scholarly journals Systematics of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Proceratiinae) in China – with descriptions of three new species based on micro-CT enhanced next-generation-morphology

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 137-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Staab ◽  
Francisco Hita Garcia ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Zheng-Hui Xu ◽  
Evan P. Economo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Still Images ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Worker Caste ◽  
Taxonomic System

The genusProceratiumRoger, 1863 contains cryptic, subterranean ants that are seldom sampled and rare in natural history collections. Furthermore, mostProceratiumspecimens are extremely hairy and, due to their enlarged and curved gaster, often mounted suboptimally. As a consequence, the poorly observable physical characteristics of the material and its scarcity result in a rather challenging alpha taxonomy of this group. In this study, the taxonomy of the ChineseProceratiumfauna is reviewed and updated by combining examinations of traditional light microscopy with x-ray microtomography (micro-CT). Based on micro-CT scans of seven out of eight species, virtual 3D surface models were generated that permit in-depth comparative analyses of specimen morphology in order to overcome the difficulties to examine physical material ofProceratium. Eight Chinese species are recognized, of which three are newly described:ProceratiumbruelheideiStaab, Xu & Hita Garcia,sp. n.andP.kepingmaisp. n.belong to theP.itoiclade and have been collected in the subtropical forests of southeast China, whereasP.shoheisp. n.belongs to theP.stictumclade and it is only known from a tropical forest of Yunnan Province.ProceratiumnujiangenseXu, 2006syn. n.is proposed as a junior synonym ofP.zhaoiXu, 2000. These taxonomic acts raise the number of known ChineseProceratiumspecies to eight. In order to integrate the new species into the existing taxonomic system and to facilitate identifications, an illustrated key to the worker caste of all Chinese species is provided, supplemented by species accounts with high-resolution montage images and still images of volume renderings of 3D models based on micro-CT. Moreover, cybertype datasets are provided for the new species, as well as digital datasets for the remaining species that include the raw micro-CT scan data, 3D surface models, 3D rotation videos, and all light photography and micro-CT still images. These datasets are available online (Dryad, Staab et al. 2018, http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h6j0g4p).

scholarly journals Revision of the Highly Specialized Ant Genus Discothyrea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropics with X-Ray Microtomography and 3D Cybertaxonomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Hita-Garcia ◽  
Ziv Lieberman ◽  
Tracy L Audisio ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Evan P Economo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Ct Data

Abstract Discothyrea Roger, 1863 is a small genus of proceratiine ants with remarkable morphology and biology. However, due to cryptic lifestyle, Discothyrea are poorly represented in museum collections and their taxonomy has been severely neglected. We perform the first comprehensive revision of Discothyrea in the Afrotropical region through a combination of traditional and three-dimensional (3D) cybertaxonomy based on microtomography (micro-CT). Species diagnostics and morphological character evaluations are based on examinations of all physical specimens and virtual analyses of 3D surface models generated from micro-CT data. Additionally, we applied virtual dissections for detailed examinations of cephalic structures to establish terminology based on homology for the first time in Discothyrea. The complete datasets comprising micro-CT data, 3D surface models and videos, still images of volume renderings, and colored stacked images are available online as cybertype datasets (Hita Garcia et al. 2019, http://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3qm4183). We define two species complexes (D. oculata and D. traegaordhi complexes) and revise the taxonomy of all species through detailed illustrated diagnostic character plates, a newly developed identification key, species descriptions, and distribution maps. In total, we recognize 20 species; of which, 15 are described as new. We also propose D. hewitti Arnold, 1916 as junior synonym of D. traegaordhi Santschi, 1914 and D. sculptior Santschi, 1913 as junior synonym of D. oculata Emery, 1901. Also, we designate a neotype for D. traegaordhi to stabilize its status and identity, and we designate a lectotype for D. oculata. The observed diversity and endemism are discussed within the context of Afrotropical biogeography and the oophagous lifestyle.

scholarly journals Soft Tissue Stability around Single Implants Inserted to Replace Maxillary Lateral Incisors: A 3D Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Mangano ◽  
F. Luongo ◽  
G. Picciocchi ◽  
C. Mortellaro ◽  
K. B. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Lateral Incisor ◽  
Engineering Software ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Immediate Placement ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
3D Evaluation

Purpose. To evaluate the soft tissue stability around single implants inserted to replace maxillary lateral incisors, using an innovative 3D method.Methods. We have used reverse-engineering software for the superimposition of 3D surface models of the dentogingival structures, obtained from intraoral scans of the same patients taken at the delivery of the final crown (S1) and 2 years later (S2). The assessment of soft tissues changes was performed via calculation of the Euclidean surface distances between the 3D models, after the superimposition of S2 on S1; colour maps were used for quantification of changes.Results. Twenty patients (8 males, 12 females) were selected, 10 with a failing/nonrestorable lateral incisor (testgroup: immediate placement in postextraction socket) and 10 with a missing lateral incisor (controlgroup: conventional placement in healed ridge). Each patient received one immediately loaded implant (Anyridge®, Megagen, Gyeongbuk, South Korea). The superimposition of the 3D surface models taken at different times (S2 over S1) revealed a mean (±SD) reduction of 0.057 mm (±0.025) and 0.037 mm (±0.020) fortestandcontrolpatients, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.069).Conclusions. The superimposition of the 3D surface models revealed an excellent peri-implant soft tissue stability in both groups of patients, with minimal changes registered along time.

