scholarly journals Pathogens co-transported with invasive non-native aquatic species: implications for risk analysis and legislation

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
Rachel Foster ◽  
Edmund Peeler ◽  
Jamie Bojko ◽  
Paul F. Clark ◽  
David Morritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Symbiotic Organisms ◽  
Legislative Processes

Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) can co-transport externally and internally other organisms including viruses, bacteria and other eukaryotes (including metazoan parasites), collectively referred to as the symbiome. These symbiotic organisms include pathogens, a small minority of which are subject to surveillance and regulatory control, but most of which are currently unscrutinized and/or unknown. These putatively pathogenetic symbionts can potentially pose diverse risks to other species, with implications for increased epidemiological risk to agriculture and aquaculture, wildlife/ecosystems, and human health (zoonotic diseases). The risks and impacts arising from co-transported known pathogens and other symbionts of unknown pathogenic virulence, remain largely unexplored, unlegislated, and difficult to identify and quantify. Here, we propose a workflow using PubMed and Google Scholar to systematically search existing literature to determine any known and potential pathogens of aquatic INNS. This workflow acts as a prerequisite for assessing the nature and risk posed by co-transported pathogens of INNS; of which a better understanding is necessary to inform policy and INNS risk assessments. Addressing this evidence gap will be instrumental to devise an appropriate set of statutory responsibilities with respect to these symbionts, and to underpin new and more effective legislative processes relating to the disease screening and risk assessment of INNS.

scholarly journals Pathogens co-transported with invasive non-native aquatic species: implications for risk analysis and legislation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Foster ◽  
Edmund Peeler ◽  
Jamie Bojko ◽  
Paul F. Clark ◽  
David Morritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Introduction Pathways ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Dispersal Corridor ◽  
Symbiotic Organisms ◽  
Legislative Processes

Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) can co-transport externally and internally other organisms including viruses, bacteria and other eukaryotes (including metazoan parasites), collectively referred to as the symbiome. These symbiotic organisms include pathogens, a small minority of which are subject to surveillance and regulatory control, but most of which are currently unscrutinised and/or unknown. The (putatively) pathogenic symbionts co-transported by an INNS host may be latent or associated with asymptomatic infection and unable to cause disease in the INNS, but may be opportunistic pathogens of other hosts, causing impact to one or more hosts in their new range. These pathogens potentially pose diverse risks to other species, with implications for increased epidemiological risk to agriculture and aquaculture, wildlife/ecosystems, and human health (zoonotic diseases). Aquatic INNS and their symbionts have many introduction pathways, including commodity and trade (releases, escapes, contaminant), transport (stowaway), and dispersal (corridor, unaided). The risks and impacts arising from co-transported pathogens, including other symbionts of unknown pathogenic virulence, remain largely unexplored, unlegislated, and difficult to identify and quantify. Here, we propose a workflow to determine any known and potential pathogens of aquatic INNS. This workflow acts as a prerequisite for assessing the nature and risk posed by co-transported symbionts of INNS. A better understanding of co-transported organisms, the risks they pose and their impact, is necessary to inform policy and INNS risk assessments. This leap in evidence will be instrumental to devise an appropriate set of statutory responsibilities with respect to these symbionts, and to underpin new and more effective legislative processes relating to the disease screening and risk assessment of INNS.

Invasive Aquatic Species

2018 ◽  
pp. 338-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Coetzee ◽  
Martin P. Hill ◽  
Andreas Hussner ◽  
Ana L. Nunes ◽  
Olaf L.F. Weyl
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Freshwater Invasions ◽  
Geographical Bias ◽  
Floating Macrophytes

