scholarly journals Insights on the systematics and morphology of Humiriaceae (Malpighiales): androecial and extrafloral nectary variation, two new combinations, and a new Sacoglottis from Guyana

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 87-121
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Wurdack ◽  
Charles E. Zartman
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Extrafloral Nectary ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Eleven Species

Humiriaceae have had little recent comparative morphological study except for their distinctive fruits. We surveyed the diversity of stamen structures in the family with consideration of dehiscence patterns and the evolutionary transitions between tetra- and disporangiate anthers. Novel interpretations of floral morphology support new combinations (Duckesialiesneri K.Wurdack & C.E.Zartman, comb. nov. and Vantaneaspiritu-sancti K.Wurdack & C.E.Zartman, comb. nov.) for two species formerly in Humiriastrum. We investigated all eleven species of Sacoglottis for diagnostic features that may contribute to better species delimitations, and describe Sacoglottisperryi K.Wurdack & C.E.Zartman, sp. nov. as an endemic of the Pakaraima Mountains in western Guyana. Finally, our survey across Humiriaceae for extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) revealed their presence on leaves of all extant species as adaxial basilaminar and/or abaxial embedded glands, in addition to the frequent occurrence of marginal glandular setae. The significance of inter-generic variation in gland position and anther morphology within the family are discussed.

Tortonian Conidae of Crete. New species revealed under UV light. Subgenera Conus (Lautoconus), Conus (Plagioconus) and a possible new subgenus.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Psarras ◽  
Efterpi Koskeridou ◽  
Didier Merle
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
New Subgenus ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Eleven Species

<p>Conidae is a very diverse family of carnivorous gastropods with over 900 extant species, that present beautiful colour patterns. These patterns can be useful to biologists for the systematic approach, but lack usually in fossil samples, when they are only observed in natural light. Therefore conid species were difficult to distinguish.<br>To resolve that problem, we use ultraviolet light to reveal the colour patterns of these fossil shells. Here, we present the second part of a PhD project that attempts to clarify the diversity of the Tortonian Conidae from Crete, Greece. The first part of this project already revealed eleven species of <em>Conilithes</em> Swainson, 1840 and <em>Conus (Kalloconus)</em> da Motta, 1991 five of them being new. In the second part, we found seventeen species, of those seven are considered as new. Among them, ten are attributed to <em>Conus (Lautoconus)</em> Monterosato, 1923 and three in <em>Conus (Plagioconus)</em> Tucker & Tenorio, 2009. Finally, a group of four species with special characteristics is discussed and is proposed as a new subgenus.<br>This project will greatly enrich the knowledge of the family in  the Tortonian of Eastern Proto-Mediterranean. The results will be compared to similar faunas from the Middle-Miocene to Pliocene of Europe, in order to assess the biogeography of this family.</p>

scholarly journals A morphological study of vertebral centra in extant species of pike, Esox (Teleostei: Esociformes)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Sinjini Sinha ◽  
Don B Brinkman ◽  
Alison M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Early History ◽  
Vertebral Centra ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
History Of

            Isolated centra of members of the Esocidae occur frequently in vertebrate microfossil localities of Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene age and are an important source of data on the early history of the family. However, morphological variation along the vertebral column can lead to incorrect interpretations of diversity if they are not recognized. To facilitate the use of centra for interpreting the diversity and distribution of esocids in Cretaceous vertebrate microfossil localities, the variation along the column in five extant species of esocids is described. Comparison with Cretaceous centra referred to the Esocidae allows identification of a series of features in which species of Esox differ from basal members of the family. These include the presence of a mid-ventral groove bordered by a pair of low budges on centra in the anterior end of the column, and antero-lateral processes on the posterior abdominal and anterior caudal centra. These differences provide a basis for recognizing early occurrences of the genus Esox in the fossil record and thus will allow centra to be used to document the timing of origin of the genus.

scholarly journals Description and phylogenetic analysis of a new firefly genus from the Atlantic Rainforest, with five new species and new combinations (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Lampyrinae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 115-150
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe Lima da Silveira ◽  
André Silva Roza ◽  
Stéphanie Vaz ◽  
José Ricardo M. Mermudes
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Dorsal Plate ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eleven Species

