scholarly journals Lizards of a different stripe: phylogenetics of the Pedioplanis undata species complex (Squamata, Lacertidae), with the description of two new species

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-272
Author(s):  
Jackie L. Childers ◽  
Sebastian Kirchhof ◽  
Aaron M. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Population Isolation ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Climatic Oscillations ◽  
Rag 1 ◽  
Unique Amino Acid

The lacertid genus Pedioplanis is a moderately speciose group of small-bodied, cryptically-colored lizards found in arid habitats throughout southern Africa. Previous phylogenetic work on Pedioplanis has determined its placement within the broader context of the Lacertidae, but interspecific relations within the genus remain unsettled, particularly within the P. undata species complex, a group largely endemic to Namibia. We greatly expanded taxon sampling for members of the P. undata complex and other Pedioplanis, and generated molecular sequence data from 1,937 bp of mtDNA (ND2 and cytb) and 2,015 bp of nDNA (KIF24, PRLR, RAG-1) which were combined with sequences from GenBank resulting in a final dataset of 455 individuals. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses recover similar phylogenetic results and reveal the polyphyly of P. undata and P. inornata as presently construed. We confirm that P. husabensis is sister to the group comprising the P. undata complex plus the Angolan sister species P. huntleyi + P. haackei and demonstrate that P. benguelensis lies outside of this clade in its entirety. The complex itself comprises six species including P. undata, P. inornata, P. rubens, P. gaerdesi and two previously undescribed entities. Based on divergence date estimates, the P. undata species complex began diversifying in the late Miocene (5.3 ± 1.6 MYA) with the most recent cladogenetic events dating to the Pliocene (2.6 ± 1.0 MYA), making this assemblage relatively young compared to the genus Pedioplanis as a whole, the origin of which dates back to the mid-Miocene (13.5 ± 1.8 MYA). Using an integrative approach, we here describe Pedioplanis branchisp. nov. and Pedioplanis mayerisp. nov. representing northern populations previously assigned to P. inornata and P. undata, respectively. These entities were first flagged as possible new species by Berger-Dell’mour and Mayer over thirty years ago but were never formally described. The new species are supported chiefly by differences in coloration and by unique amino acid substitutions. We provide comprehensive maps depicting historical records based on museum specimens plus new records from this study for all members of the P. undata complex and P. husabensis. We suggest that climatic oscillations of the Upper Miocene and Pliocene-Pleistocene era in concert with the formation of biogeographic barriers have led to population isolation, gene flow restrictions and ultimately cladogenesis in the P. undata complex.

Revision of Hyalopale (Chrysopetalidae; Phyllodocida; Annelida): an amphi-Atlantic Hyalopale bispinosa species complex and five new species from reefs of the Caribbean Sea and Indo-Pacific Oceans

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4671 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-368
Author(s):  
CHARLOTTE WATSON ◽  
EKIN TILIC ◽  
GREG W. ROUSE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence

The formerly monotypic taxon, Hyalopale bispinosa Perkins 1985 (Chrysopetalinae), is comprised of a cryptic species complex from predominantly tropical embayments and island reefs of the Western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans. Hyalopale species are of meiofaunal size (length: 1−2.8mm), but considered non-interstitial, with the majority of species inhabiting a singular habitat of shallow littoral zones among algae and epifauna overlying sediments in rubble. Hyalopale adults exhibit notochaetal fans characterized by the presence of lateral and midline notochaetal spines. Species of Hyalopale can be distinguished by the shape of glass-like notochaetal paleae and the number of densely stacked ribs. Hyalopale bispinosa forms a western and eastern Atlantic species complex, comprising the type species, Hyalopale bispinosa s.s., a comparatively larger form with the highest number of notochaetal paleael ribs from Florida, and Hyalopale cf. bispinosa, from the western and eastern Mediterranean, a smaller form with a similar notochaetal morphology to the latter. Unfortunately, no molecular sequence data is available for Hyalopale bispinosa s.s. Five new species are described, with molecular sequence data provided for three: Hyalopale leslieae sp. nov., a small form with a comparatively low number of paleal ribs, found from the Florida Keys to Belize, Caribbean Sea, H. zerofskii sp. nov. from southern California and Mexico, eastern Pacific and H. sapphiriglancyorum sp. nov., a distinctive species with the lowest number of paleael ribs, from Raja Ampat, Indonesia and the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, western Pacific. Two other species are described from morphology alone: H. angeliensis sp. nov. from Dampier, Western Australia and Seychelle Islands, eastern Indian Ocean and H. furfuricula sp. nov. from the Red Sea and Mozambique, western Indian Ocean, possessing a unique paleal brow shape. While well supported as a clade, support for relationships within Hyalopale is low. Hyalopale cf. bispinosa (Mediterranean) was recovered as sister group to the remaining Hyalopale, with H. leslieae sp. nov. as sister to the Hyalopale Pacific clade, comprising H. zerofskii sp. nov. (eastern Pacific) and H. sapphiriglancyorum sp. nov. (western Pacific). Within Chrysopetalinae, Hyalopale and Paleanotus formed a clade that was the sister group to the other paleate chrysopetalids under maximum likelihood, though Paleanotus grouped with the other paleate forms under maximum parsimony. The adult morphology of Hyalopale species is compared with that exhibited in the larvae of Paleanotus species; based on these results, including possession of a shared notochaetal character, Hyalopale is considered to contain paedomorphic taxa. 

