scholarly journals The relation between host competence and vector-feeding preference in a multi-host model: Chagas and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 5561-5583
Author(s):  
Rocio Caja Rivera ◽  
◽  
Shakir Bilal ◽  
Edwin Michael ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Host Competence

scholarly journals Complexity and critical thresholds in the dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 200904
Author(s):  
Shakir Bilal ◽  
Rocio Caja Rivera ◽  
Anuj Mubayi ◽  
Edwin Michael
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Stable Region ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Host Competence

We study a general multi-host model of visceral leishmaniasis including both humans and animals, and where host and vector characteristics are captured via host competence along with vector biting preference. Additionally, the model accounts for spatial heterogeneity in human population and heterogeneity in biting behaviour of sandflies. We then use parameters for visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent as an example and demonstrate that the model exhibits backward bifurcation, i.e. it has a human infection and a sandfly population threshold, characterized by a bi-stable region. These thresholds shift as a function of host competence, host population size, vector feeding preference, spatial heterogeneity, biting heterogeneity and control efforts. In particular, if control is applied through human treatment a new and lower human infection threshold is created, making elimination difficult to achieve, before eventually the human infection threshold no longer exists, making it impossible to control the disease by only reducing the infection levels below a certain threshold. A better strategy would be to reduce the human infection below a certain threshold potentially by early diagnosis, control animal population levels and keep the vector population under check. Spatial heterogeneity in human populations lowers the overall thresholds as a result of weak migration between patches.

Watch for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Soldiers

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
DAMIAN MCNAMARA
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with itraconazole. Randomized double-blind study

1996 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
pp. 784-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Z. Momeni
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind

Clinical, epidemiological and climatic factors related to the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Oliveira ◽  
K. B. A. Pimentel ◽  
M. L. Moura ◽  
C. F. Aragão ◽  
A. S. Guimarães-e-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with a wide distribution in the Americas. Brazil is an endemic country and present cases in all states. This study aimed to describe the occurrence, the underlying clinical and epidemiological factors, and the correlation of climatic variables with the frequency of reported CL cases in the municipality of Caxias, state of Maranhão, Brazil. This is a retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study based on data extracted from the Brazilian Information System of Diseases Notification, from 2007 to 2017. Maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and relative air humidity data were provided by the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. A total of 201 reported autochthonous CL cases were analyzed. The predominance of cases was observed in males (70.1%). The age range between 31 and 60 years old was the most affected, with 96 cases (47.9%). Of the total number of registered cases, 38.8% of the affected individuals were engaged in agriculture-related activities. The georeferenced distribution revealed the heterogeneity of disease occurrence, with cases concentrated in the Western and Southern regions of the municipality. An association was detected between relative air humidity (monthly mean) and the number of CL cases per month (p = 0.04). CL continues to be a concerning public health issue in Caxias. In this context, there is a pressing need to strengthen measures of prevention and control of the disease through the network of health services of the municipality, considering local and regional particularities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document