Freshwater ecosystems are particularly susceptible to invasions by invasive non-native species (INNS) across a range of taxa, largely as a consequence of anthropogenic influences on these systems, with a number of ecological and socio-economic impacts. This chapter reviews freshwater invasive non-native species across the globe, focusing on fishes, invertebrates, floating macrophytes, and submerged macrophytes emphasising the knowledge gaps in particular that have resulted in biases inherent in assessments of freshwater invasions. These include an ecological bias because the majority of studies focus on terrestrial invasions; a geographical bias as most studies are focused on temperate northern hemisphere systems; and a taxon bias where fish invasions, populate the literature. This chapter highlights some of the approaches needed to survey, monitor, and manage INNS.

scholarly journals Impact of tiered restrictions on human activities and the epidemiology of the second wave of COVID-19 in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Manica ◽  
Giorgio Guzzetta ◽  
Flavia Riccardo ◽  
Antonio Valenti ◽  
Piero Poletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Epidemic Threshold ◽  
Residential Settings ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Tier System ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Regional Basis ◽  
Second Wave

To counter the second COVID-19 wave in autumn 2020, the Italian government introduced a system of physical distancing measures organized in progressively restrictive tiers (coded as yellow, orange, and red) and imposed on a regional basis according to epidemiological risk assessments. The individuals' attendance to locations outside the residential settings was progressively reduced with tiers, but less than during the national lockdown against the first COVID-19 wave in the spring. The reproduction number Rt decreased below the epidemic threshold in 85 out of 107 provinces after the introduction of the tier system, reaching average values of about 0.99, 0.89 and 0.77 in the yellow, orange and red tier, respectively. We estimate that the reduced transmissibility resulted in averting about 37% of the hospitalizations between November 5 and November 25, 2020. These results are instrumental to inform public health efforts aimed at preventing future resurgence of cases.

scholarly journals Composição arbórea do IFPB - Campus Cajazeiras

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (44) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Airton Danilo De Sousa Oliveira ◽  
Dafi Irenice De Abreu ◽  
George Da Cruz Silva ◽  
Sarahbelle Leitte Cartaxo Meneses
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Education Science ◽  
The City

Due to the growth of Cajazeiras in the last years, the city now has many university campuses, among them the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba (IFPB). Because of this growth in which the buildings take up the space of the vegetation, in conjunction with the necessity of the afforestation to mitigate the effects of the impacts on the environment, mainly the global warming, and to improve the living conditions in these places, this research underlines the identification and analysis of Cajazeiras campus’ afforestation. By the end of the research, it was possible to it was possible to determine the amount of trees in this campus, which adds up the number to 335 arboreal individuals. It was also pointed out that there is a predominance of exotic species, corresponding to a total of 78.14% of all arboreal individuals on campus. Since native species are a small minority, tree biodiversity is compromised, as exotic species predominate and there is a considerable percentage of invasive alien species.

scholarly journals Using social and physical variables to assess vulnerability of northwestern Montana lakes to illegal fish introductions

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 847 (14) ◽  
pp. 3055-3065
Author(s):  
Niall G. Clancy ◽  
Samuel L. Bourret
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Fish Introductions ◽  
Northwestern Montana ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract The spread of non-native fish species is a common problem in lakes and streams worldwide. Species that establish viable populations in a new environment can seriously deplete populations of native species and desired sportfishes. In some instances, extirpation of a native species has occurred. In western North America, the most common avenue by which non-native species invade new waterbodies is illegal stocking by anglers, aquaculturists, and others. Thus, preventing further illegal fish introductions is of the utmost importance for native aquatic species. Using data collected by state agency personnel from 1953 to 2015, we examined multiple social and physical variables to determine the factors that best explain which lakes in northwestern Montana had past illegal fish introductions. An equation using elevation, surrounding population, and fishing pressure was found to best fit the data. This equation was then used to calculate an index of the vulnerability of lakes within the region to future illegal fish introductions. The techniques used in this study have broad applicability that can be used in many regions with illegal fish introductions, and ultimately help to alleviate the problem.

scholarly journals Dengue in New Caledonia: Knowledge and Gaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Inizan ◽  
Arnaud Tarantola ◽  
Olivia O’Connor ◽  
Morgan Mangeas ◽  
Nicolas Pocquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Surveillance And Response ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Island Territory

