Effectiveness of caffeine intake on maximal and sub-maximal physiological markers of exercise intensity among wheelchair users compared to able-bodied individuals

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E. Amari ◽  
H. Al-Rahamnheh
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Volitional Exhaustion ◽  
Physiological Markers

The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of caffeine intake on maximal and sub-maximal physiological markers of exercise intensity and whether group (able-bodied and wheelchair users) moderated these findings. Ten able-bodied men (20.3±2.4 years, length 174.3±5.1 cm, 76.4±9.4 kg) and 9 wheelchair users (29.9±7.1 years, length 164±13 cm, 78.6±20.6 kg) participated in the study. Each participant performed 4 exercise tests. Two ramp exercise tests were used to assess the effect of caffeine intake on maximal values of power output (PO), oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), lactate and rate of perceived exertion (RPE): one performed with 6 mg/kg body mass of caffeine ingestion as gelatine capsules, and the second one with placebo. Two constant-load exercise tests at 70% POpeak to volitional exhaustion were used to assess the effect caffeine intake on sub-maximal values of VO2, HR, lactate and RPE: one performed with 6 mg/kg body mass of caffeine ingestion as gelatine capsules, and the second one with placebo. Two way ANOVA revealed that caffeine intake does not affect maximal values of VO2, HR, lactate and RPE (P>0.05). Caffeine intake reduced sub-maximal RPE at 5 min (P<0.05) and 10 min of exercise. Sub-maximal HR at 70% POpeak was higher in caffeine than placebo among wheelchair users (P<0.05). Time to exhaustion at 70% POpeak was significantly longer in caffeine than placebo (P<0.05). VO2max and POpeak were significantly higher among able-bodied than wheelchair users (P<0.05). Caffeine has an effect on sub-maximal RPE and time to volitional exhaustion. Closed-loop exercise mode should be employed in future studies. Greater dosage of caffeine could be used but should not exceed the permitted amount of 12 mg/kg body mass. Wheelchair users should exercise and do more physical activity to enhance VO2max and POpeak.

Consumption of açai (Euterpe oleraceaMart.) functional beverage reduces muscle stress and improves effort tolerance in elite athletes: a randomized controlled intervention study

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Carvalho-Peixoto ◽  
Mirian Ribeiro Leite Moura ◽  
Felipe Amorim Cunha ◽  
Pablo Christiano B. Lollo ◽  
Walace David Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Ergogenic Aid ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Responses

The study analyzed the effect of an açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) functional beverage (AB) on muscle and oxidative stress markers, cardiorespiratory responses, perceived exertion, and time-to-exhaustion during maximal treadmill running. The beverage was developed as an ergogenic aid for athletes and contained 27.6 mg of anthocyanins per dose. Fourteen athletes performed 3 exercise tests: a ramp-incremental maximal exercise test and 2 maximal exercise bouts performed in 2 conditions (AB and without AB (control)) at 90% maximal oxygen uptake.Blood was collected at baseline and after maximal exercise in both conditions to determine biomarkers. AB increased time to exhaustion during short-term high-intensity exercise (mean difference: 69 s, 95% confidence interval = –296 s to 159 s, t = 2.2, p = 0.045), attenuating the metabolic stress induced by exercise (p < 0.05). AB also reduced perceived exertion and enhanced cardiorespiratory responses (p < 0.05). The AB may be a useful and practical ergogenic aid to enhance performance during high-intensity training.

Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Exercise-induced Change during High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaiah Trice ◽  
Emily M. Haymes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Serum Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Placebo Trial ◽  
Double Blind Design

In this study a double-blind design was used to determine the effect of caffeine on time to exhaustion and on associated metabolic and circulatory measures. Eight male subjects ingested either caffeine (5 mg/kg body weight) or a placebo 1 hr prior to exercise at 85-90% of maximum workload. Subjects were encouraged to complete three 30-min intermittent cycling periods at 70 rpm with 5 min rest between each. The exercise was terminated when the subject failed to complete three 30-min periods or failed to maintain 70 rpm for at least 15 s consecutively. Serum free fatty acids, glycerol, blood glucose, lactate, perceived exertion, heart rate, andcost were measured. The time to exhaustion was significantly longer during the caffeine trial than during the placebo trial. Serum free fatty acid levels were significantly different between trials. The decline in blood glucose levels was significantly less during the caffeine trial than during the placebo trial. There were no significant differences between trials for the other measures. It was concluded that caffeine increases time to exhaustion when trained subjects cycled intermittently at high levels of intensity.