Two new genera and twelve new species of Graphidaceae from Puerto Rico: a case for higher endemism of lichenized fungi in islands of the Caribbean?

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL A. MERCADO-DÍAZ ◽  
ROBERT LÜCKING ◽  
SITTIPORN PARNMEN
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
New Combination ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Biodiversity Knowledge ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
High Level

Two new genera and twelve new species of Graphidaceae are described from Puerto Rico. The two new genera, Borinquenotrema and Paratopeliopsis, are based on a combination of molecular sequence data and phenotype characters. Borinquenotrema, with the single new species B. soredicarpum, features rounded ascomata developing beneath and persistently covered with soralia and with an internal anatomy reminescent of Carbacanthographis; it is close to the  tribe Ocellularieae. Paratopeliopsis, including the single new species P. caraibica, resembles a miniature Topeliopsis but differs in the distinctly farinose thallus and the small, brown ascospores; it is not closely related to the latter genus but belongs in tribe Thelotremateae. The other ten new species belong in the genera Acanthotrema, Clandestinotrema, Compositrema, Fissurina, Ocellularia, and Thalloloma. Acanthotrema alboisidiatum is closely related to A. brasilianum but differs in the short, white isidia resembling insect eggs. Clandestinotrema portoricense has a unique ascospore type with a longitudinal septum only in the proximal cell. Compositrema borinquense resembles a species of Stegobolus but belongs in Compositrema based on sequence data, and is characterized by ascomata with a unique columella composed of thick, irregularly radiating strands. The second new species in this genus, C. isidiofarinosum, differs by its ecorticate, farinose thallus with scattered, corticate isidia and by its small ascomata with inconspicuous columella. The three new species of Fissurina all have 3-septate ascospores and are otherwise characterized by an isidiate thallus and stellate, orange-yellow lirellae (F. aurantiacostellata), a verrucose thallus strongly encrusted with calcium oxalate crystals and white, irregularly branched lirellae (F. crystallifera), and myriotremoid ascomata arranged in short lines (F. monilifera). Ocellularia portoricensis belongs in the core group of Ocellularia and differs from O. cavata in the white medulla and the larger ascospores becoming brown, whereas O. vulcanisorediata produces prominent soralia and immersed ascomata with apically carbonized excipulum and columella and small, transversely septate, hyaline ascospores; it is closely related to O. conformalis. Finally, Thalloloma rubromarginatum resembles T. haemographum in the brownish lirellae with bright red margin but differs from that and other species in the corticate thallus and the norstictic acid chemistry. The new combination Ampliotrema rimosum (Hale) Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen is also proposed. Considering the current biodiversity knowledge on this family, the high level of endemism observed in other groups of organisms in the island, and the relatively high number of Graphidaceae described, it is highly likely that at least some of these new taxa are endemic to the island. This view is further supported by the unique features of several of the new species, representing novel characters in the corresponding genera.

