Background:Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) events. Traditional CV risk factors do not account for the increased CV disease mortality in PsA. Inflammation seems to have a key role in the development of this comorbidity, however the specific molecular mechanisms involved are not defined yet.Objectives:To evaluate clinical CV risk factors and surrogate markers and their relationship with inflammation, disease activity and metabolic comorbidities in PsA patientsMethods:This is a cross-sectional study including 100 PsA patients without CV disease recruited in the routine clinical practice at the Rheumatology Department, Reina Sofia Hospital of Cordoba and 100 age-matched healthy donors (HDs). Different parameters related to the cardiometabolic risk were analyzed. Clinical and analytical parameters were collected: lipid profile (cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG, ApoA and ApoB), glucose and insulin, body surface area (BSA) affected by psoriasis, number of tender and swollen joints, DAPSA, VAS, CRP and ESR. To measure the persistence of inflammation, CRP levels were recorded retrospectively once, twice, or three times during the 5 years prior to study and at the moment of the study. Increased levels of CRP in at least 50% of the determinations was considered as persistent inflammation. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from peripheral blood of patients and HDs. A panel of 92 proteins involved in CV disease and an adipocytokine profile was measured in plasma and PBMCs. In addition, activation of 18 intracellular pathways involved in cell activation was also measured in PBMCs. In vitro experiments in adipocytes treated with serum from PsA patients were also carried out.Results:Traditional CV risk factors including atherogenic risk, insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome, smoking, obesity, arterial hypertension, apolipoprotein B/A risk, type 2 diabetes mellitus and the levels of SCORE were significantly increased in PsA patients. The presence of IR was associated with disease activity markers (DAPSA, ESR and CRP). In fact, the HOMA-IR index was related to the CRP persistence. PsA patients with obesity had significantly increased the number of tender and swollen joints, the levels of DAPSA and CRP. Twenty-eight proteins involved in CV disease and six adipocytokines were significantly elevated in the plasma of PsA patients. Several of these cardiovascular molecules were associated with higher levels of DAPSA (CTSD, GAL3, CD163, FABP4, IL6 and IL1RT2), acute phase reactants (GAL3, TNFα, Adiponectin, TNFR1 and IL6), affected body surface area (IL2RA, GAL3, CCL15, TRAP, CSTB, CD163, OPG and CNTN1) and onychopaty (TRAP, VWF, MCP-1, GAL3, LTBR, TFPI, CHI3L1, CTSZ and JAM-A). In addition, the mRNA expression of most of those 28 CV molecules were significantly increased in PBMCs from PsA patients. At intracellular level, the activation of 11 kinases (ERK1/2, AKT, S6 Ribosomal, mTOR, HSP27, Bad, p70 S6 kinase, PRAS40, p53 and caspase-3) involved in insulin signaling, inflammation, cell survival and apoptosis were altered in PBMCs. Finally, serum from PsA patients was able to modify the expression of these molecules in adipocytes.Conclusion:1) Disease activity and inflammatory burden are closely associated with the presence of metabolic alterations, specifically obesity and IR in patients with PsA. 2) The development of IR is extremely related to the persistence of CRP levels in the previous 5 years. 3) Inflammation is closely associated to the adipose tissue dysfunction in PsA and 4) FABP4, CD163 and GAL3 are surrogate CV markers commonly associated with clinical features of PsA, suggesting the role of these molecules linking CVD and PsA pathogenesis.Funded by ISCIII (PI17/01316 and RIER RD16/0012/0015) co-funded with FEDER.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
Measurement properties of the product of investigator’s global assessment and body surface area in children and adults with atopic dermatitis