Insufficient control of exercise intensity by heart rate monitoring in cardiac patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falko Frese ◽  
Philipp Seipp ◽  
Susanne Hupfer ◽  
Peter Bärtsch ◽  
Birgit Friedmann-Bette
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Volitional Exhaustion ◽  
Pulse Palpation ◽  
Treadmill Testing

Objectives: To test the reliability of heart rate (HR) recommendations for cardiac rehabilitation training obtained from different treadmill tests. Background: For training in cardiac rehabilitation, HR recommendations are derived from cardio-pulmonary tests. Exercise intensity is often controlled through self-monitoring HR by the cardiac patients. Design: Non-randomized clinical trial. Methods: 25 patients of a cardiac sports group (six women, 19 men, age 68.3 ± 5 years, height 171 ± 10 cm, weight 82 ± 12.8 kg) performed a stepwise increasing treadmill test according to a modified Stanford protocol (S) and a ramp treadmill test according to the Balke–Ware protocol (B) until volitional exhaustion. In 16 patients, HR was assessed with a HR monitor and compared with HR obtained by self-monitoring through pulse palpation during three training sessions. Results: Similar peak cardiopulmonary responses were obtained with the two exercise protocols of significantly ( p < 0.001) different duration (S 22:05 ± 7:11 min, B 13:31 ± 4:20 min). During the training sessions, HR exceeded the upper HR limit set at 85% HRpeak in 15 patients and in nine patients, higher HRpeak than in the exercise tests was observed. Five participants did not accurately measure their HR by pulse palpation. Conclusions: All but one patient of the cardiac sports group did not adhere to the HR recommendations derived from incremental treadmill testing, most likely because volitional exhaustion occurred in both treadmill tests before maximal cardiopulmonary responses were reached. In about 30% of the patients, training intensity could not be controlled by self-monitoring because of inaccurate pulse palpation.

scholarly journals Are Heart Rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion Effective to Control Indoor Cycling Intensity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4824
Author(s):  
Rui Canário-Lemos ◽  
José Vilaça-Alves ◽  
Tiago Moreira ◽  
Rafael Peixoto ◽  
Nuno Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Special Instrumentation ◽  
The Way

Indoor cycling’s popularity is related to the combination of music and exercise leading to higher levels of exercise intensity. It was our objective to determine the efficacy of heart rate and rating of perceived exertion in controlling the intensity of indoor cycling classes and to quantify their association with oxygen uptake. Twelve experienced males performed three indoor cycling sessions of 45 min that differed in the way the intensity was controlled: (i) oxygen uptake; (ii) heart rate; and (iii) rating of perceived exertion using the OMNI-Cycling. The oxygen uptake levels were significantly higher (p = 0.007; μp2 = 0.254) in oxygen uptake than heart rate sessions. Oxygen uptake related to body mass was significantly higher (p < 0.005) in the oxygen uptake sessions compared with other sessions. Strong correlations were observed between oxygen uptake mean in the oxygen uptake and rating of perceived exertion sessions (r =0.986, p < 0.0001) and between oxygen uptake mean in the oxygen uptake and heart rate sessions (r = 0.977, p < 0.0001). Both heart rate and rating of perceived exertion are effective in controlling the intensity of indoor cycling classes in experienced subjects. However, the use of rating of perceived exertion is easier to use and does not require special instrumentation.

scholarly journals Exercise Intensity and Validity of the Ratings of Perceived Exertion (Borg and OMNI Scales) in an Indoor Cycling Session

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Muyor
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion

Abstract The purpose of the study was: 1) to determine the intensity of an indoor cycling session; 2) to know the correlation between the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scales (Borg and OMNI) and % heart rate reserve (%HRR) with categories; and 3) to evaluate the validity of RPE scales (Borg and OMNI) with respect to the heart rate (HR) and %HRR. A total of fifty-three subjects, 25 males and 28 females (ages: 28.79 ± 6.04 years; body height: 1.71 ± 0.09 m; body mass: 69.59 ± 13.69 kg) were recruited from a private fitness club. All subjects performed the same predesigned indoor cycling session with a total duration of 50 minutes. During the experimental trial, the HR was recorded every 5 s. The Borg 6-20 RPE and OMNI 0-10 scales were used to assess perceived exertion in each phase. The average HR in the cardiovascular phase was 152.24 ± 14.11 b•min-1, the %HRR was 80.62 ± 7.10; and the overall RPE (Borg and OMNI scales) was 14.94 ± 1.11 and 7.18 ± 0.79 points, respectively. The correlation between an average HR and %HRR with Borg and OMNI scales was lower than r = 0.4 (p < 0.05). The correlation value between the Borg and the OMNI RPE scales was r = 0.82 (p < 0.001). It can be concluded that indoor cycling elicits effort of high intensity which could be inappropriate for some participants. The Borg and OMNI scales showed a low validity to quantify the intensity performed in indoor cycling sessions. It indicates the necessity to control the intensity of effort with other instruments to improve efficacy and decrease the risk of overload in this activity.

