scholarly journals Validation study on urinary biomarkers of exposure for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in piglets

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gambacorta ◽  
H. Solfrizzo ◽  
A. Visconti ◽  
S. Powers ◽  
A.M. Cossalter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Commission Recommendation ◽  
Aflatoxin B

The multi-biomarker approach was used to validate urinary biomarkers in piglets administered boluses contaminated with mixtures of deoxynivalenol (DON), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), zearalenone (ZEA) and ochratoxin A (OTA) at different concentrations. Boluses contaminated with mycotoxins were prepared by slurrying and freezedrying feed material fortified with culture extracts of selected toxigenic fungi. Piglets were individually placed in metabolic cages to collect urine before gavage and 24 h post dose. Urine samples were hydrolysed with β-glucuronidase and analysed by a multi-biomarker LC-MS/MS method developed and validated to identify and measure biomarkers of FB1, OTA, DON, ZEA and AFB1. Urinary levels of FB1, OTA, DON + de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol, ZEA + alphazearalenol and aflatoxin M1 were selected as biomarkers of FB1, OTA, DON, ZEA and AFB1, respectively. Mean percentages of dietary mycotoxins excreted as biomarkers in 24 h post dose urine were 36.8% for ZEA, 28.5% for DON, 2.6% FB1, 2.6% for OTA and 2.5% for AFB1. A good correlation was observed between the amount of mycotoxins ingested and the amount of relevant biomarkers excreted in 24 h post dose urine. Linear dose-response correlation coefficients ranged between 0.68 and 0.78 for the tested couples of mycotoxin/biomarker. The good sensitivity of the LC-MS/MS method and the good dose-response correlations observed in this study permitted to validate the selected mycotoxin biomarkers in piglets at dietary levels close to the maximum permitted levels reported in Commission Directive 2003/100/EC for AFB1 and the guidance values reported in Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC for DON, ZEA, OTA and FB1.

scholarly journals A comparison between enzyme immunoassay and HPLC for ochratoxin A detection in green, roasted and instant coffee

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Fujii ◽  
Elisabete Yurie Sataque Ono ◽  
Ricardo Marcelo Reche Ribeiro ◽  
Fernanda Garcia Algarte Assunção ◽  
Cássia Reika Takabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
Instant Coffee

An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for ochratoxin A (OTA) detection in green, roasted and instant coffees was developed using anti-OTA monoclonal antibody. Immunological reagents prepared were OTA-BSA (4.76 mg/mL), anti-OTA.7 MAb (2x10³-fold dilution) and HRP-anti IgG (10³-fold dilution). The detection limit was 3.73 ng OTA/g and correlation coefficients (r) between this immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography were 0.98 for green coffee, 0.98 for roasted and 0.86 for instant. OTA levels detected by ic-ELISA were higher than by HPLC, with ELISA/HPLC ratio of 0.66 - 1.46 (green coffee), 0.96 - 1.11 (roasted) and 0.93 - 1.82 (instant). ELISA recoveries for OTA added to coffee (5 - 70 ng/g) were 81.53 % for green coffee, 46.73 % for roasted and 64.35 % for instant, while recoveries by HPLC were 80.54 %, 45.91 % and 55.15 %, respectively. Matrices interferences were minimized by samples dilution before carrying out the ELISA assay. The results indicate that MAb-based ic-ELISA could be a simple, sensitive and specific screening tool for OTA detection, contributing to quality and safety of coffee products.

scholarly journals Detection of Fumonisin B1 and Ochratoxin A in Grain Products Using Microsphere-Based Fluid Array Immunoassays

Toxins ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Anderson ◽  
Vasudha A. Kowtha ◽  
Chris R. Taitt
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Grain Products

Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B 1 , ochratoxin A and fuminisins of adults in Lao Cai province, Viet Nam: A total dietary study approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Thi Mai Huong ◽  
Le Danh Tuyen ◽  
Do Huu Tuan ◽  
Leon Brimer ◽  
Anders Dalsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Dietary Study ◽  
Lao Cai ◽  
Aflatoxin B

scholarly journals Molecular and HPLC-based approaches for detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A released from toxigenic Aspergillus species in processed meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelazeem M. Algammal ◽  
Mahmoud E. Elsayed ◽  
Hany R. Hashem ◽  
Hazem Ramadan ◽  
Norhan S. Sheraba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Mold Count

