Liquid Biopsy &ndash; Possibilities for Monitoring&nbsp;the Therapeutic Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from malignancy worldwide. Its heterogeneity and tumour biology make treatment considerably more difficult. The introduction of target molecules heralded the beginning of the personalized medicine which tailors medical treatments to the molecular and genetic profile of a patient. Liquid biopsy is an innovative, non-invasive method which is used both for diagnostic purposes and for therapeutic monitoring. Liquid biopsy has the potential to help manage non-small cell lung cancer throughout all stages of this cancer: screening, detection of minimal residual disease to guide adjuvant treatment, early detection of relapse, systemic treatment initiation, monitoring of response to targeted or immune therapy, and the emergence of resistance to applied treatment. At present, the study of circulating tumour DNA is used in clinical practice, but circulating tumour cells, miRNAs, exosomes, and platelets formed in the tumour also show promising results.

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THE ROLE OF LIQUID BIOPSY IN THE CHOICE OF TACTICS FOR THE TREATMENT OF NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

Problems in oncology ◽

10.37469/0507-3758-2020-66-5-457-464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 457-464

Author(s):

Konstantin Laktionov ◽

A. Kazakov ◽

Kseniya Sarantseva ◽

Yelena Reutova ◽

A. Arzumanyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Liquid Biopsy ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Potential Applications

This article describes the potential uses of liquid biopsy for non-small cell lung cancer as a method for determining the mutational profile, as well as minimal residual disease after radical surgical treatment. This paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of this method compared to tissue biopsy. Presented potential applications of liquid biopsy to personalize treatment.

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77TiP From liquid biopsy to cure: Using CtDNA detection of minimal residual disease to identify patients for curative therapy after non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resection

Journal of Thoracic Oncology ◽

10.1016/s1556-0864(21)01919-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. S736

Author(s):

D.C. Kelly ◽

L.W. le ◽

J. Law ◽

T. Stockley ◽

T. Waddell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Minimal Residual Disease ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Liquid Biopsy ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Curative Therapy ◽

Minimal Residual

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Role of liquid biopsy for thoracic cancers immunotherapy

Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy ◽

10.37349/etat.2020.00012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 183-199

Author(s):

Raimondo Di Liello ◽

Flora Cimmino ◽

Soraya Simón ◽

Emilio Francesco Giunta ◽

Vincenzo De Falco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Liquid Biopsy ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Tissue Sample ◽

Small Cell ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Cancer Breast

Immunotherapy has shifted the therapeutic landscape in thoracic cancers. However, assessment of biomarkers for patient selection and disease monitoring remain challenging, especially considering the lack of tissue sample availability for clinical and research purposes. In this scenario, liquid biopsy (LB), defined as the study and characterization of biomarkers in body fluids, represents a useful alternative strategy. In other malignancies such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer or melanoma, the potential of LB has been more extensively explored for monitoring minimal residual disease or response to treatment, and to investigate mechanisms of resistance to targeted agents. Even if various experiences have already been published about the applications of LB in immunotherapy in thoracic cancers, the standardization of methodology and assessment of its clinical utility is still pending. In this review, the authors will focus on the applications of LB in immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and malignant pleural mesothelioma, describing available data and future perspectives.

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Exhaustive Review on Lung Cancers: Novel Technologies

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405615666181128124528 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 873-883

Author(s):

Sajad Khan ◽

Shahid Ali ◽

Muhammad

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Immune Therapy ◽

Small Cell ◽

X Rays ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Microscopic Appearance ◽

Lung Cancers ◽

Novel Technologies

Background:Lung cancers or (Bronchogenic-Carcinomas) are the disease in certain parts of the lungs in which irresistible multiplication of abnormal cells leads to the inception of a tumor. Lung cancers consisting of two substantial forms based on the microscopic appearance of tumor cells are: Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC) (80 to 85%) and Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (SCLC) (15 to 20%).Discussion:Lung cancers are existing luxuriantly across the globe and the most prominent cause of death in advanced countries (USA & UK). There are many causes of lung cancers in which the utmost imperative aspect is the cigarette smoking. During the early stage, there is no perspicuous sign/symptoms but later many symptoms emerge in the infected individual such as insomnia, headache, pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, coughing etc. Lung cancers can be diagnosed in many ways, such as history, physical examination, chest X-rays and biopsy. However, after the diagnosis and confirmation of lung carcinoma, various treatment approaches are existing for curing of cancer in different stages such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immune therapy. Currently, novel techniques merged that revealed advancements in detection and curing of lung cancer in which mainly includes: microarray analysis, gene expression profiling.Conclusion:Consequently, the purpose of the current analysis is to specify and epitomize the novel literature pertaining to the development of cancerous cells in different parts of the lung, various preeminent approaches of prevention, efficient diagnostic procedure, and treatments along with novel technologies for inhibition of cancerous cell growth in advance stages.