scholarly journals International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanci S. Guest ◽  
Trisha A. VanDusseldorp ◽  
Michael T. Nelson ◽  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
International Society ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
List Type ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Chewing Gums

AbstractFollowing critical evaluation of the available literature to date, The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) position regarding caffeine intake is as follows: Supplementation with caffeine has been shown to acutely enhance various aspects of exercise performance in many but not all studies. Small to moderate benefits of caffeine use include, but are not limited to: muscular endurance, movement velocity and muscular strength, sprinting, jumping, and throwing performance, as well as a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic sport-specific actions. Aerobic endurance appears to be the form of exercise with the most consistent moderate-to-large benefits from caffeine use, although the magnitude of its effects differs between individuals. Caffeine has consistently been shown to improve exercise performance when consumed in doses of 3–6 mg/kg body mass. Minimal effective doses of caffeine currently remain unclear but they may be as low as 2 mg/kg body mass. Very high doses of caffeine (e.g. 9 mg/kg) are associated with a high incidence of side-effects and do not seem to be required to elicit an ergogenic effect. The most commonly used timing of caffeine supplementation is 60 min pre-exercise. Optimal timing of caffeine ingestion likely depends on the source of caffeine. For example, as compared to caffeine capsules, caffeine chewing gums may require a shorter waiting time from consumption to the start of the exercise session. Caffeine appears to improve physical performance in both trained and untrained individuals. Inter-individual differences in sport and exercise performance as well as adverse effects on sleep or feelings of anxiety following caffeine ingestion may be attributed to genetic variation associated with caffeine metabolism, and physical and psychological response. Other factors such as habitual caffeine intake also may play a role in between-individual response variation. Caffeine has been shown to be ergogenic for cognitive function, including attention and vigilance, in most individuals. Caffeine may improve cognitive and physical performance in some individuals under conditions of sleep deprivation. The use of caffeine in conjunction with endurance exercise in the heat and at altitude is well supported when dosages range from 3 to 6 mg/kg and 4–6 mg/kg, respectively. Alternative sources of caffeine such as caffeinated chewing gum, mouth rinses, energy gels and chews have been shown to improve performance, primarily in aerobic exercise. Energy drinks and pre-workout supplements containing caffeine have been demonstrated to enhance both anaerobic and aerobic performance.

scholarly journals Dispelling the myth that habitual caffeine consumption influences the performance response to acute caffeine supplementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia de Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Vitor de Salles Painelli ◽  
Guilherme Yamaguchi ◽  
Luana Farias de Oliveira ◽  
Bryan Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Cycling Time

This study investigates the influence of habitual caffeine intake on aerobic exercise-performance responses to acute caffeine supplementation. A double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced study was performed. Forty male endurance-trained cyclists were allocated into tertiles, according to their daily caffeine intake: low (58 ± 29 mg/d), moderate (143 ± 25 mg/d), and high (351 ± 139 mg/d) consumers. Participants completed three trials in which they performed simulated cycling time trials (TTs) in the fastest time possible following ingestion of the following: caffeine (CAF: 6 mg/kg body mass), placebo (PLA), and no supplement (CON). A mixed-model analysis revealed that TT performance was significantly improved in CAF compared with PLA and CON (29.92 ± 2.18 vs. 30.81 ± 2.67 and 31.14 ± 2.71 min, respectively; P = 0.0002). Analysis of covariance revealed no influence of habitual caffeine intake as a covariate on exercise performance ( P = 0.47). TT performance was not significantly different among tertiles ( P = 0.75). No correlation was observed between habitual caffeine intake and absolute changes (CAF − CON) in TT performance with caffeine ( P = 0.524). Individual analysis showed that eight, seven, and five individuals improved above the variation of the test in CAF in the low, moderate, and high tertiles, respectively. A Fisher’s exact test did not show any significant differences in the number of individuals who improved in CAF among the tertiles ( P > 0.05). Blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were not different between trials and tertiles ( P > 0.05). Performance effects of acute caffeine supplementation during an ~30-min cycling TT performance were not influenced by the level of habitual caffeine consumption. NEW & NOTEWORTHY There has been a long-standing paradigm that habitual caffeine intake may influence the ergogenicity of caffeine supplementation. Low, moderate, and high caffeine consumers showed similar absolute and relative improvements in cycling time-trial performance following acute supplementation of 6 mg/kg body mass caffeine. Performance effects of acute caffeine were not influenced by the level of habitual caffeine consumption, suggesting that high habitual caffeine intake does not negate the benefits of acute caffeine supplementation.