Here, based on phylogenetic analyses of 18 taxa and 57 morphological characters, we propose a new firefly genus, Costalampysgen. nov., to accommodate eleven species. Five new species are herein described: C. bellasp. nov., C. capixabasp. nov., C delicatasp. nov. (designated as type species), C. joanaesp. nov. and C. minimasp. nov. In addition, six species are redescribed and transferred from other genera: C. bisbinotata (Pic) comb. nov., transferred from Platylampis Motschulsky; C. decorata (Olivier) comb. nov., transferred from Ethra Laporte; C. pauper (Olivier) comb. nov., transferred from Cladodes Solier; as well as C. klugii (Motschulsky) comb. nov., C. quadriguttata (Gorham) comb. nov., and C. tricolor (Gorham) comb. nov., transferred from Lucidota Laporte. Costalampysgen. nov. is tentatively placed in Lampyrinae, and is diagnosed by: antennae with 11 articles, III–X basally flabellate, lacking dense and upright bristles; clypeus connected to frons by membrane, pygidium rounded; sternum VIII mucronate; phallus with dorsal plate enlarged apically, projecting ventrally and partially embracing the internal sac. Our phylogenetic analyses supported both the monophyly of Costalampysgen. nov. and the new combinations proposed. However, the relationship among congeneric species was poorly resolved. Finally, we provide illustrations of diagnostic features, distribution maps, as well as a key to Costalampysgen. nov. species, based on males.

A REVISED GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF HYACINTHACEAE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, BASED ON MOLECULAR EVIDENCE, INCLUDING NEW COMBINATIONS AND THE NEW TRIBE PSEUDOPROSPEREAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. MANNING ◽  
P. GOLDBLATT ◽  
M. F. FAY
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
New Tribe ◽  
Sub Saharan

A revised generic synopsis of sub-Saharan Hyacinthaceae is presented, based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family. Generic rank is accorded only to reciprocally monophyletic clades that can be distinguished by recognizable morphological discontinuities, thereby permitting an appropriate generic assignment of species not included in the analysis. Three subfamilies are recognized within the region. Subfamily Ornithogaloideae, characterized by flattened or angular seeds with tightly adhering testa, is considered to include the single genus Ornithogalum, which is expanded to include the genera Albuca, Dipcadi, Galtonia, Neopatersonia and Pseudogaltonia. Recognizing any of these segregates at generic level renders the genus Ornithogalum polyphyletic, while subdivision of Ornithogalum into smaller, morphologically distinguishable segregates in order to preserve the monophyly of each is not possible. Subfamily Urgineoideae, characterized by flattened or winged seeds with brittle, loosely adhering testa, comprises the two mainland African genera Bowiea and Drimia. The latter is well circumscribed by its deciduous, short-lived perianth and includes the previously recognized genera Litanthus, Rhadamanthus, Schizobasis and Tenicroa. The monotypic Madagascan Igidia is provisionally included in the subfamily as a third genus on the basis of its seeds, pending molecular confirmation of its relationships. Subfamily Hyacinthoideae resolves into three clades, distinguished as tribes Hyacintheae (strictly northern hemisphere and not treated further), Massonieae and Pseudoprospereae tribus nov. Full descriptions and a key to their identification are provided for all genera. New combinations reflecting the generic circumscriptions adopted here are made for most African and all Indian and Madagascan species.

Three new cribrimorph bryozoans (order Cheilostomatida) from the early Miocene of Argentina, with a discussion on spinocystal shield morphologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Juan López-Gappa ◽  
Leandro M. Pérez ◽  
Ana C.S. Almeida ◽  
Débora Iturra ◽  
Dennis P. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Subjective Synonym

Abstract Bryozoans with calcified frontal shields formed by the fusion of costae, collectively constituting a spinocyst, are traditionally assigned to the family Cribrilinidae. Today, this family is regarded as nonmonophyletic. In the Argentine Cenozoic, cribrilinids were until recently represented by only two fossil species from the Paleocene of Patagonia. This study describes the first fossil representatives of Jolietina and Parafigularia: J. victoria n. sp. and P. pigafettai n. sp., respectively. A fossil species of Figularia, F. elcanoi n. sp., is also described. The material comes from the early Miocene of the Monte León and Chenque formations (Patagonia, Argentina). For comparison, we also provide redescriptions of the remaining extant species of Jolietina: J. latimarginata (Busk, 1884) and J. pulchra Canu and Bassler, 1928a. The systematic position of some species previously assigned to Figularia is here discussed. Costafigularia n. gen. is erected, with Figularia pulcherrima Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001 as type species. Two species previously assigned to Figularia are here transferred to Costafigularia, resulting in C. jucunda n. comb. and C. tahitiensis n. comb. One species of Figularia is reassigned to Vitrimurella, resulting in V. ampla n. comb. The family Vitrimurellidae is here reassigned to the superfamily Cribrilinoidea. The subgenus Juxtacribrilina is elevated to genus rank. Inferusia is regarded as a subjective synonym of Parafigularia. Parafigularia darwini Moyano, 2011 is synonymized with I. taylori Kuklinski and Barnes, 2009, resulting in Parafigularia taylori n. comb. Morphological data suggest that these genera comprise different lineages, and a discussion on the disparities among cribrilinid (sensu lato) spinocysts is provided. UUID: http://zoobank.org/215957d3-064b-47e2-9090-d0309f6c9cd8

scholarly journals Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 71. New synonyms, new names and new combinations in Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamas Pócs ◽  
Rui-Liang Zhu ◽  
Elena Reiner-Drehwald ◽  
Lars Söderström ◽  
Anders Hagborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Plants ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Land

For the coming checklist of hornworts and liverworts (Söderström et al., in press) a few validations, transfers and synonymizations in the family Lejeuneaceae are still required. 