scholarly journals Three new species of Leptanilloides Mann from Andean Ecuador (Formicidae: Leptanilloidinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1201 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID A. DONOSO ◽  
JUAN M. VIEIRA ◽  
ALEXANDER L. WILD
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Generic Diagnosis ◽  
Army Ant ◽  
First Case ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Worker Caste

We report three new species of the ant genus Leptanilloides from Andean Ecuador. Leptanilloides nomada sp. n. and L. caracola sp. n. are described from the worker caste, the latter from a unique specimen; L. nubecula sp. n. is described from workers, males, and two gyne subcastes previously unknown for the entire subfamily. Phenotypic variation in morphological characters in the new species L. nomada and L. nubecula is more plastic than suggested by the traditional generic diagnosis. These records represent the first case of three Leptanilloides species occurring in sympatry. We discuss aspects of the army ant syndrome and its relevance to the genus Leptanilloides.Tres nuevas especies del género de hormigas Leptanilloides son descritas a partir de especimenes encontrados en Los Andes ecuatorianos. Leptanilloides nomada sp. n. y L. caracola sp. n. son descritas en base a obreras, ésta última es descrita a partir de un sólo espécimen. L. nubecula sp. n. es descrita en base a obreras, machos y dos subcastas de ginas previamente desconocidas para toda la subfamilia. La variación fenotípica encontrada en algunos caracteres morfológicos de las nuevas especies L. nomada y L. nubecula es más plástica de lo que sugiere la diagnosis genérica tradicional. Estos registros constituyen el primer ejemplo de tres especies de Leptanilloides viviendo en simpatría. Discutimos aspectos del síndrome de las hormigas legionarias y su aplicación al género Leptanilloides.

A review of the taxonomy and osteology of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group (Anura: Microhylidae) from Madagascar, with comments on the value of volume rendering of micro-CT data to taxonomists

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4273 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK D. SCHERZ ◽  
OLIVER HAWLITSCHEK ◽  
FRANCO ANDREONE ◽  
ANDOLALAO RAKOTOARISON ◽  
MIGUEL VENCES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Volume Rendering ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Surface Rendering ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Group Relationships

Over the last three years, three new species of saw-browed diamond frogs (Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group)—a clade of cophyline microhylid frogs native to northern and eastern Madagascar—have been described. We here review the taxonomy of these frogs based on a new multi-gene phylogeny of the group, which confirms its monophyly but is insufficiently resolved to clarify most intra-group relationships. We confirm Rhombophryne guentherpetersi (Guibé, 1974) to be a member of this group, and we re-describe it based on its type series and newly collected material; the species is characterised by small superciliary spines (overlooked in its original description), as well as large tibial glands and an unusually laterally compressed pectoral girdle. We go on to describe two new species of this group from northern Madagascar: both R. diadema sp. nov. from the Sorata Massif and R. regalis sp. nov. from several sites in the northeast of the island possess three superciliary spines, but they are characterised by several subtle morphological and osteological differences. The new species are separated from all known congeners by an uncorrected pairwise distance of at least 5.1% in a ca. 550 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. In order to highlight the significance of the skeleton in the taxonomy of this group, we provide a detailed description of its generalized osteology based on volume-rendered micro-CT scans of all described members, revisiting already-described skeletons of some species, and describing the skeletons of R. guentherpetersi, R. coronata, and the new taxa for the first time. Use of volume rendering, instead of surface rendering of micro-CT data, resulted in some discrepancies due to the properties of each method. We discuss these inconsistencies and their bearing on the relative value of surface and volume rendering in the taxonomist’s toolkit. We argue that, while surface models are more practical for the reader, volumes are generally a more objective representation of the data. Thus, taxonomic description work should be based on volume rendering when possible, with surface models presented as an aid to the reader. 

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the Sculpture Surface in the Process of Optical 3D Scanning

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Scanning Process ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Object Material ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Inverse Distance

Currently, 3D scanning technology is used for high-precision measurements and fixing the geometric shape of various objects. However, when creating a computer 3D-model as a result of processing the array of data obtained from the scanning process, may contain errors. Errors may related to the features of the studied object (material, weight, size, location), functional properties of the software used or they may be the low qualification of the software engineer involved in processing 3D scan data. The task of this work was a finding the technical solutions, which allows one to reconstruct the objects surface, recorded using 3D scanning in the process of creating their computer 3D models. We proposed to use the inverse distance method, which is used in biometry to improve the quality of reconstruction of the 3D surface of a human face. Experiments have shown that the result of the reconstruction makes it possible to increase the accuracy of creating 3D models by recovering gaps in the surface of an object that were made during the 3D scanning process. The proposed approach allows one to construct a 3D surface without solving the triangulation problem, which leads to a reduction in computational costs.

