scholarly journals Paediatric Virology and respiratory syncytial virus: An interview with Honorary Senior Lecturer in Paediatric Infectious Diseases Dr�Simon B.�Drysdale (St.�George's, University of London, UK)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Mammas ◽  
Demetrios Spandidos
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Senior Lecturer ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals Using linked health data in international comparisons of infectious disease burden

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Routinely Collected Data ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
International Comparative

Linking population-level health databases – such as those on hospital admissions, GP consultations, prescriptions, maternal and perinatal data, and laboratory data – provides great opportunities to explore the epidemiology and burden of infectious diseases. Furthermore, comparing the epidemiology and burden of infectious diseases on an international scale is crucial in designing and implementing national and global prevention and control measures. However, substantial differences between countries in national health systems (including thresholds for hospital admission), as well as varying availability and quality of routinely collected data, can pose challenges when using linked population-level health databases to compare estimates of infectious disease burden between countries. This session aims to highlight and discuss the opportunities and challenges of international comparisons of infectious disease burden using linked population-level health data. This session will facilitate discussion of the methodological, ethical and resource challenges when using linked health data to produce internationally comparable estimates of the burden of infectious diseases. We will use as an example the ongoing work of the REspiratory Syncytial virus Consortium in Europe (RESCEU) – a large-scale collaborative project producing evidence to inform policymaking and regulatory decisions on novel respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines and therapeutics. The RESCEU project involves at least seven European countries each using linked routinely collected health data to produce national estimates of the health and economic burden of RSV, by age and risk group, for comparison. The results will highlight target populations for future vaccines and therapeutics, and provide a baseline estimate of the pre-vaccine era burden of disease that can be used to measure future vaccine impact. We will share the challenges faced in the RESCEU project with regards to using linked health data in international comparative work. We will then discuss, with relevance to other ongoing or future projects, how these challenges may be overcome. This session will generate ideas for procedures and tools for international comparative work using routinely collected data to investigate infectious diseases. This session will provide the opportunity to network with other researchers working in this area. We aim to facilitate the generation and dissemination of ideas for current and future projects, and therefore this session is likely to identify areas for potential future international collaborative work.

scholarly journals Fosfomycin Suppresses Chemokine Induction in Airway Epithelial Cells Infected with Respiratory Syncytial Virus

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamaki Okabayashi ◽  
Shin-ichi Yokota ◽  
Yuko Yoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Tsutsumi ◽  
Nobuhiro Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Gene Assay ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Rantes Promoter

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects airway epithelial cells, causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Inflammation is mediated by various cytokines secreted from RSV-infected airway epithelial cells, and it promotes the pathogenesis of RSV-related diseases. Fosfomycin (FOF) is approved as a treatment for various bacterial infectious diseases, including respiratory infectious diseases, in Japan. FOF is suggested to exhibit immunomodulatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes and T lymphocytes, in addition to its antimicrobial activity. We investigated the effect of FOF on the cytokine production of an airway epithelial cell line, A549, infected with RSV. RSV-induced cytokines, such as regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and IL-6, in infected A549 cells. We found that FOF decreased the levels of RSV-induced RANTES and IL-8 but not the level of RSV-induced IL-6. The RANTES promoter was activated by RSV infection. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis of the RANTES promoter showed that NF-κB-binding motifs had a critical role in RSV-induced RANTES promoter activity. A luciferase reporter gene assay and a DNA-binding assay indicated that FOF suppressed the NF-κB activity induced by RSV infection. These results demonstrate that FOF treatment suppresses the RSV-induced transcription of the chemokines RANTES and IL-8 in airway epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Hyper-Enriched Anti-RSV Immunoglobulins Nasally Administered: A Promising Approach for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Jacque ◽  
Claire Chottin ◽  
Daphné Laubreton ◽  
Michel Nogre ◽  
Cécile Ferret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Nasal Administration ◽  
New Class ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a public health concern that causes acute lower respiratory tract infection. So far, no vaccine candidate under development has reached the market and the only licensed product to prevent RSV infection in at-risk infants and young children is a monoclonal antibody (Synagis®). Polyclonal human anti-RSV hyper-immune immunoglobulins (Igs) have also been used but were superseded by Synagis® owing to their low titer and large infused volume. Here we report a new drug class of immunoglobulins, derived from human non hyper-immune plasma that was generated by an innovative bioprocess, called Ig cracking, combining expertises in plasma-derived products and affinity chromatography. By using the RSV fusion protein (F protein) as ligand, the Ig cracking process provided a purified and concentrated product, designated hyper-enriched anti-RSV IgG, composed of at least 15-20% target-specific-antibodies from normal plasma. These anti-RSV Ig displayed a strong in vitro neutralization effect on RSV replication. Moreover, we described a novel prophylactic strategy based on local nasal administration of this unique hyper-enriched anti-RSV IgG solution using a mouse model of infection with bioluminescent RSV. Our results demonstrated that very low doses of hyper-enriched anti-RSV IgG can be administered locally to ensure rapid and efficient inhibition of virus infection. Thus, the general hyper-enriched Ig concept appeared a promising approach and might provide solutions to prevent and treat other infectious diseases.ImportanceRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the major cause of acute lower respiratory infections in children, and is also recognized as a cause of morbidity in the elderly. There are still no vaccines and no efficient antiviral therapy against this virus. Here, we described an approach of passive immunization with a new class of hyper-enriched anti-RSV immunoglobulins (Ig) manufactured from human normal plasma. This new class of immunoglobulin plasma derived product is generated by an innovative bioprocess, called Ig cracking, which requires a combination of expertise in both plasma derived products and affinity chromatography. The strong efficacy in a small volume of these hyper-enriched anti-RSV IgG to inhibit the viral infection was demonstrated using a mouse model. This new class of immunoglobulin plasma-derived products could be applied to other pathogens to address specific therapeutic needs in the field of infectious diseases or even pandemics, such as COVID-19.