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Liquid Biopsy for Small Cell Lung Cancer either De Novo or Transformed: Systematic Review of Different Applications and Meta-Analysis

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13092265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2265

Author(s):

Elio Gregory Pizzutilo ◽

Martino Pedrani ◽

Alessio Amatu ◽

Lorenzo Ruggieri ◽

Calogero Lauricella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Liquid Biopsy ◽

De Novo ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Small Cell ◽

Genomic Profiling ◽

Small Cell Lung

Background: The potential added value of liquid biopsy (LB) is not well determined in the case of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), an aggressive tumor that can occur either de novo or from the histologic transformation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A systematic review of studies adopting LB in patients with SCLC have been performed to assess the clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Results: After a screening of 728 records, 62 studies (32 evaluating CTCs, 27 ctDNA, and 3 both) met predetermined eligibility criteria. Only four studies evaluated LB in the diagnostic setting for SCLC, while its prognostic significance was evaluated in 38 studies and prominently supported by both ctDNA and CTCs. A meta-analysis of 11 studies as for CTCs enumeration showed an HR for overall survival of 2.63 (1.71–4.05), with a potential publication bias. The feasibility of tumor genomic profiling and the predictive role of LB in terms of response/resistance to chemotherapy was assessed in 11 and 24 studies, respectively, with greater consistency for those regarding ctDNA. Intriguingly, several case reports suggest that LB can indirectly capture the transition to SCLC in NSCLC treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Conclusions: While dedicated trials are needed, LB holds potential clinical roles in both de novo and transformed SCLC. CtDNA analysis appears the most valuable and practicable tool for both disease monitoring and genomic profiling.

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Use of Liquid Biopsy in the Care of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Current Treatment Options in Oncology ◽

10.1007/s11864-021-00882-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Atocha Romero ◽

Roberto Serna-Blasco ◽

Virginia Calvo ◽

Mariano Provencio

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Liquid Biopsy ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung

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Current Status and Future Perspectives of Liquid Biopsy in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9010048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Patricia Mondelo-Macía ◽

Jorge García-González ◽

Luis León-Mateos ◽

Adrián Castillo-García ◽

Rafael López-López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Liquid Biopsy ◽

Small Cell ◽

New Drugs ◽

Current Status ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Tumor Biopsy ◽

Future Utility

Approximately 19% of all cancer-related deaths are due to lung cancer, which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) affects approximately 15% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer. SCLC is characterized by aggressiveness; the majority of SCLC patients present with metastatic disease, and less than 5% of patients are alive at 5 years. The gold standard of SCLC treatment is platinum and etoposide-based chemotherapy; however, its effects are short. In recent years, treatment for SCLC has changed; new drugs have been approved, and new biomarkers are needed for treatment selection. Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive, rapid, repeated and alternative tool to the traditional tumor biopsy that could allow the most personalized medicine into the management of SCLC patients. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are the most commonly used liquid biopsy biomarkers. Some studies have reported the prognostic factors of CTCs and cfDNA in SCLC patients, independent of the stage. In this review, we summarize the recent SCLC studies of CTCs, cfDNA and other liquid biopsy biomarkers, and we discuss the future utility of liquid biopsy in the clinical management of SCLC.

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Circulating Biomarkers of Response and Toxicity of Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Comprehensive Review

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13081794 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1794

Author(s):

Alice Indini ◽

Erika Rijavec ◽

Francesco Grossi

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Liquid Biopsy ◽

Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Small Cell ◽

Circulating Biomarkers ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Nsclc Patients

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed cell death (PD)-1 protein and its ligand, PD-L1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4, have revolutionized the management of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, only a small portion of NSCLC patients respond to these agents. Furthermore, although immunotherapy is usually well tolerated, some patients experience severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure involving the isolation of circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTC), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Thanks to recent advances in technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR), liquid biopsy has become a useful tool to provide baseline information on the tumor, and to monitor response to treatments. This review highlights the potential role of liquid biomarkers in the selection of NSCLC patients who could respond to immunotherapy, and in the identification of patients who are most likely to experience irAEs, in order to guide improvements in care.

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