Abstract Background Meat-products are considered an enriched media for mycotoxins. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxigenic Aspergillus species in processed meat samples, HPLC-quantitative measurement of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A residues, and molecular sequencing of aflR1 and pks genes. One hundred and twenty processed beef meat specimens (basterma, sausage, and minced meat; n = 40 for each) were collected from Ismailia Province, Egypt. Samples were prepared for total mold count, isolation, and identification of Aspergillus species. All samples were analyzed for the production of both Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A mycotoxins by HPLC. Molecular identification of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus was performed using PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region; furthermore, the aflR1 and pks genes were sequenced. Results The total mold count obtained from sausage samples was the highest one, followed by minced meat samples. The prevalence of A. flavus was (15%), (7.5%), and (10%), while the prevalence of A. ochraceus was (2.5%), (10%), and (0%) in the examined basterma, sausage, and minced meat samples, respectively. Using PCR, the ITS region was successfully amplified in all the tested A. flavus and A. ochraceus strains. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in six basterma samples (15%). Moreover, the ochratoxin A was detected only in four sausage samples (10%). The aflR1 and pks genes were amplified and sequenced successfully and deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers MF694264 and MF694264, respectively. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the HPLC-Molecular-based approaches for the detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in processed beef meat in Egypt. The production of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in processed meat constitutes a public health threat. Aflatoxin B1 is commonly associated with basterma samples. Moreover, ochratoxin A was detected frequently in sausage samples. The routine inspection of mycotoxins in processed meat products is essential to protect human consumers.

Effectiveness of hermetic technologies in limiting aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 contamination of stored maize grain under smallholder conditions in Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Murashiki ◽  
C. Chidewe ◽  
M.A. Benhura ◽  
L.R. Manema ◽  
B.M. Mvumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Hermetic Storage ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Storage Containers ◽  
Aflatoxin B

There is limited empirical evidence on the efficacy of hermetic storage containers in reducing mycotoxin occurrence in stored maize grain under smallholder field conditions. Levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in maize samples collected from hermetic metal silos (148), hermetic grain bags (121) and conventional stores (179) during 2015 and 2016 storage seasons in two rural districts of Zimbabwe were assessed. AFB1 was determined using high performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatisation and fluorescence detection, whilst FB1 was determined using direct competitive ELISA. All maize samples collected at harvest in 2015 and 2016 seasons contained FB1 at levels ranging from 10 to 462 μg/kg and 13 to 537 μg/kg, respectively. Use of hermetic containers did not seem to have any effect on the development of FB1 in stored maize grain, as there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the increase of FB1 contamination in hermetic and conventional stores. Prior to storage, the levels of AFB1 in the maize ranged from below the limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 25.0 μg/kg, whilst levels during storage ranged from <LOQ to 8.60 μg/kg in hermetic silos, <LOQ to 8.37 μg/kg in hermetic bags and <LOQ to 791 μg/kg in conventional stores over the two storage seasons. The occurrence of AFB1 in maize stored in hermetic containers, was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that in conventional stores. Hermetic containers were more effective than conventional stores in limiting contamination of maize with AFB1 and subsequent human exposure to these toxins. Therefore, hermetic storage containers are recommended to smallholder maize producers for safe and effective limitation of AFB1 contamination during storage and hence reduce exposure among consumers.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Organo-Modified Nano Montmorillonite to Protect against the Cumulative Health Risk of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> and Ochratoxin A in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab ◽  
Ezzeldein S. El-Denshary ◽  
Aziza A. El-Nekeety ◽  
Khaled G. Abdel-Wahhab ◽  
Mohamed A. Hamzawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Validity of Urinary Biomarkers of Exposure to Tobacco Smoke following Prolonged Storage

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIO RIBOLI ◽  
NANCY J HALEY ◽  
FRITS DE WAARD ◽  
RODOLFO SARACCI
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Determination of mean daily intakes of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and fumonisins in 24-hour diets of children in the Netherlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bakker ◽  
E. Sizoo ◽  
A. Jekel ◽  
D.P. Pereboom-de Fauw ◽  
R. Schothorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Diet Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Aflatoxin B

In 2006, a duplicate diet study of children's food was carried out in the Netherlands. Parents or guardians of 123 children collected duplicates of the 24-hour diets. Levels of aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and fumonisins were determined. Aflatoxin M1 was detectable in 10% of the samples, with all toxin levels below the limit of quantification. Aflatoxin B1 could be detected in 80% of the samples, while in 47% of all samples aflatoxin B1 was quantifiable. Ochratoxin A could be quantified in all samples. Deoxynivalenol was quantified in almost every sample, while T-2 and HT-2 toxins could only be quantified in 3.2% and 6.4% of the samples respectively. 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol was detected in 1.6% of the samples. Fumonisin B1 was detected in 28% of the samples and fumonisin B2 in a quarter of merely those samples where fumonisin B1 was detected. In 20% of the samples fumonisin B1 could be quantified and in a quarter of those samples fumonisin B2 could be quantified too. The analytical results were used to estimate levels of daily intake. Only the mean daily intake levels for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and fumonisins B1 and B2 could reliably be estimated. The values were 0.1, 4.1, 291 and 28 ng/kg bw/day respectively, all are well below the corresponding tolerable daily intakes. For aflatoxin B1 a tolerable intake does not exist, but the intake value for this mycotoxin was very low if compared to the value that would result from the intake of food, if it was contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at the EU regulatory limit, specified for baby food. The mean daily intakes of the mycotoxins determined in children's food in the Netherlands are low and implicate that there is no health risk for children due to exposure from the studied mycotoxins.

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