Osseous Healing Using Injectable Calcium Sulfate-Based Putty for the Delivery of Demineralized Bone Matrix and Cancellous Bone Chips

Cadaveric decellularized bone tissue is utilized as an allograft in many musculoskeletal surgical procedures. Typically, the allograft acts as a scaffold to guide tissue regeneration with superior biocompatibility relative to synthetic scaffolds. Traditionally these scaffolds are machined into the required dimensions and shapes. However, the geometrical simplicity and, in some cases, limited dimensions of the donated tissue restrict the use of allograft scaffolds. This could be overcome by additive manufacturing using granulated bone that is both decellularized and demineralized. In this study, the large area projection sintering (LAPS) method is evaluated as a fabrication method to build porous structures composed of granulated cortical bone bound by polycaprolactone (PCL). This additive manufacturing method utilizes visible light to selectively cure the deposited material layer-by-layer to create 3D geometry. First, the spreading behavior of the composite mixtures is evaluated and the conditions to attain improved powder bed density to fabricate the test specimens are determined. The tensile strength of the LAPS fabricated samples in both dry and hydrated states are determined and compared to the demineralized cancellous bone allograft and the heat treated demineralized-bone/PCL mixture in mold. The results indicated that the projection sintered composites of 45–55 wt %. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) particulates produced strength comparable to processed and demineralized cancellous bone.

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Demineralized bone matrix and human cancellous bone enhance fixation of porous-coated titanium implants in sheep

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine ◽

10.1002/term.1685 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 245-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hassan Babiker ◽

Ming Ding ◽

Søren Overgaard

Keyword(s):

Cancellous Bone ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Human Cancellous Bone ◽

Demineralized Bone

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Injectable Bone Graft in Rabbit Radius Defects: Influence of Demineralized Bone Matrix, Bone Marrow and Cancellous Bone

Bone Transplantation ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-83571-1_38 ◽

1989 ◽

pp. 214-215

Author(s):

K. G. Thorngren ◽

P. Aspenberg ◽

J. Wittbjer

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Graft ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Demineralized Bone ◽

Injectable Bone Graft

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Preparation and Characterization of Moldable Demineralized Bone Matrix/Calcium Sulfate Composite Bone Graft Materials

Journal of Functional Biomaterials ◽

10.3390/jfb12040056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

I-Cheng Chen ◽

Chen-Ying Su ◽

Chun-Cheih Lai ◽

Yi-Syue Tsou ◽

Yudong Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Washout Rate ◽

Graft Material ◽

Noncollagenous Proteins ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Demineralized Bone ◽

Composite Bone

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a decalcified allo/xenograft retaining collagen and noncollagenous proteins, which has been extensively used because of its osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4, CS) is a synthetic bone substitute used in bone healing with biocompatible, nontoxic, bioabsorbable, osteoconductive, and good mechanical characteristics. This study aims to prepare a DBM/CS composite bone graft material in a moldable putty form without compromising the peculiar properties of DBM and CS. For this purpose, firstly, porcine femur was defatted using chloroform/methanol and extracted by acid for demineralization, then freeze-dried and milled/sieved to obtain DBM powder. Secondly, the α-form and β-form of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4 •0.5H2O, CSH) were produced by heating gypsum (CaSO4 •2H2O). The morphology and particle sizes of α- and β-CSH were obtained by SEM, and their chemical properties were confirmed by EDS, FTIR and XRD. Furthermore, the DBM-based graft was mixed with α- or β-CSH at a ratio of 9:1, and glycerol/4% HPMC was added as a carrier to produce a putty. DBM/CSH putty possesses a low washout rate, good mechanical strength and biocompatibility. In conclusion, we believe that the moldable DBM/CSH composite putty developed in this study could be a promising substitute for the currently available bone grafts, and might have practical application in the orthopedics field as a potential bone void filler.

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Comparison of bone healing by demineralized bone matrix and autogenous cancellous bone in horses

Veterinary Surgery ◽

10.1053/jvet.2000.5601 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 218-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Christopher E. Kawcak ◽

Gayle W. Trotter ◽

Barbara E. Powers ◽

Richard D. Park ◽

A. Simon Turner

Keyword(s):

Cancellous Bone ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Demineralized Bone

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Fibrous Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) Improves Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell (BMC)-Supported Bone Healing in Large Femoral Bone Defects in Rats

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10051249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1249

Author(s):

René D. Verboket ◽

Tanja Irrle ◽

Yannic Busche ◽

Alexander Schaible ◽

Katrin Schröder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell ◽

Femoral Bone ◽

Demineralized Bone

Regeneration of large bone defects is a major objective in trauma surgery. Bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMC)-supported bone healing was shown to be efficient after immobilization on a scaffold. We hypothesized that fibrous demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in various forms with BMCs is superior to granular DBM. A total of 65 male SD rats were assigned to five treatment groups: syngenic cancellous bone (SCB), fibrous demineralized bone matrix (f-DBM), fibrous demineralized bone matrix densely packed (f-DBM 120%), DBM granules (GDBM) and DBM granules 5% calcium phosphate (GDBM5%Ca2+). BMCs from donor rats were combined with different scaffolds and placed into 5 mm femoral bone defects. After 8 weeks, bone mineral density (BMD), biomechanical stability and histology were assessed. Similar biomechanical properties of f-DBM and SCB defects were observed. Similar bone and cartilage formation was found in all groups, but a significantly bigger residual defect size was found in GDBM. High bone healing scores were found in f-DBM (25) and SCB (25). The application of DBM in fiber form combined with the application of BMCs shows promising results comparable to the gold standard, syngenic cancellous bone. Denser packing of fibers or higher amount of calcium phosphate has no positive effect.

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