The luring mantid: Protrusible pheromone glands in Stenophylla lobivertex (Mantodea: Acanthopidae)

The hitherto unknown pheromone gland of female Stenophylla lobivertex Lombardo, 2000, a poorly understood praying mantis distributed in the Neotropics, is described and figured. In contrast to other mantodeans, this species has a protrusible, bifurcated (Y-shaped) gland of 6 mm length. It is protracted by sexually receptive females during nighttime and only when undisturbed. The significance of this morphological and behavioral adaptation is discussed in light of the reproductive strategy of the species and its assumed rarity in the natural habitat.

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Morphology and ultrastructure of an intertergal pheromone gland in the abdomen of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Insecta, Hymenoptera): a potential source of sex pheromones

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z81-008 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Eric Hallberg ◽

Jan Löfqvist

Keyword(s):

Fat Body ◽

Cell Types ◽

Neodiprion Sertifer ◽

Pheromone Gland ◽

Pine Sawfly ◽

Potential Source ◽

Diprion Similis ◽

Glandular Cells ◽

Gland Duct ◽

Pheromone Glands

An abdominal intertergal gland of the sawfly Neodiprion sertifer was found in both sexes of the sawfly N. sertifer, which is in contrast with Diprion similis, in which the gland is known only from the female. The gland lies laterally on each side of tergite II in the fat body between the tergite wall and trachea and opens into the fold of the arthrodial membrane between tergites II and III. The emission of secretion from the gland is controlled by a muscle opening the gland duct. Expansion of the lateral trachea probably forces the secretion out of the gland's lumen.The intertergal gland is a typical insect epidermal pheromone gland formed by three cell types: glandular, ductule, and hypodermal cells. The glandular cells have microvilli-lined cavities surrounded by numerous mitochondria. From these cavities arise ductules, surrounded by ductule cells, merging into other ductules that open into the lumen of the gland. The hypodermal cells underlie the cuticular walls of the lumen. This scheme is now well-known from many insect species as typical of epidermal pheromone glands with a draining duct. Finally, the possible function of the intertergal gland's secretion is discussed.

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ABDOMINAL MUSCULATURE IN RELATION TO SEX PHEROMONE GLAND EVERSION IN FEMALES OF THREE SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent111817-7 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 111 (7) ◽

pp. 817-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jean Percy ◽

John A. George

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Trichoplusia Ni ◽

Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽

Pheromone Gland ◽

Additional Group ◽

Sex Pheromone Gland ◽

Form Part ◽

Relationship Of ◽

And Inversion ◽

Pheromone Glands

AbstractThe posterior apophyses in terminal abdominal segments of female moths form part of the sex pheromone gland in each of three species examined (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Tortricidae), Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Noctuidae), Orgyia leucosligma (J.E. Smith) (Lymantriidae)). Four groups of paired dorsolateral muscles are attached to the anterior or posterior apophysis and the integument. An additional group is attached to the anterior and posterior apophyses. The probable relationship of these muscles to the eversion, or protrusion, and inversion of sex pheromone glands is discussed.

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Predatory pollinator deception: Does the orchid mantis resemble a model species?

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/60.1.90 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 90-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

J.C. O’Hanlon ◽

G. I. Holwell ◽

M.E. Herberstein

Keyword(s):

Strong Evidence ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Specific Model ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Directional Selection ◽