Review of Eohiodon (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha) from western North America, with a phylogenetic reassessment of Hiodontidae

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Guo-Qing ◽  
Mark V. H. Wilson ◽  
Lance Grande
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

Review of recently collected material of Eohiodon from North America suggests that there are two valid species, E. rosei (Hussakof) and E. woodroffi Wilson. Eohiodon falcatus Grande is identical to E. woodruffi in known skeletal features and nearly all meristic features and is treated as a junior synonym of the latter. The fossil genus Eohiodon Cavender differs from Hiodon Lesueur, which is known from both fossil and extant species, in numerous meristic and osteological features. The caudal skeleton in Eohiodon is nearly identical to that in Hiodon.The traditionally accepted Notopteroidei, containing Lycopteridae, Hiodontidae, and Notopteridae, is a polypheletic group. The Asian fossil family Lycopteridae is not more closely related to Hiodontidae than it is to other taxa in the Osteoglossomorpha, but is sister to all other Osteoglossomorpha. The Hiodontiformes sensu stricto, including only the family Hiodontidae, is the sister-group of the Osteoglossiformes. This family is not more closely related to notopterids than to other taxa in Osteoglossiformes. The Notopteridae are most closely related to the Mormyroidea; together they and the fossil family Ostariostomidae constitute the sister-group of the Osteoglossoidei.Fossil records of Hiodontiformes sensu stricto and Notopteroidei indicate a widespread pre-Neogene biogeographic range of these freshwater teleosts, suggesting that extinction must have been involved in the Cenozoic evolution of these two osteoglossomorph sublineages.

The Xerulaceae (Basidiomycetes), a family with sarcodimitic tissues

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1551-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Redhead
Keyword(s):  
New Combinations ◽  
Apparent Loss ◽  
The Family

The taxonomic value of the presence of sarcodimitic tissues and derived tissues in the agarics was investigated. Basidiomata of only 15 genera of 153 agaric and bolete genera surveyed had sarcodimitic tissues. The family, the Xerulaceae, is recognized for these 15 lamellate, sarcodimitic genera along with 1 genus exhibiting modified tissues and 2 closely allied genera apparently lacking sarcodimitic tissues. It is hypothesized that they evolved convergently and then in parallel with members of the Tricholomataceae. Taxonomic difficulties arising from the apparent loss of the sarcodimitic tissues in evolutionarily advanced taxa within the Xerulaceae, such as Mycena and Xerula, are discussed. Antibiotics with an (E)-β-methoxyacrylate moiety (strobilurins, oudemansin), which are potentially useful against cancer, with one possible exception are found only in a number of genera with sarcodimitic or derived tissues currently assigned to the Xerulaceae. Two new combinations are proposed: Cystolepiota pusillomyces (Peck) comb.nov. and Floccularia albolanaripes (Atk.) comb.nov.

Sinalliaria, a new genus of Brassicaceae from eastern China, based on morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Ying Zhou ◽  
HONG-WEI ZHANG ◽  
JIANG-QIN HU ◽  
Xiao-Feng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Seed Testa

Sinalliaria is described here as a new genus of the family Brassicaceae from eastern China, based on the morphological characters and molecular sequences. Sinalliaria differs from the related genus Orychophragmus in having basal leaves petiolate, simple or rarely with 1‒3 lateral lobes (not pinnatisect); cauline leaves petiolate, cordate at base (not sessile, auriculate or amplexicaul at base); petals obovate to narrowly obovate, claw inconspicuous (not broadly obovate, with a claw as along as sepal); siliques truncate (not long-beaked) at apex. The microscopic characters of seed testa also show significant differences between Sinalliaria and Orychophragmus. Phylogenetic evidence from DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid region trnL-trnF indicates that Sinalliaria is a distinct group related to Orychophragmus and Raphanus, but these three genera do not form a clade. The new genus Sinalliaria is endemic to eastern China and has only one species and one variety. The new combinations, S. limprichtiana (Pax) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang and S. limprichtiana var. grandifolia (Z. X. An) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang are proposed here.

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