Domains in the Encyclopedic Semantics of some English and Arabic Equivalent Culture-Specific Words

The present study aims at finding interpretations for some inquiries in the field of encyclopedic semantics. It is an academic reflection of language exchange between English and Arabic which is one of the most prevalent interests of the recent cognitive linguistic researches. Particularly, it analyzes the way culture-specific words of two different languages can comparatively be understood. The single-method is adopted for the methodological approach of the study. The data collection is conducted according to a content analysis by extracting some CSWs that are referred to in some comparative culture-specific studies of English and Arabic. It is found that (1) there can be more than one domain matrix for equivalent CSWs; (2) the exact comparison between CSWs lies in the profile-base organization (3) the two or multi-dimensional domains are configurational; (4) the culture-specific standards locate the diversity between the domain matrixes of equivalent CSWs. Some key conclusions to draw is that (1) the domain matrix of a CSW depends on to the culture-specific norms; (2) the distinctive point of the tripartite (profile, base and concept) is the profile rather than the base; (3) image-schematic domains indicate the object material domains; (4) culture-specific norms are affected by religious and historical factors which control the inventory knowledge for the CSWs.

Performance of Mobile LiDAR in Real Road Driving Conditions

The performance of LiDAR sensors deteriorates under adverse weather conditions such as rainfall. However, few studies have empirically analyzed this phenomenon. Hence, we investigated differences in sensor data due to environmental changes (distance from objects (road signs), object material, vehicle (sensor) speed, and amount of rainfall) during LiDAR sensing of road facilities. The indicators used to verify the performance of LiDAR were numbers of point cloud (NPC) and intensity. Differences in the indicators were tested through a two-way ANOVA. First, both NPC and intensity increased with decreasing distance. Second, despite some exceptions, changes in speed did not affect the indicators. Third, the values of NPC do not differ depending on the materials and the intensity of each material followed the order aluminum > steel > plastic > wood, although exceptions were found. Fourth, with an increase in rainfall, both indicators decreased for all materials; specifically, under rainfall of 40 mm/h or more, a substantial reduction was observed. These results demonstrate that LiDAR must overcome the challenges posed by inclement weather to be applicable in the production of road facilities that improve the effectiveness of autonomous driving sensors.

Conservation through knowledge: the case study of Parma Botanic Garden

In the restoration field it is well known that the preservation of cultural heritage stands on a deep comprehension of the architectural object, material expression of a complex system made of cultural, technological, historical, social and economic issues. The knowledge of such meaningful structures requires the identification of both typological features and peculiar characteristics, within an interactive dialogue between contributions from different disciplines. Thus, the study of existing buildings is a complex process that needs to be planned: that means conceived, organized and realized with a critical method. The paper aims to show an example of this approach by presenting the knowledge path followed for the analysis of the Botanic Garden in Parma, Italy. This green area is located in the south of the city and hosts several buildings including the school of botany and the elegant greenhouse, built at the end of the 18th century. Recently, the restoration of the architectural complex has been proposed, aiming at its valorisation. The design process was supported by the studies and the analysis of the existing buildings carried out by the research group in Restoration of the University of Parma. In the specific, the constructive phases have been investigated through historical archive researches whereas the current structural systems have been studied through the geometric survey. Moreover, in-situ inspections allowed to define materials, deepening the knowledge of structural elements and their state of conservation. Finally, the survey of the crack pattern and decay allows to highlight vulnerabilities and mechanisms of collapse. In this way, it has been possible to understand the architectural structure thanks to the comparison between all data collected. On the other hand, in order to respect the historical construction, these analyses are required to reach a satisfying level of detail with the minimum action on the material construction, preferring non-destructive investigations. This approach entails assumptions and uncertainties that could be managed thanks to a critical interpretation of the results. Thus, the case study of Parma Botanic Garden shows the importance of planning the knowledge path with awareness in order to progressively deepen the comprehension with an interactive dialogue between the architectural object and the restoration issue.

FORMATION OF EMOTIONAL DECENTRATION IN PRESCHOOLERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF A ROLE-PLAYING GAME

