additional food
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2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
ABHIJIT SARKAR ◽  
PANKAJ KUMAR TIWARI ◽  
SAMARES PAL

Significant variations of the water-level of the lake can have a strong impact on the persistence of species. Indeed, when the water-level is low, during the autumn, the contact between the predator and the prey is more frequent, and the predation increases. Conversely, when the water-level is high, in the spring, it is more difficult for the predator to find a prey and the predation decreases. In this paper, we consider a seasonally varying predator–prey model to study the influence of water-level variations on the interaction between two species of fishes in an artificial lake. A seasonal variation of the water-level is introduced in the predation rate. The predator population is provided some additional food apart from the focal prey, and follows logistic growth in the absence of prey population. As control upon the over predation, the predator population is harvested. Sensitivity analysis shows that the biomass of predator population is highly sensitive to the additional food and water variations. In the absence of additional food, our results show bursting patterns of fishes whereas positive periodic solution arises if the additional food is available in sufficient amount. The positive periodic solution is shown to be globally stable. Higher values of water-level fluctuations induce double periodic oscillations. Our findings show that providing additional food source to the generalist predator together with water-level fluctuations exerts a strong influence on the interaction between fishes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Freidenreich ◽  
Sanku Dattamudi ◽  
Yuncong C. Li ◽  
Krishnaswamy Jayachandran

Agricultural practices, specifically crop and land management schemes, greatly influence the ability of soil to produce CO2 under varying conditions. A 2-year research study was planned to quantify carbon-dioxide (CO2) emission fluxes and total C (TC) contribution in a no-till tropical soil under carambola with sunn hemp-velvet bean cover cropping (CC) systems. Composted poultry manure (PM) was applied as an additional N source. The treatments were fallow control (F), fallow with PM (FM), sunn hemp (SH), SH with PM (SHM), velvet bean (VB), and VB with PM (VBM). Average daily CO2 emission from VB was 23 and 15% higher than control and SH plots, respectively, during CC growing season. Similarly, CO2 emission after CC termination was highest from VB plots. About 17% higher CO2-C emission was observed from manure applied plots which indicates that additional food sources stimulated microbial activity in the soils and subsequently produced more CO2. However, total C contribution in SH plots were significantly higher than in VB plots and was more apparent when manure was not applied. Soil and air temperature played key roles in CO2 emission, specifically during the CC growing season. Considering both input and output parameters of C in the soil, our results suggest that SH has the better potential in reducing CO2 emission and accumulating more C in the soil than VB in tropical fruit orchard.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Romadona Fatimah Dewi ◽  
Very Kusuma Ningtyas ◽  
Anisah Nasih Zulfa ◽  
Farrah Farandina ◽  
Vivi Nuraini

