Salivary Alpha-amylase Enzyme and Salivary Cortisol Level in Depression after Treatment with Fluoxetine

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and its end product cortisol have been extensively investigated in patients with depressive disorders for many years. Recently, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) had emerged as a new biomarker with non-invasive and more convenience protocol for measuring sympathetic activity which were also associated with depression. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) is antidepressant drug extensively used to treat depression. The aim of this study was to determine whether decrease of sAA and salivary cortisol levels could be observed in subjects with depression who were treated by fluoxetine. The total subjects were 25 depressed subjects and 10 healthy controls. sAA was examined before therapy, and after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration using a portable cocorometer. Salivary cortisol was examined before therapy, after 4 and 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration with Elisa method. The therapeutic effect was assessed with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Results: sAA and cortisol level were significantly decreased after fluoxetine administration (p<0.001) followed by at least 50% reduction of HDRS scores after 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration. Levels of sAA and cortisol were higher in the depression group than in the healthy control. Conclusions: Measurement of sAA levels can be used as a potential biomarker of therapeutic response in depressed patients in addition to salivary cortisol.

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Salivary Alpha Amylase Enzyme and Salivary Cortisol Level in Depression after Treatment with Fluoxetine

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (T3) ◽

pp. 144-149

Author(s):

Andi Jayalangkara Tanra ◽

Hawaidah Madeali ◽

Mayamariska Sanusi ◽

Saidah Syamsuddin ◽

Sonny Teddy Lisal

Keyword(s):

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Salivary Cortisol Level ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Cortisol Levels

BACKGROUND: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its end product cortisol have been extensively investigated in patients with depressive disorders for many years. Recently, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) had emerged as a new biomarker with non-invasive and more convenience protocol for measuring sympathetic activity which were also associated with depression. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor is antidepressant drug extensively used to treat depression. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether decrease of sAA and salivary cortisol levels could be observed in subjects with depression who were treated by fluoxetine. METHODS: The total subjects were 25 depressed subjects and ten healthy controls. sAA was examined before therapy, and after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration using a portable cocorometer. Salivary cortisol was examined before therapy, after 4 and 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration with Elisa method. The therapeutic effect was assessed with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). RESULTS: sAA and cortisol levels were significantly decreased after fluoxetine administration (p < 0.001), followed by at least 50% reduction of HDRS scores after 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration. Levels of sAA and cortisol were higher in the depression group than in the healthy control. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of sAA levels can be used as a potential biomarker of therapeutic response in depressed patients in addition to salivary cortisol.

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Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity Levels in Catatonic Schizophrenia Decrease after Electroconvulsive Therapy

Case Reports in Psychiatry ◽

10.1155/2018/2623585 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Misako Kanayama ◽

Tsuyoshi Miyaoka ◽

Tomoko Araki ◽

Maiko Hayashida ◽

Sadayuki Hashioka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Before And After ◽

Catatonic Schizophrenia ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Background. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in schizophrenia has been detected by electrophysiological methods, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Several studies have suggested that measuring salivary alpha-amylase activity levels is useful for evaluating the ANS activity and that sAA levels increase in schizophrenia and correlate with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores. However, no study has examined the relationship between sAA activity levels and symptoms of schizophrenia with catatonic state. Methods. We present the case of a 59-year-old female with persistent catatonic schizophrenia treated by electroconvulsive therapy. We evaluated the ANS activity by measuring sAA activity levels before and after ECT, and we evaluated her symptoms using the BPRS and Bush–Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS). Results. ECT was highly effective and BPRS and BFCRS scores substantially decreased. sAA activity levels decreased from 125 kU/l to 33 kU/l. Conclusions. sAA activity levels could be a potential biomarker of schizophrenia with catatonic state.

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The Cortisol Awakening Response in Anxiety Disorders and Personality Disorders and Changes in Salivary Cortisol Level After Psychotherapy

10.26226/morressier.588f064cd462b8028d892047 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Edyta Dembinska

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Cortisol Level ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Cortisol Awakening Response ◽

Salivary Cortisol Level

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Effects of Physical Workload on Salivary Cortisol Level

Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.57 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dong Mug Kang ◽

Byung Min Son ◽

Sang Baek Koh ◽

Junho Jang ◽

Mia Son ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortisol Level ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Physical Workload ◽

Salivary Cortisol Level

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593 SALIVARY CORTISOL LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME

European Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/s1090-3801(09)60596-6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

I. Glazar ◽

H. Simic ◽

I. Brekalo Prso ◽

G. Brumini ◽

S. Pezelj‐Ribaric

Keyword(s):

Cortisol Level ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Salivary Cortisol Level ◽

Burning Mouth

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The effect of citrus ginger aroma on heart rate and salivary cortisol level during sleep at home

IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering ◽

10.1002/tee.22845 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 623-629

Author(s):

Fang Jiang ◽

Takemi Kobayashi ◽

Takurou Ichihashi ◽

Kanetoshi Ito ◽

Shusaku Nomura

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Cortisol Level ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Salivary Cortisol Level ◽

At Home

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The effect of supplementation of Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 on salivary cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v11i1.26500 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Ekasit Lalitsuradej ◽

Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ◽

Sasithorn Sirilun ◽

Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn ◽

Sartjin Peerajan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hpa Axis ◽

Cortisol Level ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽

Chronic Fatigue ◽

Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽

Psychological State ◽

Salivary Cortisol Level ◽

Probiotic Intervention ◽

Lactobacillus Paracasei Hii01

Background of the study: Fatigue is one of the serious health issues, and stress is the main factor that induces chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The dysregulation of stress management pathway may account for the development of CFS. The human body comprises several neurobiological networks to manage physical and emotional insults. Hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the important neuroendocrine networks involved in the neurophysiological activity of the host system. The response of HPA axis depends on the physical and psychological state of stress and other factors like time and duration of stress. The probiotic supplements are proved as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for several diseases. Aims and Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 supplementation on salivary cortisol and DHEA-S levels of fatigue subjects. Materials and Methods: After 12-weeks of probiotic intervention significantly reduced the salivary cortisol level, while DHEA-S level was not affected. The ratio of cortisol: DHEA-S was reduced after probiotic intervention. Results: The results concluded that L. paracasei HII01 has the ability to reduce the stress level in fatigue subjects by reducing the salivary cortisol level. Conclusion: The results evidently to recommend that the ingestion of 12.5 billion cells of L. paracasei HII01 per day for 12 weeks significantly amended HPA-Axis by lowering salivary cortisol and ratio cortisol: DHEA-S in fatigue subjects.

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