scholarly journals First records and three new species of the family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Thailand, and the circumscription of the genus Crassignatha Wunderlich, 1995

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
pp. 21-53
Author(s):  
Francisco Andres Rivera-Quiroz ◽  
Booppa Petcharad ◽  
Jeremy A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Three New Species

The family Symphytognathidae is reported from Thailand for the first time. Three new species: Anapistula choojaiaesp. nov., Crassignatha seeliamsp. nov., and Crassignatha seedamsp. nov. are described and illustrated. Distribution is expanded and additional morphological data are reported for Patu shiluensis Lin & Li, 2009. Specimens were collected in Thailand between July and August 2018. The newly described species were found in the north mountainous region of Chiang Mai, and Patu shiluensis was collected in the coastal region of Phuket. DNA sequences are provided for all the species here studied. The relations of these symphytognathid species were tested using previously published phylogenetic analyses on micro orb-weavers. Also, we used micro CT analysis to build 3D models of the male genitalia and somatic characters of two species of Crassignatha Wunderlich, 1995. The molecular phylogeny and 3D models were used to discuss the taxonomy and circumscription of the currently valid symphytognathid genera, with focus on Crassignatha and Patu Marples, 1951. Based on this, three new combinations are suggested: Crassignatha bicorniventris (Lin & Li, 2009), comb. nov., Crassignatha quadriventris (Lin & Li, 2009), comb. nov., and Crassignatha spinathoraxi (Lin & Li, 2009), comb. nov. A new record of Crassignatha danaugirangensisMiller et al. 2014 is reported from Brunei.

scholarly journals Revision of the elusive ant genus Rhopalomastix (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Thailand based on morphology and DNA barcodes, with descriptions of three new species

2021 ◽  
Vol 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Y. Wang ◽  
Gordon W.J. Yong ◽  
Weeyawat Jaitrong
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Cluster ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Worker Caste ◽  
Actual Prevalence

The actual prevalence and diversity of the elusive Asian ant genus Rhopalomastix Forel, 1900 in Southeast Asia are largely unknown; only two named species were previously known from Thailand. Following substantial newly-collected museum material made available, we used a combined approach based on morphology and complementary DNA evidence to revise the genus in Thailand. Specimens were sorted to putative species by objective clustering of short fragment (313 bp) COI barcodes, after which specimens of each molecular cluster were morphologically examined. With morphology and supporting genetic evidence, we recognize five species of Rhopalomastix in Thailand, including three species new to science: R. impithuksai Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov., R. parva Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov., and R. robusta Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov. Different castes and sexes are described for most species where available. Descriptions of the two extant described species – R. javana Wheeler, 1929 and R. johorensis Wheeler, 1929 – are also revised, taking into account observations from the additional material. A key to Thai species based on the worker caste, with the three new species included, is further provided.

scholarly journals The Ant GenusDorymyrmexMayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) in Colombia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Cuezzo ◽  
Roberto J. Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Graphical View ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Worker Caste

The aim of this paper is to actualize the taxonomy ofDorymyrmex, by addressing problems at both the genus and the species levels. We also explore the taxonomy and distribution ofDorymyrmexin Colombia. We list, diagnose, and key nine species in the country, including three new species:Dorymyrmex amazonicusn. sp. Cuezzo & Guerrero,Dorymyrmex xerophylusn. sp. Cuezzo & Guerrero, andDorymyrmex tuberosusn. sp. Cuezzo & Guerrero. We provide a detailed description of these new species based on the worker caste and, where possible, other castes. All localities whereDorymyrmexwas collected or cited in the literature were mapped to provide a graphical view of its range.

scholarly journals Review of the genus Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Hong Kong with the description of three new species and the addition of five native and four introduced species records

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
pp. 1-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kit Lam Tang ◽  
Mac P. Pierce ◽  
Benoit Guénard
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
New Records ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Worker Caste ◽  
First Time

The species of the ant genusStrumigenysSmith, 1860 found in Hong Kong are reviewed based on new sampling efforts performed over the past five years (2014–2018). Prior to this, 12Strumigenysspecies had been recorded from Hong Kong, all confirmed here. Moreover, we add to this list three newly described species:S.hirsutasp. n.,S.lantauisp. n., andS.nathistorisocsp. n., and describe for the first time the worker caste ofS.formosaTerayama, Lin & Wu, 1995. We report new records for nine additional species, bringing the total number of species to 24, including four newly recorded species (S.hexameraBrown, 1958,S.membraniferaEmery, 1869,S.nepalensisBaroni Urbani and De Andrade, 1994, andS.rogeriEmery, 1890) which are considered to be introduced to Hong Kong. A global review of the introducedStrumigenysspecies is presented. The taxonomic validity ofS.feaeandS.formosensisis discussed in light of new specimen measurements. New ecological information on the swarming periods of 11 species is presented on the basis of year-long sampling of aerial insects. Finally, the importance of our results within Southeast Asia and the need for future sampling efforts in the region is discussed.

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