ABSTRAKMasalah stunting menjadi isu penting yang harus diselesaikan secara bersama-sama.  Faktor kemiskinan dan pengetahuan yang rendah menjadi faktor utama yang harus dihadapi untuk pencegahan stunting.  Pencegahan stunting harus dilakukan sedini mungkin, sejak janin masih di dalam kandungan.  Periode 1000 hari pertama anak harus diselamatkan. Untuk menekan jumlah stunting harus ada kerjasama  antara pemerintah, dinas kesehatan, dinas sosial dan masyarakat luas. Salah satu cara menekan stunting adalah dengan peningkatan kesadaran stunting melalui sosialisasi dan pendampingan. Pengabdian dilaksanakan oleh tim KKN kelompok 24 yang berkerjasama dengan fakultas teknologi dan industri Pangan Universitas Slamet Riyadi Surakarta serta pemerintah Kelurahan Semanggi.  Kelurahan Semanggi kecamatan pasar Kliwon termasuk salah satu Desa dengan angkat stunting tinggi. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dimulai dari FGD. Hasil FGD menunjukkan bahwa bahnya masyarajat Desa Semanggi masih memiliki pengetahuan dan kesadaran yang rendah terhadap penanggulangan bahya stunting. Untuk itu Tim KKN Kelompok 24 memulai kegiatan dengan pendataan dengan tujuan mendapatkan data terbaru jumlah ibu hamil di Kelurahan Semanggi, Hasil pendataan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 55 ibu hamil yang 34 diantaranya termasuk dalam program keluarga miskin (GAKIN).  Setelah  pendataan dilanjutkan dengan penyusunan materi, pembuatan video penyuluhan, proses penyuluhan dan terahir evaluasi dan pemberian makanan tambahan untuk ibu hamil. Hasil penyuluhan menunjukkan bahwa ibu hamil menjadi lebih memahami bahaya stunting dan terjadi peningkatan upaya pencegahan dari diri sendiri.  Kata Kunci: pencegahan stunting; pemberian makanan tambahan (PMT) ABSTRACTThe problem of stunting is an important issue that must be solved together. Poverty and low knowledge are the main factors that must be faced for stunting prevention.Prevention of stunting must be done as early as possible, since the fetus is still in the womb. The period of the first 1000 days of the child must be saved. To reduce the number of stunting, there must be cooperation between the government, health services, social services and the wider community. One way to suppress stunting is to increase awareness of stunting through socialization and mentoring. The service is carried out by a group of 24 KKN team in collaboration with the Faculty of Technology and Food Industry, Slamet Riyadi University, Surakarta and the Semanggi Village government.Semanggi Village, Pasar Kliwon Subdistrict, is one of the villages with high stunting rates. The implementation of activities starts from the FGD. The results of the FGD showed that the people of Semanggi Village still had low knowledge and awareness of stunting prevention. For this reason, the KKN Group 24 Team started activities with data collection with the aim of getting the latest data on the number of pregnant women in Semanggi Village. After data collection, it was continued with the preparation of materials, making counseling videos, the counseling process and finally evaluating and providing additional food for pregnant women. The results of the counseling showed that pregnant women became more aware of the dangers of stunting and there was an increase in self-prevention efforts. Keywords: stunting prevention; supplementary feeding


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 959-968
Author(s):  
Endang Susilowati ◽  
Endang Surani ◽  
Isna Hudaya

AbstractThe incidence of stunting in children can cause the low quality of a country's Human Resources (HR). Stunting causes poor cognitive abilities, low productivity, and increased risk of disease resulting in long-term losses for the Indonesian economy. Stunting also has other long-term impacts, namely the risk of suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease, hypertension, cancer, and stroke. Community participation is needed in the government's efforts to tackle stunting. Community behavior problems that are factors that cause stunting include 1) Lack of environmental hygiene 2) Lack of knowledge of mothers about health and nutrition 3) Busy parents 4) Poverty. GERMAS CETING (Community Movement to Prevent Stunting) is a community movement that is carried out jointly and continuously in order to increase public awareness in stunting prevention efforts with the main target of the entire community being Cadres, pregnant women and mothers of toddlers and other potential groups by integrating all specific interventions and interventions. sensitive. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge of cadres and mothers of toddlers about stunting and to improve the skills of cadres and mothers of toddlers in making additional food according to the child's age. The implementation method used is problem identification, determining problem solving framework, conducting pre test, providing Health Education and training, conducting post test. There was an increase in mother's knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding, MP-ASI and PHBS. The results of the analysis are known p value 0.000. Keywords: Germas; ceting; cadres; mother of toddlers AbstrakKejadian stunting pada anak dapat menyebabkan rendahnya kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) suatu negara. Keadaan Stunting menyebabkan buruknya kemampuan kognitif, rendahnya produktivitas, serta meningkatnya risiko penyakit mengakibatkan kerugian jangka panjang bagi ekonomi Indonesia. Stunting juga menimbulkan dampak jangka panjang yang lain yaitu berisiko menderita penyakit kronis seperti diabetes mellitus (DM), jantung koroner, hipertensi, kanker, dan stroke. Partisipasi masyarakat sangat dibutuhkan dalam dalam upaya pemerintah untuk penanggulangan stunting. Masalah perilaku masyarakat yang menjadi faktor penyebab stunting antara lain 1) Kurangnya menjaga kebersihan lingkungan 2) Kurangnya pengetahuan ibu mengenai kesehatan dan gizi 3) Kesibukan orangtua 4) Kemiskinan. GERMAS CETING (Gerakan masyarakat cegah stunting) merupakan gerakan masyarakat yang dilakukan secara bersama dan berkesinambungan dalam rangka meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam upaya pencegahan stunting dengan sasaran seluruh masyarakat utamanya adalah Kader, ibu hamil dan ibu balita serta kelompok potensial lainnya dengan mengintegrasikan seluruh intervensi spesifik dan intervensi sensitive. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan kader dan ibu balita tentang Stunting serta Meningkatkan ketrampilan kader dan ibu balita dalam pembuatan makanan tambahan sesuai dengan usia anak. Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan adalah identifikasi masalah, menentukan kerangka pemecahan masalah, melakukan pre test, memberikan Pendidikan Kesehatan dan pelatihan, melakukan pos test. Terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan ibu tentang ASI eksklusif, MP-ASI dan PHBS. Hasil Analisa diketahui p value 0.000. Kata kunci: Germas; ceting;kader;ibubalita


