scholarly journals Salivary Alpha Amylase Enzyme and Salivary Cortisol Level in Depression after Treatment with Fluoxetine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Andi Jayalangkara Tanra ◽  
Hawaidah Madeali ◽  
Mayamariska Sanusi ◽  
Saidah Syamsuddin ◽  
Sonny Teddy Lisal
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Cortisol Levels

BACKGROUND: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its end product cortisol have been extensively investigated in patients with depressive disorders for many years. Recently, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) had emerged as a new biomarker with non-invasive and more convenience protocol for measuring sympathetic activity which were also associated with depression. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor is antidepressant drug extensively used to treat depression. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether decrease of sAA and salivary cortisol levels could be observed in subjects with depression who were treated by fluoxetine. METHODS: The total subjects were 25 depressed subjects and ten healthy controls. sAA was examined before therapy, and after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration using a portable cocorometer. Salivary cortisol was examined before therapy, after 4 and 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration with Elisa method. The therapeutic effect was assessed with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). RESULTS: sAA and cortisol levels were significantly decreased after fluoxetine administration (p < 0.001), followed by at least 50% reduction of HDRS scores after 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration. Levels of sAA and cortisol were higher in the depression group than in the healthy control. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of sAA levels can be used as a potential biomarker of therapeutic response in depressed patients in addition to salivary cortisol.

scholarly journals Salivary Alpha-amylase Enzyme and Salivary Cortisol Level in Depression after Treatment with Fluoxetine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Andi Jayalangkara Tanra ◽  
Hawaidah Madeali ◽  
Mayamariska Sanusi ◽  
Saidah Syamsuddin ◽  
Sonny Teddy Lisal
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level ◽  
Healthy Control

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and its end product cortisol have been extensively investigated in patients with depressive disorders for many years. Recently, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) had emerged as a new biomarker with non-invasive and more convenience protocol for measuring sympathetic activity which were also associated with depression. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) is antidepressant drug extensively used to treat depression. The aim of this study was to determine whether decrease of sAA and salivary cortisol levels could be observed in subjects with depression who were treated by fluoxetine. The total subjects were 25 depressed subjects and 10 healthy controls. sAA was examined before therapy, and after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration using a portable cocorometer. Salivary cortisol was examined before therapy, after 4 and 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration with Elisa method. The therapeutic effect was assessed with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Results: sAA and cortisol level were significantly decreased after fluoxetine administration (p<0.001) followed by at least 50% reduction of HDRS scores after 6 weeks of fluoxetine administration. Levels of sAA and cortisol were higher in the depression group than in the healthy control. Conclusions: Measurement of sAA levels can be used as a potential biomarker of therapeutic response in depressed patients in addition to salivary cortisol.

scholarly journals Study of Salivary Stress Factor Activity in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus During the Period of Adaptation to Complete Removable Laminar Dentures

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. E202038
Author(s):  
Lyubov Leybyuk ◽  
Mykola Rozhko ◽  
Olena Rozhko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Stress Factor ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Group I ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Edentulous Patients

Diabetes mellitus is referred to as non-communicable epidemic of the 21st century and the fight against diabetes is one of medical and social challenges. One of its complications is damage to periodontal tissues that is accompanied by tooth loss. Any removable denture is a foreign body being a stress factor for the oral cavity. The objective of the research was to study dynamic changes in the activity of stress factor indicators, namely salivary cortisol, glucose and alpha-amylase levels in diabetic patients after prosthodontic treatment with complete removable laminar dentures. Materials and Methods. For this study, patients at the age of 45 to 74 years were divided into two groups: Group I included 52 edentulous patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated with acrylic resin complete removable laminar dentures; Group II comprised 52 edentulous patients without endocrine pathology who were treated with acrylic resin complete removable laminar dentures as well. Saliva served as the study material. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine salivary cortisol levels. Glucose concentration in saliva was determined by a unified enzymatic method. Alpha-amylase activity was determined by the enzymatic colorimetric method. Results. According to the research results, before prosthodontic treatment, salivary cortisol levels of patients with diabetes mellitus were 2.4 times higher as compared to patients without somatic pathology. In phase I of adaptation to complete removable laminar dentures, in patients with diabetes mellitus, salivary cortisol concentration increased drastically by 1.4 times as compared to the indicator before prosthodontic treatment (5.61±0.83 ng/ml vs. 4.02±0.65 ng/ml, p<0.01), while in the group of patients without endocrine pathology, cortisol levels increased by 1.2 times; salivary glucose level of patients with diabetes mellitus increased by 1.3 times, while in patients without endocrine pathology, it increased by 1.1 times; in patients of Group I, salivary alpha-amylase levels increased by 1.2 times, while in patients of Group II, salivary alpha-amylase concentration increased by 1.05 times. Conclusions. In patients with diabetes mellitus, changes in saliva composition indicate a significant reduction in the adaptation mechanisms, that complicates and significantly prolongs the period of adaptation to complete removable laminar dentures.

