scholarly journals Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity Levels in Catatonic Schizophrenia Decrease after Electroconvulsive Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Misako Kanayama ◽  
Tsuyoshi Miyaoka ◽  
Tomoko Araki ◽  
Maiko Hayashida ◽  
Sadayuki Hashioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Catatonic Schizophrenia ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in schizophrenia has been detected by electrophysiological methods, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Several studies have suggested that measuring salivary alpha-amylase activity levels is useful for evaluating the ANS activity and that sAA levels increase in schizophrenia and correlate with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores. However, no study has examined the relationship between sAA activity levels and symptoms of schizophrenia with catatonic state. Methods. We present the case of a 59-year-old female with persistent catatonic schizophrenia treated by electroconvulsive therapy. We evaluated the ANS activity by measuring sAA activity levels before and after ECT, and we evaluated her symptoms using the BPRS and Bush–Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS). Results. ECT was highly effective and BPRS and BFCRS scores substantially decreased. sAA activity levels decreased from 125 kU/l to 33 kU/l. Conclusions. sAA activity levels could be a potential biomarker of schizophrenia with catatonic state.

scholarly journals Salivary Alpha Amylase Enzyme and Salivary Cortisol Level in Depression after Treatment with Fluoxetine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Andi Jayalangkara Tanra ◽  
Hawaidah Madeali ◽  
Mayamariska Sanusi ◽  
Saidah Syamsuddin ◽  
Sonny Teddy Lisal
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Cortisol Levels

BACKGROUND: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its end product cortisol have been extensively investigated in patients with depressive disorders for many years. Recently, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) had emerged as a new biomarker with non-invasive and more convenience protocol for measuring sympathetic activity which were also associated with depression. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor is antidepressant drug extensively used to treat depression. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether decrease of sAA and salivary cortisol levels could be observed in subjects with depression who were treated by fluoxetine. METHODS: The total subjects were 25 depressed subjects and ten healthy controls. sAA was examined before therapy, and after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration using a portable cocorometer. Salivary cortisol was examined before therapy, after 4 and 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration with Elisa method. The therapeutic effect was assessed with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). RESULTS: sAA and cortisol levels were significantly decreased after fluoxetine administration (p < 0.001), followed by at least 50% reduction of HDRS scores after 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration. Levels of sAA and cortisol were higher in the depression group than in the healthy control. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of sAA levels can be used as a potential biomarker of therapeutic response in depressed patients in addition to salivary cortisol.

scholarly journals Salivary Alpha-amylase Enzyme and Salivary Cortisol Level in Depression after Treatment with Fluoxetine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Andi Jayalangkara Tanra ◽  
Hawaidah Madeali ◽  
Mayamariska Sanusi ◽  
Saidah Syamsuddin ◽  
Sonny Teddy Lisal
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level ◽  
Healthy Control

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and its end product cortisol have been extensively investigated in patients with depressive disorders for many years. Recently, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) had emerged as a new biomarker with non-invasive and more convenience protocol for measuring sympathetic activity which were also associated with depression. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) is antidepressant drug extensively used to treat depression. The aim of this study was to determine whether decrease of sAA and salivary cortisol levels could be observed in subjects with depression who were treated by fluoxetine. The total subjects were 25 depressed subjects and 10 healthy controls. sAA was examined before therapy, and after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration using a portable cocorometer. Salivary cortisol was examined before therapy, after 4 and 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration with Elisa method. The therapeutic effect was assessed with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Results: sAA and cortisol level were significantly decreased after fluoxetine administration (p<0.001) followed by at least 50% reduction of HDRS scores after 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration. Levels of sAA and cortisol were higher in the depression group than in the healthy control. Conclusions: Measurement of sAA levels can be used as a potential biomarker of therapeutic response in depressed patients in addition to salivary cortisol.

scholarly journals Electroconvulsive Therapy and Age: Effectiveness, Safety and Tolerability in the Treatment of Major Depression among Patients under and over 65 Years of Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Monika Dominiak ◽  
Anna Z. Antosik-Wójcińska ◽  
Marcin Wojnar ◽  
Paweł Mierzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Resistant Depression

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the most effective therapy in treatment-resistant depression. However, the safety of ECT has been consistently questioned, particularly among elderly patients. We assessed the efficacy and safety of ECT in patients before and after 65 years old. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2018 and included 91 patients (61 under and 29 over 65 years old) with major depression undergoing ECT. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to evaluate efficacy. Cognitive functions were assessed using: MMSE, RAVLT, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test and Autobiographical Memory Interview-Short Form. ECT was more effective in older patients as compared to younger (p < 0.001). No serious adverse events were observed in either group. Increased blood pressure and arrhythmias were more common in the older compared to the younger group (p = 0.044 and p = 0.047, respectively), while disturbances of consciousness did not differ between groups (p = 0.820). Most of the cognitive functions remained unchanged compared to baseline, whereas the outcomes of MMSE, RAVLT and Stroop tests showed greater improvements in the older compared to the younger group (all p < 0.05). The decline in the retrieval consistency of autobiographical memory was more pronounced in the younger group (p = 0.024). ECT is a highly effective, safe and well-tolerated method of treating depression regardless of age.

