight loss. Pathological examination shows extensive degeneration of peripheral nerves, infiltration of macrophages, and perineuritis. CONCLUSION: This histological and clinical findings support that this neuropathy is induced by an autoimmune response delivered by cells that respond to gangliosides.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological patterns in patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
SM Monowar Hossain ◽  
Zahed Ali ◽  
Mohammad Motiur Rahman ◽  
Md Aolad Hossain ◽  
Pallab Kanti Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Conduction Study ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute, frequently severe and fulminant polyradiculoneuropathy that is autoimmune in nature. Incidence and predominant subtypes of GBS differ geographically. Electrophysiology has important role in subtyping GBS. This study aimed to evaluate the electrophysiological findings in patient of GBS. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study and conducted at the Department of Neurology in Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka and National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka during July 2017 to June 2018. Clinically diagnosed 53 patients with GBS were enrolled according to prefixed selection criteria. Detail history taking, clinical examination, nerve conduction study and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was performed in all cases. Clinical findings, nerve conduction study (NCS) parameters, CSF findings and demographic profiles were evaluated. Results: Mean ± SD age of presentation was 41.64 (±14.56) years and median age was 42.0 years. There were total 33(62 %) males and 20 (38 %) females with male: female ratio of 1.7:1. Clinically two-thirds(62.3%) of patients had both upper and lower limb involvement (62.3%), facial weakness was in 32.1% and 13.2% had bulbar involvement. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN)were found to be 51%, 32% and 17% respectively. CSFprotein was elevated in most of the patients with a range of 16-725 mg/dl. Highest CSF protein was found in AIDP. Conclusion: Electrophysiological studies play an important role in the early detection; characterization of GBS.In this study, the commonest type of GBS was AIDP. Higher levels of CSF protein, absent H-reflex and Fresponse, sural sparing and unexcitable nerves are more frequently present in AIDP. BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(1): 16-21

Atypical Clinical Presentations of Pediatric Acute Immune-Mediated Polyneuropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama Yosha-Orpaz ◽  
Sharon Aharoni ◽  
Malcolm Rabie ◽  
Yoram Nevo
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children. During the acute phase, the disorder can be life-threatening by involving the respiratory muscles and the autonomic nervous system. Nevertheless, the prognosis is good, and most children achieve full recovery. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and electrophysiologic findings in children with Guillain-Barré syndrome referred to a tertiary center in Israel. A retrospective database review from 2009 to 2015 identified 39 children. Data on clinical presentation, respiratory complications, and long-term neurologic outcomes were collected. Atypical clinical findings at admission included asymmetric weakness in 23%, nonascending weakness in 30%, and normal deep tendon reflexes in 28%. Eight children were later diagnosed with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Electrophysiologic findings, available in 12 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, revealed acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) in 4 (33.5%), AIDP with secondary axonal changes in 3 (25%), and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) subtype in 4 (33.5%); 8% had no abnormal findings. On follow-up, 71% of the children with Guillain-Barré syndrome fully recovered compared to 14% of the children with CIDP. Corresponding rates of neurologic sequelae were 29% and 86%. Clinicians should be alert to the atypical presenting symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome, which occur in a significant proportion of children.

Case 23

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar Katirji
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Fisher Syndrome ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Guillain Barré

Guillain-Barré syndrome is the prototype of acute immune-mediated neuropathies. Guillain-Barré syndrome has several subtypes including acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, acute motor axonal neuropathy, and acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy. Guillain-Barré syndrome has also several variants including Miller Fisher syndrome, ataxic form, and pharyngeal–cervical–brachial form. This case highlights the clinical findings in Guillain-Barré syndrome and discusses in details the diagnostic criteria that are essential in confirming the diagnosis and excluding mimickers of the disorder. This is followed by a detailed discussion on the electrodiagnostic findings in Guillain-Barré syndrome during the acute presentation and recovery phase. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the various findings seen on nerve conduction studies are included.

1965-P: Glucagon Receptor Agonism Stimulates Body Weight Loss in Antibiotic Treatment in Obese Mice

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1965-P
Author(s):  
TEAYOUN KIM ◽  
JESSICA P. ANTIPENKO ◽  
SHELLY NASON ◽  
NATALIE PRESEDO ◽  
WILLIAM J. VAN DER POL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Glucagon Receptor

Relation between change in treatment for central diabetes insipidus and body weight loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Ito ◽  
Aya Nozaki ◽  
Ichiro Horie ◽  
Takao Ando ◽  
Atsushi Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Central Diabetes Insipidus

scholarly journals Efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for patient with morbid obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Ichikawa ◽  
Hirofumi Imoto ◽  
Naoki Tanaka ◽  
Hiroaki Musha ◽  
Shojiro Sawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Body Weight Loss

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery is effective for the treatment of patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), for body weight loss and glycemic control. However, in Japan, there has been no previous report of the effectiveness bariatric surgery in a case of morbid obesity associated with acute onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), in which pancreatic β-cells were destroyed and endogenous insulin was depleted. Case presentation A 36-year-old woman with morbid obesity and T1DM, diagnosed when she was 6 years, was admitted for bariatric surgery. At her first consultation, she had a body weight of 106.7 kg and a body mass index of 42.2 kg/m2. Her HbA1c level was 9.0%, with a required daily insulin dose of 75 units. She underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. At 1 year after surgery, her body weight had decreased to 81.0 kg and her body mass index to 32.2 kg/m2. In addition, her daily required dose of insulin had decreased to 24 units, with an improvement in her HbA1c level to 7.7%. Conclusions Although further evidence needs to be accumulated, including long-term outcomes, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy may provide an effective treatment for patients with morbid obesity and T1DM for body weight loss, improvement in HbA1c level, and insulin dose reduction.

Dose-dependent and time-dependent metabolic, hemodynamic, and redox disturbances in dexamethasone-treated Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvine P. Nguelefack-Mbuyo ◽  
Fernande P. Peyembouo ◽  
Christian K. Fofié ◽  
Télesphore B. Nguelefack
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Subchronic Treatment

Abstract Objectives Dexamethasone is used experimentally to induce insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, data concerning the dose, the duration of treatment, and the associated comorbidities are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of dexamethasone and the duration of treatment necessary for the development of a model of insulin resistance that mimics the clinical condition with the associated comorbidities. Methods Dexamethasone was administered intramuscularly to male Wistar rats, at doses of 500 and 1,000 µg/kg/day for the subchronic treatment (eight consecutive days) and at doses of 5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/kg/day in chronic treatment (28 consecutive days). Effects on body weight, metabolism, hemodynamics, renal function, and redox status were evaluated. Results Both treatments induced a progressive body weight loss that was drastic in subchronic treatment, improved glucose tolerance without affecting fasting glycemia. Doses of 1,000 and 100 µg/kg were associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and increased heart rate, cardiac and renal hypertrophy. Increased creatinemia associated with reduced creatinuria were observed in sub-chronic treatment while increased proteinuria and reduced creatinuria were noticed in chronic treatment. 1,000 µg/kg dexamethasone caused an increase in hepatic, and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) coupled with a reduction in catalase activity. The dose of 100 µg/kg induced a rise in GSH and catalase activity but reduced MDA levels in the kidney. Conclusions Doses of 1,000 µg/kg for subchronic and 100 µg/kg for chronic treatment exhibited similar effects and are the best doses to respective time frames to induce the model.

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