scholarly journals Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity Levels in Catatonic Schizophrenia Decrease after Electroconvulsive Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Misako Kanayama ◽  
Tsuyoshi Miyaoka ◽  
Tomoko Araki ◽  
Maiko Hayashida ◽  
Sadayuki Hashioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Catatonic Schizophrenia ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in schizophrenia has been detected by electrophysiological methods, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Several studies have suggested that measuring salivary alpha-amylase activity levels is useful for evaluating the ANS activity and that sAA levels increase in schizophrenia and correlate with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores. However, no study has examined the relationship between sAA activity levels and symptoms of schizophrenia with catatonic state. Methods. We present the case of a 59-year-old female with persistent catatonic schizophrenia treated by electroconvulsive therapy. We evaluated the ANS activity by measuring sAA activity levels before and after ECT, and we evaluated her symptoms using the BPRS and Bush–Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS). Results. ECT was highly effective and BPRS and BFCRS scores substantially decreased. sAA activity levels decreased from 125 kU/l to 33 kU/l. Conclusions. sAA activity levels could be a potential biomarker of schizophrenia with catatonic state.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Dental Anxiety in Primary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study from Romania

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Ramona Vlad ◽  
Anca Maria Pop ◽  
Peter Olah ◽  
Monica Monea
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Current data report that high levels of dental anxiety in children have a negative impact on oral health. The aim of this study was to measure dental anxiety, based on the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) used as a self-reported measure and to correlate its values with the salivary cortisol levels. The study was conducted in 2019 and included 389 children aged 6–9 years old; evaluation of dental anxiety and saliva sampling were performed. The influence of gender on the presence of dental anxiety was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, the salivary cortisol level was compared between anxious and non-anxious children and was further correlated with the ACDAS score (p < 0.05). Girls had higher odds of experiencing dental anxiety (odds ratio: 1.533, p = 0.041). Salivary cortisol levels were higher in anxious compared to non-anxious children (median 1.251 vs. 1.091 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and showed a positive moderate correlation with the ACDAS score (r = 0.411, p < 0.001). Children aged 6–9 years have a high prevalence of dental anxiety, with girls being more susceptible to this condition. Salivary cortisol levels are higher in anxious children and correlate positively with the ACDAS score, proving that ACDAS can be used for the detection of dental anxiety.

scholarly journals Questionnaires and salivary cortisol to measure stress and depression in mid-pregnancy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250459
Author(s):  
Richelle Vlenterie ◽  
Pauline M. Geuijen ◽  
Marleen M. H. J. van Gelder ◽  
Nel Roeleveld
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Distress Scale

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with cortisol as its final metabolite, has been proposed as a potential underlying biological mechanism for associations between depression and stress symptoms during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes. In this study, we explored associations between salivary cortisol as a potential biomarker for stress and depressive symptoms and several self-completed psychological measurement scales among pregnant women. In total, 652 pregnant women participating in the PRegnancy and Infant DEvelopment (PRIDE) Study completed the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised (PRAQ-R), and Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS) and collected a single awakening salivary cortisol sample around gestational week 17. Odds ratios, Spearman’s correlation coefficients (ρs) and Cohen’s Kappa coefficients (κ) were calculated to examine the associations between the EDS, PHQ-2, PRAQ-R, TPDS, and maternal cortisol levels. The overall correlation coefficient between the score on the EDS and the salivary cortisol level was 0.01 (p = 0.89) with κ = -0.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.08–0.06). We did not observe agreement between the PHQ-2 and cortisol levels either (κ = 0.06 (95% CI -0.02–0.14)). The results for the PRAQ-R and TPDS were similar with overall correlations with maternal cortisol levels of ρs = 0.01 (p = 0.81) and ρs = 0.06 (p = 0.35) and agreements of κ = 0.02 (95% CI -0.06–0.09) and κ = -0.02 (95% CI -0.11–0.07), respectively. Maternal awakening salivary cortisol levels and measures of maternal psychological distress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and pregnancy-related anxiety, assessed by self-completed questionnaires, did not seem to be related in mid-pregnancy.

scholarly journals Assessment and Correction of Stress in Preterm Infants and Their Mothers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Sarapuk ◽  
Halyna Pavlyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level ◽  
Baseline Response ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Skin To Skin