scholarly journals Management of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis: 2015 Survey of Members of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott J. Carande ◽  
Andrew J. Pollard ◽  
Simon B. Drysdale
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
European Society ◽  
English Language ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Draft Guideline ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Syncytial Virus

In 1995, the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID) carried out a survey of its members to assess the variation in management of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. The aim of the current study was to carry out a similar survey 20 years later to assess how the management had changed. An electronic, structured, English language survey, based on the United Kingdom National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) bronchiolitis draft guideline, was sent to ESPID members in March 2015. Questions asked included information on treatment practices of infants with bronchiolitis and doctor demographics. We received responses from 135 doctors (14% of the ESPID members) who worked in 115 hospitals. 56% of the doctors used a written guideline to manage bronchiolitic infants. All doctors stated that they isolated individually or in cohorts all hospitalised bronchiolitis infants. The level of oxygen saturation suggested as an indication to administer supplemental oxygen varied between <89% and <95%. We found significant reductions in the use of ribavirin, bronchodilators, and corticosteroids from 1995 to 2015 (ribavirin 57% to 13%,P<0.0001; bronchodilators 95% to 82%,P=0.0024; corticosteroids 81% to 45%,P<0.0001). Although variability in management remains high, encouragingly significantly fewer doctors are prescribing ribavirin, bronchodilators, and corticosteroids compared to 20 years ago.

Concerned About Ribavirin Recommendations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John F. Pope ◽  
James B. Besunder ◽  
Mary L. Kumar ◽  
Dennis M. Super
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated Patients ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Ventilated Patients

The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics recently published new guidelines for using ribavirin in treating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).1 In updating previous guidelines, the Committee, based on the study by Smith et al,2 added the recommendation that all RSV-infected patients who require mechanical ventilation should receive ribavirin. We believe the Committee's broad recommendation for using this drug in mechanically ventilated patients is premature. We have concerns about the Smith study that call into question their conclusions regarding the efficacy of ribavirin in mechanically ventilated children.

Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-874
Author(s):  
Melvin I. Marks ◽  
Caroline B. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
End Points ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Dr Zucker's letter describes concern about the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Infectious Diseases statement on the use of ribavirin for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections (Pediatrics 1993;92:501-504). The Committee developed its recommendations on the basis of the available placebo-controlled prospective double-blind studies. Although these studies contained relatively small numbers of patients, they were controlled and prospective, and all showed a favorable response. The variable course of RSV illnesses and the relatively low mortality rates make clinically meaningful end-points difficult to define and quantitate.

The Ribavirin Debate

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1002-1003
Author(s):  
Colin D. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Syncytial Virus

The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics, in its recent reassessment of the use of ribavirin (Virazole) in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, raises questions regarding the evidence supporting the drug's clinical effectiveness.1 The clinical utility of ribavirin was well-documented and endorsed in the Committee's 1993 recommendations.2 In the current statement, however, the Committee has emphasized that individual practitioners are in the best position to determine the appropriate use of ribavirin, based on the particular clinical situation and their own preference.

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