Whole-Exome Sequencing of Esophageal Submucosal Gland Duct Adenocarcinoma

Purpose Esophageal submucosal gland duct adenocarcinoma (ESGDAC) is an extremely rare histological variant of esophageal epithelial malignant tumors. To date, only few cases of ESGDAC have been reported. No comprehensive molecular analysis of ESGDAC has been conducted. This study focusses on the whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify somatically acquired mutations and signatures of somatic mutations in ESGDAC. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 3 ESGDAC genomes.Results In this study, we summarized the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of patients with ESGDAC, we first performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to summarize WES coverage statistics for each patient. We also examined cancer predisposition genes, ESGDAC-associated driver genes, and significantly mutated genes (SMGs). WES revealed TP53 as a SMG in ESGDAC. Conclusion We studied the tumor mutation profiling for the development of future targeted therapies for ESGDAC.

Saliva and its potential in covid-19 cannot be ignored: a point of view

It has been demonstrated that salivary gland duct cells have similar receptors as ACE2-positive cells/keratin epithelial cells of the lung which have high potential to be infected by SARS-CoV 2 virus. The aerosols carrying virus have penetration into the healthy human body and lungs via inhalation through nose or mouth.

An Orthodontic Spring Coil and Soft Tissue Complication

This case report describes a scenario where a 14-year-old patient during orthodontic treatment at Solihull Hospital, West Midlands, presented with a rare soft tissue orthodontic complication. On routine examination, the spring coil from the orthodontic appliance was found to be located in the parotid gland duct. This was extracted by the oral and maxillofacial team at Solihull Hospital. The patient was followed post-operatively for any signs of sialadenitis, sialolithiasis and strictures. After 3 years of follow up, no post-operative complications were noted. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Soft tissue and orthodontic complications are common, usually due to trauma from sharp components. Clinicians should be aware of complications that can also occur.

Anal Gland/Duct Cyst: A Case Report

Anal gland/duct cyst (AGC) is rare and observed in only 0.05% of patients undergoing anal surgery. AGC is thought to be a retention cyst in the anal gland and arises when an obstruction of the anal duct causes fluid collection in the anal gland. We report a case of AGC in a 66-year-old woman without anal symptoms. Found by colonoscopy, the AGC was excised transanally. The histopathology of the specimen confirmed AGC. Colonoscopists should include AGC in the differential diagnosis of anal canal mass and rule out of malignancy. Excision is recommended for definitive diagnosis and treatment.

Intralesional Steroid Injection for Primary Chalazion in Adults

Background: Chalazion (Meibomian cyst) a chronic lipo-granulomatous inflammation seconday to retention of sebum caused by obstruction of Meibomian gland duct of unknown cause. It is manifested by localized painless swelling in upper or lower lid usually points towards conjunctival side of lid (to be differentiated from stye). Vary in presentation from a small painless nodule self-limiting to a painful lid swelling complicated by corneal astigmatism and mechanical ptosis. Treatment option in case 2ry infection is hot compresses and topical antibiotic and if large surgery excision (vertical incision into the tarsal gland from conjunctiva surface). Injection of steroid (Triamcinolone) inside Chalazion considered as alternative treatment option with high success rate particularly in patients where incision and curette is difficult to perform due to poor patient’s cooperation. Or risk of lacrimal passage injury when the lesion located near to it... The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection for the treatment of primary chalazion in adults. Methods: 24 adult Patients mean age 38.6 ± 13.2 years with primary chalazion subjected to intralesional triamcinolone injection as management of primary chalazion. 0.05 to 0.15mL of triamcinolone injected into the center of the chalazion transconjunctivally in three patients the eversion of the upper lid were difficult and the injection was given transcutaneous. Result: 15 females and 9 males were included in this study. right eye was more affected than the left side14/10 respectively in all cases chalazion locate in the upper lid, mean chalazion size 0.74 ± 0.4 mm², time for complete resolution of the chalazion17.5 ± 12.0 days. There were no significant complications reported from this procedure Conclusion: Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection for the treatment of primary chalazion in adult was effective and without any significant complications.