Abstract The objective was to study the peculiarities of hormonal stress in preterm infants in the NICU and their mothers, and to investigate how skin-to-skin contact influences it. The study included 60 preterm infants with GA˂32 weeks who were treated in NICU and their mothers. The overall design was a baseline-response design. Saliva was collected before (baseline) and after skin-to-skin contact to measure cortisol by enzyme immunoassay method. Infant baseline salivary cortisol level was 0.587 [0.239; 1,714] µg/dL. It was significantly higher in neonates who had invasive ventilation (1.00 [0.38; 2.44]) µg/dL compared to non-ventilated infants (0.335 [0.156; 1.236]) µg/dL, p = 0.022; and positively correlated with the Apgar score at 1st and 5th minutes (r=-0.36; p = 0.011 and r=-0.34; p = 0.017) and duration of ventilation (r = 0.70; p = 0.0000). Maternal baseline salivary cortisol level was 0.212 [0.123; 0.378]µg/dL. There was significant decreasing of salivary cortisol after Kangaroo mother care with skin-to-skin contact in infants (0.162 [0.111; 0.231]) µg/dL, p˂0.001 and mothers (0.096 [0.077; 0.156]) µg/dL, p˂0.001. Conclusion: Preterm infants in the NICU and their mothers experience stress confirmed by the increased baseline cortisol levels. Kangaroo mother care with skin-to-skin contact reduces the stress and normalizes salivary cortisol levels in both infant and mother in the NICU.

scholarly journals Effects of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Mood States and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Healthy Volunteers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ◽  
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ◽  
Jakkrit Wongwan ◽  
Kanyarat Thiwan ◽  
Wandee Rungseevijitprapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact

Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies to improve health. The aromatic essential oils have been used in the treatment procedure through inhalation of essential oil vapor, massage, and herbal bathing. Litsea species are generally used in traditional medicine, and Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon is a potent fumigant plant, used in cosmetics and foods as essence. The chemical composition of the essential oil of different parts of L. cubeba has been found to be varied. L. cubeba essential oil (LEO) is known for the treatment of cognition-associated discomforts. The current study assessed the impact of inhalation of LEO on mood states and salivary cortisol levels of healthy people. Fifteen healthy volunteers were involved in the study. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) Questionnaire and ELISA methods were employed to determine the mood states and salivary cortisol level, respectively. (-)-β-pinene, β-citral, cis- and trans-citral, citronellal, limonene, linalool, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were detected in LEO by GC-MS analysis. The heart rate and blood pressure were not affected significantly during LEO exposure. The inhalation of LEO significantly improved the total mood disturbance and reduced the confusion among the healthy human subjects. LEO inhalation reduced the salivary cortisol level at a notable level. The results of the current study warrant further studies on the beneficial effect of LEO aromatherapy in healthy and diseased subjects to uncover the therapeutic nature of the L. cubeba plant.

Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Cortisol Levels and Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Functions in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with and without Stress – A Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Sachin nil ◽  
Savita AM ◽  
Sunil S ◽  
Tejashwini MA ◽  
Archana Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Peripheral Blood Neutrophil ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Group I ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Background and aim: Development of chronic periodontitis (CP) is related to the presence of periopathogenic bacteria and several other conditions including stress. In the successful management of chronic periodontitis, early detection of psychological stress plays a crucial role. Salivary cortisol is found to be associated with stress, however not many published evidence exists suggesting the association of stress and salivary cortisol levels in chronic periodontitis. Hence, this study was carried out with the aim to assess salivary cortisol levels and neutrophil functions in chronic periodontitis patients with and without stress. Materials and methods: Cortisol levels were determined using ELISA method from saliva samples collected, analysis of neutrophil functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis and intracellular killing was done using nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay, and stress was assessed using Derogatis Stress Profile scale in 60 participants. Study participants were categorized into two groups based on their periodontal condition, Group I: Healthy control (n=30) and Group II: Chronic periodontitis (CP) (n=30) with a probing depth of ≥ 4mm and Clinical attachment loss (CAL) AL >1mm. Results: The difference in mean stress score of the chronic periodontitis group (0.52 ± 0.12) and healthy control group (0.46 ± 0.08) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Salivary cortisol levels in the healthy (7.77 ± 5.48) and chronic periodontitis (8.77 ± 8.75) groups did not differ significantly. Neutrophil functions defects in the CP group (32.70 ± 12.15) and healthy group (20.33 ± 10.17) differed in a statistically significant manner. Conclusion: Statistically significant differences were observed in the stress levels, salivary cortisol levels and neutrophil functions between healthy and CP subjects with and without stress, thus demonstrating a possible link between CP and stress.

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