Inhaled Salmeterol Induces Salivary Alpha Amylase Activity in Healthy Subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. AB4
Author(s):  
Andrea A. Pappalardo ◽  
Sherlyana Surja ◽  
Caitlin M. Campion ◽  
Sarah J. Aldrich ◽  
James N. Moy
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase

scholarly journals SALIVARY ALPHA-AMYLASE AS A MEASURE OF ANXIETY BEFORE AND AFTER DENTAL TREATMENT FOR VISUALLY AND HEARING-IMPAIRED CHILDREN AND THEIR MOTHERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Eka S Shofiyah ◽  
Margaretha Sovaria ◽  
Mochamad F Rizal ◽  
Sarworini B Budiardjo
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

Objective: Visual and hearing impairments are known to profoundly affect children’s psychological development, including their anxiety. However, strong emotional relationship with their mother found in these children may help them cope. Measuring salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) in saliva samples is widely used in clinical settings as a reliable, non-invasive biomarker of anxiety level.Methods: Our objective was to evaluate sAA levels in visually and hearing-impaired children and their mothers before and after dental treatment. This study included 60 children with visual and hearing impairments and their mothers. sAA level of both children and mothers was sampled while they were together in the waiting room before treatment. The children then underwent dental prophylaxis in a separate room, and their post-treatment sAA was measured immediately afterward. At that time, their mother’s post-treatment sAA was sampled in the waiting room. Data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon test.Results: sAA levels were found to differ significantly between pre- and post-dental treatment (p<0.05).Conclusion: This difference indicates that reducing maternal anxiety would be of great benefit in reducing anxiety in visually and hearing-impaired children. Practical implications: Appropriately managing anxiety in this group of children can be of great benefit to dentists in daily practice, helping them provide the care that these children need.

scholarly journals Salivary alpha-amylase activity and cortisol in horses with acute abdominal disease: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Dolores Contreras-Aguilar ◽  
Damián Escribano ◽  
María Martín-Cuervo ◽  
Fernando Tecles ◽  
Jose Joaquín Cerón
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Abdominal Disease

scholarly journals Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on hippocampal and amygdala volumes: systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Takamiya ◽  
Jun Ku Chung ◽  
Kuo-ching Liang ◽  
Ariel Graff-Guerrero ◽  
Masaru Mimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for depression, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Animal studies have shown that electroconvulsive shock induced neuroplastic changes in the hippocampus.AimsTo summarise volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating the effects of ECT on limbic brain structures.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess volumetric changes of each side of the hippocampus and amygdala before and after ECT. Standardised mean difference (SMD) was calculated.ResultsA total of 8 studies (n = 193) were selected for our analyses. Both right and left hippocampal and amygdala volumes increased after ECT. Meta-regression analyses revealed that age, percentage of those responding and percentage of those in remission were negatively associated with volume increases in the left hippocampus.ConclusionsECT increased brain volume in the limbic structures. The clinical relevance of volume increase needs further investigation.Declaration of interestNone.

Knowledge of Attitude Toward Experience and Satisfaction with Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Sample of Iranian Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Malekian ◽  
Z. Amini ◽  
M. Barekatain ◽  
M.R. Maracy ◽  
G. Ahmadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mini Mental Status Examination ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Iranian Patients

Despite the wide consensus over the safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), it still faces unfavorable attitudes of patients and families. Little is known about how the experience with ECT affects the patients’ and their families’ attitude toward it. This study examined a sample of Iranian patients and their families regarding their experience with ECT and compared their knowledge and attitude toward ECT before and after this experience and their satisfaction with it. We surveyed 22 patients with major depressive disorder about to undergo ECT and 1 family member of each patient for their knowledge and attitude toward ECT and then surveyed them again after the trial of ECT to compare those variables while assessing their experience and satisfaction with ECT. Patients were rated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Mini-Mental Status Examination before and after the treatment. Before ECT, family members had a more favorable attitude toward ECT than patients, but after ECT, the patients’ attitude changed more positively. Both patients and their families had a poor knowledge of ECT before the ECT trial, but their total knowledge increased afterward, although not in the areas of indications and therapeutic effects. The majority of patients and their families found ECT to be beneficial and were satisfied with it. There was a high rate of perceived coercion to consent to ECT. Attention should be paid toward educating patients and their families about the ECT as well as informing them about their freedom of choice and right to refuse.

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