A mycotoxin-dedicated total diet study in the Netherlands in 2013: Part III – exposure and risk assessment

In a mycotoxin-dedicated total diet study (mTDS) performed in the autumn and winter of 2013 in the Netherlands, 48 mycotoxins, including patulin, aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, zearalenone, trichothecenes, ergot alkaloids, Alternaria toxins, beauvericin and enniatins, were quantified. Analyses were performed in 88 composite samples representative for the consumption pattern of the Dutch population. This article presents the results of the exposure assessment and subsequent risk assessment of these mycotoxins. Exposure was assessed by combining individual food consumption data obtained from the Dutch National Food Consumption Surveys (DNFCS) for young children aged 2-6 years and the population aged 7-69 years with the analytical results of the mTDS, using a lower bound and an upper bound scenario for levels below the limit of detection. Wherever possible, exposure estimates were compared with toxicological reference values, including health-based guidance values. The high level of exposure (95th percentile) exceeded the toxicological reference value regardless of the substitution scenario for ochratoxin A in the population aged 7-69 years, for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins for children aged 2-6 years and for alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in both examined populations. The margin of exposure was too small for aflatoxin B1. For the remaining 23 mycotoxins with a toxicological reference value, the estimated exposure was below this level.

Download Full-text

A mycotoxin-dedicated total diet study in the Netherlands in 2013: Part I – Design

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2015.1904 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 73-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R.C. Sprong ◽

L. de Wit-Bos ◽

M.J. Zeilmaker ◽

M. Alewijn ◽

J.J.M. Castenmiller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Food Category ◽

Additional Food ◽

Total Diet Study ◽

Food Items ◽

Total Diet ◽

Diet Study ◽

Composite Samples

A mycotoxin-dedicated total diet study (mTDS) allowing assessment of occurrence and dietary exposure to these substances was developed and carried out in the Netherlands in 2013. First, literature was searched to establish the occurrence profile of mycotoxins. Next, foods as consumed according to the Dutch National Food Consumption Surveys (DNFCS) for young children and persons aged 7-69 years, categorised in several food categories, were ranked according to their summed consumption. Subsequently, foods with the highest consumptions were included to cover >85% of the consumption of a particular food category. In some cases, foods other than those contributing to the upper 85% consumption within a food category were included based on their expected high mycotoxin contamination. In some other cases, foods not contributing to mycotoxin exposure were excluded. This resulted in 130 foods to be included in this mTDS. Since a sample size of 12 was established per food, 1,560 food items were purchased for the population aged 7-69 years. Fifty seven additional food items were purchased to take into account the different consumption profile of young children. The 1,617 food items were prepared as consumed based on information available in the food consumption surveys. The prepared food items were combined according to the different consumption forms of the 130 selected foods (e.g. fresh, canned or frozen). This resulted in 213 subsamples, which were proportionally to their consumption further pooled into 88 composite samples. These composite samples covered 87 and 88% of the amount foods consumed by young children and the population aged 7-69 years, respectively. This design allows analysis of mycotoxin occurrence and the subsequent exposure assessment using aggregated food categories reflected by the 88 composite samples, as well as a more refined approach by analysing 213 subsamples.

Download Full-text

Levels of eight heavy metals and health risk assessment considering food consumption by China's residents based on the 5th China total diet study

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.502 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 689 ◽

pp. 1141-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Junxiao Wei ◽

Juanqin Gao ◽

Kuang Cen

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Health Risk ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Total Diet Study ◽

Total Diet ◽

Diet Study

Download Full-text

Dietary intake of protein and fat of 12- to 36-month-old children in a Dutch Total Diet Study

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-021-02653-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Annemieke Maria Pustjens ◽

Jacqueline Jozefine Maria Castenmiller ◽

Jan Dirk te Biesebeek ◽

Polly Ester Boon

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Age Groups ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Total Diet Study ◽

Consumption Data ◽

Group 12 ◽

Food Consumption Survey ◽

Total Diet ◽

Diet Study

Abstract Purpose This study attempted gaining insight into the intake of protein and fat of 12- to 36-month-old children in the Netherlands. Methods In 2017, a Total Diet Study (TDS) was carried out in the Netherlands including following three age groups: 12–17-, 18–23- and 24- to 36-month-old children. Protein and fat concentrations of 164 composite samples were analysed and combined with the consumption data from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2012–2016 (DNFCS). Results Median protein intake of the 12- to 35-month-old Dutch children based on the TDS was 35 g/day with main contributions from the food subgroups “milk and milk-based beverages”, “beef” and “yoghurts and desserts”. Median fat intake was 34 g/day with main contributions from the food subgroups “margarines”, “cheeses” and “milk and milk-based beverages”. For the youngest age group (12- to 18-month-old children), (ready to drink) follow-on formula was one of the main contributors to the fat intake. Conclusion Compared to the EFSA reference values, protein intake of the Dutch 12- to 36-month-old children is high, whereas fat intake follows the reference intake. A TDS is a suitable instrument to estimate macronutrient intakes.

Download Full-text

Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment of Mercury from the Korean Total Diet Study

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A ◽

10.1080/15287390903213061 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 72 (21-22) ◽

pp. 1484-1492 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Young Min Kwon ◽

Haeng Shin Lee ◽

Dong Chul Yoo ◽

Chun Huem Kim ◽

Gi Sun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Total Diet Study ◽

Total Diet ◽

Diet Study

Download Full-text

Dietary Intake of Vitamin D in the Czech Population: A Comparison with Dietary Reference Values, Main Food Sources Identified by a Total Diet Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10101452 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1452 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Svatava Bischofova ◽

Marcela Dofkova ◽

Jitka Blahova ◽

Radek Kavrik ◽

Jana Nevrla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Reference Values ◽

Food Sources ◽

Total Diet Study ◽

Czech Population ◽

Dietary Reference Values ◽

Total Diet ◽

Diet Study

The usual dietary intake of vitamin D was studied in 10 subgroups of the Czech population. Food consumption data was collected using repeated 24 h recall in a national cross-sectional survey (the Study of Individual Food Consumption, SISP04), and the vitamin D content in marketed foods was quantified within the national Total Diet Study (2014–2015). The Monte Carlo Risk Assessment computational model (version MCRA 8.2) was used to assess usual intake. The median vitamin D intakes for the Czech population (aged 4–90 years, both genders) were within a range of 2.5–5.1 μg/day. The highest median intake, excluding dietary supplements, was observed in men aged 18–64, and the lowest was observed in children aged 4–6 and girls aged 11–17. The main sources in the diet were hen eggs (21–28% of usual dietary intake), fine bakery wares (11–19%), cow’s milk and dairy products (7–23%), meat and meat products (4–12%), fish (6–20%), and margarines (7–18%). The dietary intake of vitamin D for more than 95% of the Czech population was below the recommended Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). These findings should encourage public health authorities to support interventions and education and implement new regulatory measures for improving intake.

Download Full-text