scholarly journals Use of the CR100 Scale for Session Rating of Perceived Exertion in Soccer and Its Interchangeability With the CR10

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Fanchini ◽  
Ivan Ferraresi ◽  
Roberto Modena ◽  
Federico Schena ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
Rate Method ◽  
The Mean

Purpose:To examine the construct validity of the session rating perceived exertion (s-RPE) assessed with the Borg CR100 scale to measure training loads in elite soccer and to examine if the CR100 is interchangeable and can provide more-accurate ratings than the CR10 scale.Methods:Two studies were conducted. The validity of the CR100 was determined in 19 elite soccer players (age 28 ± 6 y, height 180 ± 7 cm, body mass 77 ± 6 kg) during training sessions through correlations with the Edwards heart-rate method (study 1). The interchangeability with CR10 was assessed in 78 soccer players (age 19.3 ± 4.1 y, height 178 ± 5.9 cm, body mass 71.4 ± 6.1 kg) through the Bland–Altman method and correlations between change scores in different sessions. To examine whether the CR100 is more finely graded than the CR10, the proportions of responses corresponding to the verbal expressions were calculated (study 2).Results:Individual correlations between the Edwards method and s-RPE were large to very large (.52–.85). The mean difference between the 2 scales was –0.3 ± 0.33 AU (90% CI –0.41 to –0.29) with 95% limits of agreements (0.31 to –0.96 AU). Correlations between scales and between-changes scores were nearly perfect (.95 and .91–.98). Ratings corresponding to the verbal anchors were 49% in CR10 and 26% in CR100.Conclusions:The CR100 is valid for assessing the training load in elite soccer players. It can be used interchangeably with the CR10 and may provide more-precise measures of exercise intensity.

Caffeine Mouth Rinse Does Not Improve Time to Exhaustion in Male Trained Cyclists

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lara Lima Nabuco ◽  
Bryan Saunders ◽  
Renato André Sousa da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Eckhardt Molina ◽  
Caio Eduardo Gonçalves Reis
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Double Blinded

This study investigated the effects of caffeine mouth rinse on cycling time to exhaustion (TTE) and physiological responses in trained cyclists. In a double-blinded randomized counterbalanced cross-over design, 10 recreationally trained male cyclists (mean ± SD: 32 ± 3 years, 72.8 ± 5.3 kg, 1.78 ± 0.06 m, 13.9% ± 3.3% body fat, peak power output = 289.4 ± 24.7 W) completed two TTE tests cycling at 75% of peak aerobic power following 24 hr of dietary and exercise standardization. Cyclists were administered 25-ml mouth rinses for 5 s containing either 85 mg of caffeine or control (water) every 5 min throughout the exercise tests. No significant improvement in TTE was shown with caffeine mouth rinse compared with control (33:24 ± 12:47 vs. 28:08 ± 10:18 min; Cohen’s dz effect size: 0.51, p = .14). Caffeine mouth rinse had no significant effect on ratings of perceived exertion (p = .31) or heart rate (p = .35) throughout the cycling TTE protocol. These data indicate that a repeated dose of caffeinated mouth rinse for 5 s does not improve cycling TTE in recreationally trained male cyclists. However, these findings should be taken with caution due to the small sample size and blinding ineffectiveness, while further well-design studies with larger samples are warranted.

Use of Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) to Prescribe Exercise Intensity for Wheelchair-Bound Children and Adults

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne S. Ward ◽  
Oded Bar-Or ◽  
Patti Longmuir ◽  
Karen Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Arm Ergometry ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

Seventeen individuals (ages 11–30 years), all wheelchair users, were classified as active or sedentary. Peak mechanical power, heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were determined during continuous, incremental all-out arm ergometry. Subjects were asked to wheel on an oval track at prescribed speeds, and one month later they repeated this task. All subjects could distinguish among prescriptions, as judged from HR and wheeling velocities. However, the active subjects chose higher speeds (by 0.8–1.3 m/s), a wider range of speeds, and could better distinguish among sequential RPE levels than did the sedentary subjects. All subjects chose wheeling velocities higher than expected from their originally established HR-on-RPE regression. One-month retention was high and similar between groups. Individuals who use wheelchairs can discriminate among wheeling intensities as prescribed using the RPE scale and have excellent retention for at least one month.

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