Model Species ◽

Praying Mantis ◽

Pollinating Insects ◽

Model Mimicry

Abstract Cases of imperfect or non-model mimicry are common in plants and animals and challenge intuitive assumptions about the nature of directional selection on mimics. Many non-rewarding flower species do not mimic a particular species, but attract pollinators through ‘generalised food deception’. Some predatory animals also attract pollinators by resembling flowers, perhaps the most well known, yet least well understood, is the orchid mantis Hymenopus coronatus. This praying mantis has been hypothesised to mimic a flower corolla and we have previously shown that it attracts and captures pollinating insects as prey. Predatory pollinator deception is relatively unstudied and whether this occurs through model mimicry or generalised food deception in the orchid mantis is unknown. To test whether the orchid mantis mimics a specific model flower species we investigated similarities between its morphology and that of flowers in its natural habitat in peninsular Malaysia. Geometric morphometries were used to compare the shape of mantis femoral lobes to flower petals. Physiological vision models were used to compare the colour of mantises and flowers from the perspective of bees, flies and birds. We did not find strong evidence for a specific model flower species for the orchid mantis. The mantis’ colour and shape varied within the range of that exhibited by many flower petals rather than resembling one type in particular. We suggest that the orchid mantis resembles an average, or generalised flower-like stimulus. Thus predatory pollinator deception in the orchid mantis is likely to function as a form of generalised food deception, as opposed to model mimicry.

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SEX PHEROMONE BLEND OF THE PANDORA MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: SATURNIIDAE), AN OUTBREAK PEST IN PINE FORESTS (PINACEAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent132775-6 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 132 (6) ◽

pp. 775-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Steven McElfresh ◽

Xin Chen ◽

Darrell W. Ross ◽

Jocelyn G. Millar

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Field Trials ◽

Pine Forests ◽

Western United States ◽

Pheromone Gland ◽

Apparent Effect ◽

Hexadecyl Acetate ◽

Sex Pheromone Blend ◽

Pheromone Glands ◽

Pheromone Blend

AbstractThe female-produced sex pheromone blend of the pandora moth, Coloradia pandora pandora Blake, a pest responsible for periodic defoliation of pine forests in the western United States, has been identified. The pheromone consisted of a mixture of E10,Z12-hexadecadienal, E10,Z12-hexadecadienyl acetate, and E10,E12-hexadecadienyl acetate. All three components were essential for optimal attraction. E10,Z12-Hexadecadienol, tentatively identified in trace amounts in pheromone gland extracts, elicited strong responses from male antennae in coupled gas chromatography – electroantennogram analyses but had no apparent effect as a pheromone component at physiologically relevant levels. Hexadecanal, octadecanal, and hexadecyl acetate also were identified in extracts of female pheromone glands but elicited no responses from male antennae, nor did they appear to be components of the attractant blend. In field trials, each trap baited with the optimized three-component blend of E10,Z12-hexadecadienal, E10,Z12-hexadecadienyl acetate, and E10,E12-hexadecadienyl acetate captured an average of more than 40 male moths per night.

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Estimarea componenței feromonului sexual și determinarea ciclului de dezvoltare sezonieră a speciei Heiothis Armigera

10.53040/9789975347204.47 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tudor Nastas ◽

◽

Dina Elisovetcaia ◽

Valeria Cheptinari ◽

I. Rusu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Habitat ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Heliothis Armigera ◽

Sexual Cycle ◽

Native Population ◽

Asian Continent ◽

Republic Of Moldova ◽

The Republic ◽

Main Component ◽

Pheromone Glands

The antennae reaction of the males Heliothis armigera was estimated by means of the electroantenographic apparatus to the components obtained from the extract of the pheromone glands of the females. It was found that the main component (Z11-16Al) caused a well-pronounced reaction on the male antennae. It has been shown that the pheromone emitted by the females of the native population does not differ from the pheromone emitted by the females of the species Heliothis armigera, which lives in the geographical area of the Asian continent. The seasonal sexual cycle of the species Heliothis armigera was determined in the conditions of the natural habitat of the Republic of Moldova.