Arboviruses are viruses transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquito vectors. Over the last decade, arbovirus circulation has increasingly been detected in New Caledonia (NC), a French island territory located in the subtropical Pacific region. Reliable epidemiological, entomological, virological and climate data have been collected in NC over the last decade. Here, we describe these data and how they inform arboviruses’ epidemiological profile. We pinpoint areas which remain to be investigated to fully understand the peculiar epidemiological profile of arbovirus circulation in NC. Further, we discuss the advantages of conducting studies on arboviruses dynamics in NC. Overall, we show that conclusions drawn from observations conducted in NC may inform epidemiological risk assessments elsewhere and may be vital to guide surveillance and response, both in New Caledonia and beyond.

Geographical isolation and invasion ecology

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Etherington
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
Invasion Ecology ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Cost Modelling ◽  
Geographical Characteristic

Isolation is a fundamental geographical characteristic that plays an important role in invasion ecology. However, risk mapping for established non-native species currently tends to ignore isolation, and instead focuses on the risk of population growth through the use of species distribution models. By focusing on how geographical isolation can be used to improve invasive species risk assessments this paper aims to: (i) provide a brief review of how methods to quantify isolation have developed, (ii) describe least-cost modelling as one approach to quantify isolation, (iii) promote catchment area mapping as a method of continuous isolation mapping that can improve invasive species risk assessments that may currently only consider risk from population growth, and (iv) discuss ways in which geographical isolation could be modified to control invasive species.

Assessing the Aquatic Plant Community within the Ross Barnett Reservoir, Mississippi

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Cox ◽  
Ryan M. Wersal ◽  
John D. Madsen ◽  
Patrick D. Gerard ◽  
Mary L. Tagert
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Liquid Copper ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Nonnative Species ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Floating Vegetation ◽  
Native Species Richness

AbstractAlligatorweed, waterhyacinth, and hydrilla are three nonnative aquatic species of concern in the Ross Barnett Reservoir near Jackson, MS. Point-intercept surveys were conducted on the reservoir from 2005 to 2010 to monitor native and nonnative species' distributions and assess herbicide treatment efficacy across the reservoir. Foliar applications of 2,4-D, glyphosate, imazapyr, and diquat were made during summer months for emergent and free-floating vegetation, whereas submersed applications of liquid copper and granular fluridone were applied in spring and late summer for subsurface hydrilla populations. American lotus is the native species that has been observed the most throughout the survey years, with occurrence frequencies averaging between 17 and 27%. Alligatorweed populations significantly decreased from 21% in 2005 to 4% in 2006; however, they consistently increased in the next 4 yr to 12% occurrence in 2010. Waterhyacinth occurrence has remained relatively constant over the study period, averaging below 10% occurrence. Hydrilla was discovered in the reservoir in late 2005 and has remained below 2% in frequency of occurrence since 2006. Suppression of these nonnative species has been attributed to rigorous monitoring and herbicide applications conducted on the reservoir since 2005. A logistic regression model indicated that as native species richness increased, the likelihood of a nonnative species occurring also increased.

scholarly journals First report of metacercariae of Cyathocotyle prussica parasitising a fish host in the Czech Republic, Central Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kvach ◽  
M. Ondračková ◽  
P. Jurajda
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Proterorhinus Semilunaris ◽  
Fish Hosts ◽  
First Time

Summary Examination of western tubenose goby (Proterorhinus semilunaris) from the River Dyje (Czech Republic, Danube basin) for metazoan parasites revealed the presence of metacercariae of Cyathocotyle prussica Mühling, 1896 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) in both muscle tissue and the peritoneal cavity. This is the first time that tubenose gobies have been reported as an intermediate host for C. prussica, and the first time that C. prussica metacercariae have been registered parasitising fish hosts in the Czech Republic. Here, we describe the morphology of metacercariae and five-day preadults, cultivated in vitro, and discuss the importance of recently established, non-native species as suitable hosts for this parasite.

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