Contribution to the taxonomy of Sistotremastrum (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota) and the description of two new species, S. fibrillosum and S. aculeocrepitans

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 379 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
GÉRALD GRUHN ◽  
PABLO ALVARADO ◽  
NILS HALLENBERG ◽  
MÉLANIE ROY ◽  
RÉGIS COURTECUISSE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
French West Indies ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
French Guyana

Two new species of Sistotremastrum collected in French West Indies and French Guyana are described and illustrated. Morphological studies and molecular sequence data from two ribosomal DNA regions (ITS and 28S rDNA) support the recognition of S. fibrillosum and S. aculeocrepitans, two species characterized by their hyphal cords and basidia with 4 sterigmata.

A new species of Rochefortia (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales) from the Lesser Antilles

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 236 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMONA-ELENA IRIMIA ◽  
Marc Gottschling
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
South American ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Botanical Illustration ◽  
A New Species

Taxonomic diversity of Neotropical Rochefortia is not completely assessed at present. We report the existence of a new species: Rochefortia barloventensis sp. nov., distributed across multiple islands of the Lesser Antilles. We provide a morphological description, a molecular diagnosis and a botanical illustration. Specimens belonging to the new species were previously assigned to Caribbean R. cuneata or to South American R. spinosa because of morphological similarity. Molecular sequence data shows a clear delimitation of the new species from all other species of Rochefortia justifying the recognition of a novel taxon.

Halenia coreana (Gentianaceae), a new species from Korea: Evidence from morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 403 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
SU-MIN HAN ◽  
HYOSIG WON ◽  
CHAE EUN LIM
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rbcl Gene ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Halenia (Gentianaceae) from Korea, H. coreana S.M.Han, H.Won & C.E.Lim, is recognized based on morphological and molecular data, and its description and illustration are provided. It is distinct from H. corniculata in having long, narrower and incurved spurs and attenuated leaf apex. Molecular sequence data of nuclear ribosomal ITS region, nuclear XDH gene, and chloroplast rbcL gene also strongly support its species status.

scholarly journals A new species of Aspicilia (Megasporaceae), with a new lichenicolous Sagediopsis (Adelococcaceae), from the Falkland Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Alan M. Fryday ◽  
Timothy B. Wheeler ◽  
Javier Etayo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Lichenicolous Fungi ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
A New Species

AbstractThe new species Aspicilia malvinae is described from the Falkland Islands. It is the first species of Megasporaceae to be discovered on the islands and only the seventh to be reported from South America. It is distinguished from other species of Aspicilia by the unusual secondary metabolite chemistry (hypostictic acid) and molecular sequence data. The collections of the new species support two lichenicolous fungi: Endococcus propinquus s. lat., which is new to the Falkland Islands, and a new species of Sagediopsis with small perithecia and 3-septate ascospores c. 18–20 × 4–5 μm, which is described here as S. epimalvinae. A total of 60 new DNA sequences obtained from species of Megasporaceae (mostly Aspicilia) are also introduced.

Systematics of araphid diatoms with asymmetric rimoportulae or densely packed virgae, with particular attention to Hyalosynedra (Ulnariaceae, Bacillariophyta)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 347 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. M. SABIR ◽  
E.C. THERIOT ◽  
C.S. LOBBAN ◽  
A.M. ALHEBSHI ◽  
A.L. AL-MALKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Apical Pore ◽  
Single Clade ◽  
Wall Construction ◽  
Three New Species

Synedroid diatoms are morphologically characterized by a putative synapomorphic structure called an ocellulimbus, a terminal pore field whose surface is depressed relative to the rest of the valve surface. Among these diatoms is the genus Hyalosynedra Williams and Round. Characters associated with that genus are bilayered wall construction, densely packed virgae and an asymmetric rimoportula. However, these characters diagnose partially overlapping (incongruent) groups. The apical pore field itself, when present, is sometimes sunken deeply, sometimes weakly and sometimes not at all among these diatoms. Here we make additional morphological observations and add molecular sequence data (nuclear SSU rDNA, rbcL, psbC) to attempt to resolve these apparent conflicts. The molecular phylogeny does not resolve any morphological character without homoplasy, but conversely does resolve taxa which share an asymmetric rimoportula and/or densely packed virgae into a single clade we call the “hyalosynedroid” taxa. This clade contains our representatives of Thalassionematales which had been linked to Hyalosynedra by the bilayered wall structure and the possession by some species of an asymmetric rimoportula. We describe three new genera, and a total of 11 new species. Whereas four species of Hyalosynedra were previously described, we describe three new species of Hyalosynedra, describe the new genus Divergita with three species (one new, one transferred from Synedra and one from Hyalosynedra), and the new genus Stricosus with seven new species. A key to species of Hyalosynedra, Divergita and Stricosus is included.