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1046-1052
Author(s):  
Amanda Ilmi Muskhafi ◽  
I Isytiaroh

AbstractExclusive breastfeeding is the best important for infants and natural food. Without any other additional food, breast milk can provide sufficient nutrition for 0-6 months old infant especially for primigravida mothers who do not have experience in breastfeeding so it is necessary to provide health education about exclusive breastfeeding so that the knowledge and attitudes of primigravida pregnant women are good. The scientific report was written to show the improvement of pregnant women’s knowledge and attitudes towards exclusive breastfeeding after being given counseling, based on a literature review. The results showed that the respondent, knowledge and attitude after the intervention were improved to 83,33% and 87%. In conclusion, health counceling could increase knowledge and attitude of pregnant women.Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding; Pregnant women; Knowledge; Attitude AbstrakPemberian ASI Eksklusif sangat penting untuk bayi dan juga mempunyai sifat alami. Bayi berusia 0-6 bulan cukup dengan ASI saja tanpa tambahan makanan atau minuman yang lain khususnya pada ibu primigravida yang belum mempunyai pengalaman dalam memberikan ASI sehingga perlu diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang ASI Eksklusif agar pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil primigravida baik. Tujuan karya tulis ilmiah ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil tentang ASI Eksklusif setelah dilakukan penyuluhan berdasarkan literature review. Hasil dari ketiga artikel menunjukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap sebelum intervensi dan sesudah intervensi dengan hasil pengetahuan baik sebesar 83,3% dan memilki sikap positif sebesar 87%. Simpulanya adalah penyuluhan kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil. Kata kunci: ASI eksklusif; Ibu hamil; Pengetahuan; Sikap


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly R. Neill ◽  
Chris I. R. Gill ◽  
Emma J. McDonald ◽  
W. Colin McRoberts ◽  
L. Kirsty Pourshahidi

Hypovitaminosis D is prevalent worldwide, with many populations failing to achieve the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for vitamin D (10–20 μg/day). Owing to low vitamin D intakes, limited exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) induced dermal synthesis, lack of mandatory fortification and poor uptake in supplement advice, additional food-based strategies are warranted to enable the UK population to achieve optimal vitamin D intakes, thus reducing musculoskeletal risks or suboptimal immune functioning. The aims of the current study were to (1) determine any changes to vitamin D intake and status over a 9-year period, and (2) apply dietary modeling to predict the impact of vitamin D biofortification of pork and pork products on population intakes. Data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (Year 1–9; 2008/09–2016/17) were analyzed to explore nationally representative mean vitamin D intakes and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations (n = 13,350). Four theoretical dietary scenarios of vitamin D pork biofortification were computed (vitamin D content +50/100/150/200% vs. standard). Vitamin D intake in the UK population has not changed significantly from 2008 to 2017 and in 2016/17, across all age groups, 13.2% were considered deficient [25(OH)D <25 nmol/L]. Theoretically, increasing vitamin D concentrations in biofortified pork by 50, 100, 150, and 200%, would increase vitamin population D intake by 4.9, 10.1, 15.0, and 19.8% respectively. When specifically considering the impact on gender and age, based on the last scenario, a greater relative change was observed in males (22.6%) vs. females (17.8%). The greatest relative change was observed amongst 11–18 year olds (25.2%). Vitamin D intakes have remained stable in the UK for almost a decade, confirming that strategies are urgently required to help the population achieve the RNI for vitamin D. Biofortification of pork meat provides a proof of concept, demonstrating that animal-based strategies may offer an important contribution to help to improve the vitamin D intakes of the UK population, particularly adolescents.


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