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Chemistry of the sex pheromone gland of the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea discovered in New Zealand

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4250 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 31-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A.M. El-Sayed ◽

AR. Gibb ◽

D.M. Suckling

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Sex Pheromone ◽

North American ◽

Trace Amount ◽

Pheromone Gland ◽

Hyphantria Cunea ◽

Native North American ◽

Sex Pheromone Gland ◽

Fall Webworm ◽

Pheromone Glands

The sex pheromone glands of two females of the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera Arctiidae) that were discovered in Auckland in March 2003 were extracted in hexane and were subjected to GCMS analysis Four compounds were identified (9Z12Z15Z)octadeca91215trienal (9Z12Z)octadeca912dienal (3Z6Z)9S10Rcisepoxyhenicosa36diene and (13Z6Z)9S10Rcis910epoxyhenicosa136triene The ratio of these four compounds in the gland extracts was 660627901 Except for a trace amount of the trienic epoxide detected in the New Zealand sample the ratio of the three other compounds was very similar to native North American females of this species A direct comparison between the synthetic commercial lure Nitolure and the sex pheromone gland of females found in New Zealand indicates that the sex pheromone gland contains significantly more of (3Z6Z)9S10Rcisepoxyhenicosa36diene than the synthetic lure while the lure lacks the trace amount of the trienic epoxide Therefore the effectiveness of Nitolure at trapping fall webworm in New Zealand remains uncertain

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Pheromone gland musculature in Phryganeidae: Structural features, postcopulatory modification and taxonomic significance

Zoosymposia ◽

10.11646/zoosymposia.5.1.24 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 319-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

STANISLAV I. MELNITSKY ◽

VLADIMIR D. IVANOV ◽

LYDIA V. ZUEVA

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Muscle Fibers ◽

Structural Features ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Pheromone Gland ◽

Taxonomic Significance ◽

Compound Structure ◽

Sternal Glands ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Pheromone Glands

Ultrastructure of the cells forming the sternal glands in males and both fertilized and virgin females of Phryganea bipunctata Retzius and Phryganea grandis L. has been studied by optical and transmission electron microscopy. The structures involved in the synthesis and excretion of pheromone mixtures consist of 4 types of cells: secretory, canal, muscle and epidermal. The secretory and canal cells form a compound structure where the secretory cells produce the secretion, while the canal cells form the conducting and receiving cuticular canals, which participate in conducting the secretion to the cavity of a cuticular reservoir. The cuticle of the reservoir is rough and has numerous folds. Muscle fibers are situated between the epidermal cells and the secretory cells in several layers, which are perpendicular to each other. The presence of muscle fibers in pheromone glands is in agreement with the eliciting of the droplets from the gland orifice in this family. The structure of muscle fibers changes in inseminated females: they become more loose and apparently non-functional. The ultrastructure of secretory cells of the pheromone glands evidences also the greater functional activity of these glands in females as compared to the cells of males. The presence of muscle fibers in the examined pheromone glands in Trichoptera suggests these structures to be a putative apomorphy of Phryganeidae.

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Effect of Iron Limitation on the Ultrastructure of Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100098551 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 410-411

Author(s):

L. P. Hardie ◽

D. L. Balkwill ◽

S. E. Stevens

Keyword(s):

Growth Medium ◽

Green Alga ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Iron Limitation ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Blue Green Alga ◽

Marine Cyanobacterium ◽

Natural Systems ◽

Thin Sectioning ◽

Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

Agmenellum quadruplicatum is a unicellular, non-nitrogen-fixing, marine cyanobacterium (blue-green alga). The ultrastructure of this organism, when grown in the laboratory with all necessary nutrients, has been characterized thoroughly. In contrast, little is known of its ultrastructure in the specific nutrient-limiting conditions typical of its natural habitat. Iron is one of the nutrients likely to limit this organism in such natural environments. It is also of great importance metabolically, being required for both photosynthesis and assimilation of nitrate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects (if any) of iron limitation on the ultrastructure of A. quadruplicatum. It was part of a broader endeavor to elucidate the ultrastructure of cyanobacteria in natural systemsActively growing cells were placed in a growth medium containing 1% of its usual iron. The cultures were then sampled periodically for 10 days and prepared for thin sectioning TEM to assess the effects of iron limitation.

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