Single women, land and livelihood vulnerability in a communal area in Zimbabwe

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaynor Gamuchirai Makura-Paradza
Keyword(s):  
Single Women ◽  
Communal Area

scholarly journals Just Transition as a Tool for Preventing Energy Poverty among Women in Mining Areas—A Case Study of the Silesia Region, Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3372
Author(s):  
Olga Janikowska ◽  
Joanna Kulczycka
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Major Conclusion ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Transition Strategy ◽  
Mining Regions

The inevitable energy transformation can be perceived as an opportunity and as a threat to the actions undertaken to prevent energy poverty in European mining regions. Silesia is a special exemplification of the European region whose economy has been based on coal industry for centuries. There are still about 70,000 miners and coal is also widely used for heating households. Based on developed map of jobs lost in mining and related industry and the demographic and social data the proposal of activities addressed to different group of people has been created. It was also indicated that energy poverty in Poland mainly concerns households inhabited by single women. Therefore, the major conclusion of the paper is postulated that the Just Transition strategy should be extended by issues strictly related to the situation of women in the future labor market. Additionally, the concept of a special hub for women, whose aim would be professional activation of women of various age groups, has been introduced.

The Floating Village: Fostering Social Capital in Chinese Migrant Settlements through Mobile Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vincent Woon
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Communal Area ◽  
Communal Space ◽  
Cultural Origins

<p>In the past two decades, China has realised one of the fastest and largest rural to urban migrations in the world. The country’s urban population has increased by 20% over the last 20 years due to rapid urbanisation and a drastic improvement in urban opportunities. It is projected that by the year 2020 China aims to house 60% of its population in urban areas, resulting in a population shift of over 100 million people. One of the major issues which is presented to rural migrants is the hukou system. Hukou acts as a domestic passport which prevents rural migrants from attaining social benefits within urban areas. This has created an underclass within China’s urban areas known as the “floating population”.  This thesis focuses on the architecture of the “floating villages” of China which accommodate this floating population. The floating village is an informal settlement of migrant workers which develops around construction sites. The village provides services such as food, entertainment, medical care and recycling to the construction workers., However, as a pseudo-urban typology accommodating many of the functions of a town, it lacks one important element: a focused communal area. The absence of deliberately designed a communal space has led to social tensions within the floating village due to the different cultural origins of the migrant workers. Migrant workers arrive in floating villages without knowledge of urban culture and with no communal support. Varying migrant accents, and traditions, alongside struggles with poverty, creates friction between workers.  This thesis proposes a temporary and portable architectural intervention within the floating village which fosters a positive community. The research of community design is explored through an architecturalisation of Dr Robert D. Putnam’s understanding of social capital.</p>

scholarly journals Postpartum weight retention among women in Rio de Janeiro: a follow-up study

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S149-S161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Kac ◽  
Maria Helena D'Aquino Benicio ◽  
Joaquim Gonçalves Valente ◽  
Gustavo Velásquez-Meléndez
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Postpartum Weight Retention ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
Variable Weight ◽  
Postpartum Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Weight

This study presents follow-up results on trends in postpartum weight retention among women in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at 0.5, 2, 6, and 9 months postpartum. The outcome variable, weight retention, was calculated by subtracting the reported pre-pregnancy weight from the observed weight at each interview. Statistical analyses used means and a 95% confidence interval for weight retention. Mean weight retention was 4.7, 4.1, 3.4, and 3.1kg at 0.5, 2, 6 and 9 months postpartum, respectively. At completion of the study, the largest weight retention was observed in women over 30 years of age (4.2kg) and with 30% or more of body fat (5.9kg). The rate of reduction in weight retention was 0.4kg/month, 0.2kg/month, and 0.1kg/ month for the periods 0.5-2, 2-6, and 6-9 months, respectively. The largest reductions were observed among young, single women and those with < 30% of body fat at baseline. The results suggest that variables such as age, parity, schooling, and body fat may be important predictors of postpartum weight retention.

scholarly journals Patterns of induced abortion in urban area of Southeastern region, Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca de Souza e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Single Women ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Southeastern Region ◽  
Fertile Women

OBJECTIVE: To assess the behavior of induced abortion as a function of certain demographic variables, for the population of fertile women (15 to 49 years old) residing in the Vila Madalena subdistrict S. Paulo (Brazil). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two population samples were selected. One sample, with 996 women, investigated the incidence of induced abortions during 1987, using the RRT. In the other, involving 1,004 women, the same information was detected through a conventional approach. In both samples, the induced abortion occurring during the reproductive life was recorded in direct fashion. Though this analysis refers only to information about past abortions, that is by 2,000 women -, it should be noted that it is exactly the RRT that lends credibility to the found or results given results. CONCLUSION: The analysis furnishes evidence showing that single women, young women between the ages of 15 and 19, women who have not had live births, women who have a number of children below the expected ideal, women who use contraceptive methods (especially inefficient ones) and women who do not have any restrictions as to abortion constitute the categories most inclined to resort to induced abortion. This grouping suggests the existence of interrelationships between categories, that is, each of these categories is probably composed primarily of the same women, those who are at the beginning of their reproductive lives.

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