Vamsapriya(Xylariaceae) Re-Described, with Two New Species and Molecular Sequence Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Qin Dai ◽  
Ali H. Bahkali ◽  
Qi-Rui Li ◽  
D. Jayarama Bhat ◽  
Nalin N. Wijayawardene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Two New Species

Two new species of Inocybe from Australia and North America that include novel secotioid forms

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine C. Braaten ◽  
P. Brandon Matheny ◽  
Debra L. Viess ◽  
Michael G. Wood ◽  
Joseph H. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Phenotypic Variant

The secotioid form of fruit bodies of mushroom-forming fungi may be an intermediate evolutionary modification of epigeous agaricoid or pileate–stipitate forms (i.e., with pileus, spore-bearing tissues, and stipe) and typically hypogeous, gasteroid- or truffle-forming species, in which the fruit bodies have been reduced to enclosed structures containing modified spore-producing tissues. To date, only a single secotioid species (Auritella geoaustralis Matheny & Bougher ex Matheny & Bougher) has been described in the ectomycorrhizal family Inocybaceae, a hyperdiverse clade of ca. 500–700 species with a cosmopolitan distribution. Fieldwork in Australia and western North America, however, has revealed two novel secotioid forms of Inocybe (Fr.) Fr., the first to be formally described in the genus. In this investigation, we analyze their phylogenetic relationships using molecular sequence data from multiple unlinked loci to test whether these are environmental variants of agaricoid forms or represent independent lineages. Results of phylogenetic analyses suggest these fungi have converged to the secotioid form independently. However, the California secotioid taxon (Inocybe multifolia f. cryptophylla f. nov.) is a phenotypic variant of the newly described agaricoid taxon (Inocybe multifolia sp. nov.). Similarly, the Australian secotioid form (Inocybe bicornis f. secotioides f. nov.) is nested within a clade of otherwise agaricoid forms of a second novel species (Inocybe bicornis sp. nov.) described from southwest Western Australia. Overall, four species with sequestrate forms within Inocybaceae can now be recognized, three of which are distributed in Australia and one in western North America, in the genera Auritella and Inocybe.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic study and taxonomic revision of the Xanthoparmelia mexicana group, including the description of a new species (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandrina Barcenas-Peña ◽  
Steven D. Leavitt ◽  
Jen-Pan Huang ◽  
Felix Grewe ◽  
H. Thorsten Lumbsch
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Unknown Substance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
A New Species

Xanthoparmelia(Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) is the most species-rich genus of lichen-forming fungi. Species boundaries are based on morphological and chemical features, varying reproductive strategies and, more recently, molecular sequence data. The isidiateXanthoparmeliamexicanagroup is common in arid regions of North and Central America and includes a range of morphological variation and variable secondary metabolites – salazinic or stictic acids mainly. In order to better understand the evolutionary history of this group and potential taxonomic implications, a molecular phylogeny representing 58 ingroup samples was reconstructed using four loci, including ITS, mtSSU, nuLSU rDNA and MCM7. Results indicate the existence of multiple, distinct lineages phenotypically agreeing withX.mexicana.One of these isidiate, salazinic acid-containing lineages is described here as a new species,X.pedregalensissp. nov., including populations from xerophytic scrub vegetation in Pedregal de San Angel, Mexico City.X.mexicanas. str. is less isidiate thanX.pedregalensisand has salazinic and consalazinic acid, occasionally with norstictic acid; whereasX.pedregalensiscontains salazinic and norstictic acids and an unknown substance. Samples from the Old World, morphologically agreeing withX.mexicana, are only distantly related toX.mexicanas. str. Our results indicate thatX.mexicanais likely less common than previously assumed and ongoing taxonomic revisions are required for isidiateXanthoparmeliaspecies.

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