Statement of the problem. Based on the analysis of research by Russian authors, the article outlines the problem of the formation of emotional decentration in preschool children and the importance of play in this process. The purpose of the article is to identify the relationship between the formation of a role-playing game and the formation of emotional decentration. The research methodology is based on the cultural and historical concept of L.S. Vygotsky, as well as the theory of the activity by A.N. Leontiev; in the course of the study, the following methodology was applied: analysis of theoretical sources on formation of the emotional sphere of a preschooler and development of role-playing games; standardized observation of the progress of specially organized games; ascertaining experiment to determine the level of emotional decentration in preschoolers; formative experiment; qualitative and quantitative data analysis; comparative analysis of data using the statistical Student’s t-test. The significance level is p = 0.05. Research results. In the course of the study, our hypothesis was confirmed: such conditions for role-playing games as providing preschoolers with the opportunity to create and transform the play space with the help of unformed object material, adults acceptance of the position as a play partner contribute to the internal and external dynamics of the game, which, in turn, affects the progress in the development of emotional decentration in preschool children. Conclusion. In this paper, the features of emotional development of preschool age were described, the concept of emotional decentration from the point of view of different authors was considered, and the process of the development of play in preschool age was described. A scheme has been developed to determine the level of emotional decentration in preschoolers. In this scheme, three levels of formation of emotional decentration in children 4-6 years old are identified (relative to three criteria as indicators of emotional decentration): high, medium and low. A diagnostic game procedure “Wishes of a Fairy-Tale Character” has been developed, which can be used to identify the level of formation of emotional decentration. A scheme for analyzing the internal and external dynamics of a role-playing game has been developed.

Lensless Reflection Imaging of Obliquely Illuminated Objects I: Choosing a Domain for Phase Retrieval and Ptychography

Ptychography is a lensless imaging technology that is validated from hard X-rays to terahertz spectral range. It is most attractive for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-rays as optical elements are expensive and often not available. Typically, the set up involves coherently illuminated object that directs the scattered radiation normally to detector which is parallel to the object plane. Computer processing of diffraction patterns obtained when scanning the object gives the image, more precisely, the distribution of intensity and phase on its surface. However, this scheme is inefficient for EUV and X-rays due to poor reflectivity and low penetration in all materials. Reflection mode ptychography solves the problem if illumination angles do not exceed the critical angle of object material. Changing the geometry of experiment changes physical and mathematical model of image formation. Including: diffraction integral describing beam propagation from object to detector, inverse problem, optimization of object illumination angle, position and orientation of detector, choosing size and grid of coordinate and frequency computer domains. This paper considers the wavefield scattered to detector by obliquely illuminated object and determines a domain for processing of obtained scans. Solution of inverse problem with phase retrieval and resulting numerical images will be presented in the next paper.

TITIK TEMU SUFISME DAN PSIKOLOGI; KAJIAN ATAS QS. AL-FAJR: 27-30

The problem that this paper would like to answer is whether there are similarities between sufism and psychology in the discussion of soul. So far, sufism is known on the purification of the soul as its material object. To examine the soul, I observe the interpretation of Q.S al-Fajr verses 27-30. The method used is the tahlili method. This means to know how Islam understands the soul then to relate it with the explanation of soul according to psychology. Based on the results of this study, I reveal that there is a meeting point between sufism and psychology. Referring to the poems of Ibn Athailah al-Iskandari, I see similarities between him and secular psychologists such as Aristotle and Plato. I also conclude that considering the soul as their common object material. (Permasalahan yang akan dijawab dalam tulisan ini yaitu apakah terdapat persamaan antara sufisme dan psikologi dalam pembahasan kejiwaan. Selama ini sufisme yang dikenal dengan penyucian diri menjadikan jiwa sebagai obyek materialnya. Untuk mengkaji jiwa, penulis melihat penafsiran Q.S al-Fajr ayat 27 – 30 dengan metode tahlili. Ini dimaksudkan untuk melihat pemahaman Islam terhadap jiwa kemudian mengaitkannya dengan penjabaran dari jiwa menurut ilmu psikologi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa terdapat titik pertemuan antara sufisme dan psikologi. Mengacu kepada Syair-Syair Ibn Athailah al-Iskandari, misalnya, penulis melihat ada persamaan dengan para psikolog umum seperti Aristoteles dan Plato. Dengan demikian, terdapat persamaan antara sufisme dan psikologi karena sama-sama menjelaskan tentang jiwa).

The calibration and uncertainty evaluation by elementary measurement models

Nature has often made necessary things simple (elementary) and complicated ones unnecessary. This can be applied to measurement models of the large amount of working measurement standards and working measuring instruments. Nevertheless, if measurement model is elementary, it does not mean that it is primitive. It should be formulated according to the sufficiency, mathematical completeness and correctness principles. The attempt to formulate models according to the mentioned principles is introduced. Models are called elementary, as measurement result is function of one or two homogeneous measured quantities. Thus, measurement result is a single reading of the measurement standard or measuring instrument or average value of several readings, or bias as the disparity between readings of the calibrated measuring instrument and measurement standard. Notwithstanding the elementary measurement models simplicity, many variants of solutions are obtained in the process of the measurement result uncertainty evaluation by these models. Publication demonstrates how to choose the best uncertainty evaluation from many variants of solutions depending on whether single readings or average of several readings is included to measurement model. The best choice of the measurement model depends on resolution of the indicating measuring instrument. Moreover, the best choice depends on the measurement standard used for calibration, which is material measure or measuring instrument and depends on the calibration object: material measure or measuring instrument.