Determination of nivalenol in food and feed: an update

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Malachova ◽  
H.P. van Egmond ◽  
F. Berthiller ◽  
R. Krska
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxin ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Interlaboratory Validation ◽  
Scientific Opinion ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Based on the recent scientific opinion published by the EFSA CONTAM panel on the risks to human and animal health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed, this article provides an update on the determination of this Fusarium mycotoxin. After a brief introduction into the chemistry of nivalenol, chromatographic methods as well as other approaches are being discussed. Methods for the determination of nivalenol are well established and can be applied for the analysis of cereals, food, feed and biological samples. Accurate quantification of nivalenol is mostly carried out by liquid chromatography coupled with (multi-stage) mass spectrometry (MS) often within a multi-analyte approach. Some novel techniques, such as direct analysis in real time (DART) MS and electrochemical methods, have shown potential to determine nivalenol, but applications for routine measurements are not yet available. None of the currently available analytical methods has been formally validated in interlaboratory validation studies. While a certified calibrant for nivalenol is available, no matrix reference materials have been developed. Due to the scarcity of appropriate antibodies also no rapid immunochemical methods specific for nivalenol have become available.

scholarly journals Characterization and Quantification of Selenoprotein P: Challenges to Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6283
Author(s):  
Jérémy Lamarche ◽  
Luisa Ronga ◽  
Joanna Szpunar ◽  
Ryszard Lobinski
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Selenoprotein P ◽  
Primary Standards ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Careful Investigation ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is an emerging marker of the nutritional status of selenium and of various diseases, however, its chemical characteristics still need to be investigated and methods for its accurate quantitation improved. SELENOP is unique among selenoproteins, as it contains multiple genetically encoded SeCys residues, whereas all the other characterized selenoproteins contain just one. SELENOP occurs in the form of multiple isoforms, truncated species and post-translationally modified variants which are relatively poorly characterized. The accurate quantification of SELENOP is contingent on the availability of specific primary standards and reference methods. Before recombinant SELENOP becomes available to be used as a primary standard, careful investigation of the characteristics of the SELENOP measured by electrospray MS and strict control of the recoveries at the various steps of the analytical procedures are strongly recommended. This review critically discusses the state-of-the-art of analytical approaches to the characterization and quantification of SELENOP. While immunoassays remain the standard for the determination of human and animal health status, because of their speed and simplicity, mass spectrometry techniques offer many attractive and complementary features that are highlighted and critically evaluated.

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