One Hundred Years of Ferroelectrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Da Jeong KIM ◽  
Tae Kwon SONG
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Rochelle Salt ◽  
Switching Dynamics ◽  
History Of

The brief history of ferroelectrics and related piezoelectrics and pyroelectrics is reviewed in terms of basic science and application. In 1920, J. Valasek discovered the ferroelectricity of Rochelle salt. Since then ferroelectrics have been widely used for sensors, actuators, and electronic and optical devices. Also, phase transitions in solids and hysteretic switching dynamics have been studied in ferroelectrics.

Multiple phase transitions investigated by high-speed TEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
Oleg Bostanjoglo ◽  
Peter Thomsen-Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Semiconductor Film ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Short Exposure Time ◽  
Multiple Phase ◽  
Model Substance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electron Image

Thin GexTe1-x (x = 0.15-0.8) were studied as a model substance of a composite semiconductor film, in addition being of interest for optical storage material. Two complementary modes of time-resolved TEM were used to trace the phase transitions, induced by an attached Q-switched (50 ns FWHM) and frequency doubled (532 nm) Nd:YAG laser. The laser radiation was focused onto the specimen within the TEM to a 20 μm spot (FWHM). Discrete intermediate states were visualized by short-exposure time doubleframe imaging /1,2/. The full history of a transformation was gained by tracking the electron image intensity with photomultiplier and storage oscilloscopes (space/time resolution 100 nm/3 ns) /3/. In order to avoid radiation damage by the probing electron beam to detector and specimen, the beam is pulsed in this continuous mode of time-resolved TEM,too.Short events ( <2 μs) are followed by illuminating with an extended single electron pulse (fig. 1c)

scholarly journals Discovery, development and application of drugs targeting BCL-2 pro-survival proteins in cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erinna F. Lee ◽  
W. Douglas Fairlie
Keyword(s):  
Structural Biology ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
New Class ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Close Relatives

The discovery of a new class of small molecule compounds that target the BCL-2 family of anti-apoptotic proteins is one of the great success stories of basic science leading to translational outcomes in the last 30 years. The eponymous BCL-2 protein was identified over 30 years ago due to its association with cancer. However, it was the unveiling of the biochemistry and structural biology behind it and its close relatives’ mechanism(s)-of-action that provided the inspiration for what are now known as ‘BH3-mimetics’, the first clinically approved drugs designed to specifically inhibit protein–protein interactions. Herein, we chart the history of how these drugs were discovered, their evolution and application in cancer treatment.

Erratum: “Study of Ferroelectric Phase Transitions in the Rochelle Salt with the Pseudo-Spin-Lattice Coupled Mode Model”

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2416-2416
Author(s):  
Bijay Krishna Chaudhuri ◽  
Tooru Atake ◽  
Suvra Ganguli ◽  
Hideaki Chihara
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase ◽  
Rochelle Salt ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Coupled Mode ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase Transitions

Electromechanical Coefficients at Ferroelectric Phase Transitions Rochelle Salt and RbHSO4

1984 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Beige ◽  
A. Kühnel
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase ◽  
Rochelle Salt ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase Transitions

scholarly journals A geological history of reflecting optics

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Richard Parker
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
New Records ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Optical Reflectors

Optical reflectors in animals are diverse and ancient. The first image-forming eye appeared around 543 million years ago. This introduced vision as a selection pressure in the evolution of animals, and consequently the evolution of adapted optical devices. The earliest known optical reflectors—diffraction gratings—are 515 Myr old. The subsequent fossil record preserves multilayer reflectors, including liquid crystals and mirrors, ‘white’ and ‘blue’ scattering structures, antireflective surfaces and the very latest addition to optical physics—photonic crystals. The aim of this article is to reveal the diversity of reflecting optics in nature, introducing the first appearance of some reflector types as they appear in the fossil record as it stands (which includes many new records) and backdating others in geological time through evolutionary analyses. This article also reveals the commercial potential for these optical devices, in terms of lessons from their nano-level designs and the possible emulation of their engineering processes—molecular self-assembly.

scholarly journals The unified history of the viscous accelerating universe and phase transitions

2021 ◽  
pp. 115646
Author(s):  
A.V. Astashenok ◽  
S.D. Odintsov ◽  
A.S. Tepliakov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Accelerating Universe ◽  
History Of

History of Korea Ferroelectric Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Sang-Don BU ◽  
Ill Won KIM
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Research Society ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
Dielectric Study ◽  
Rochelle Salt ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Research Grant

Research Center for Dielectric Study was supported by the Korean Research Foundation from the government. In 1991, Professor Jang, Min-Soo along with 22 other professors, received a research grant of 7 billion won for 10 years, which enabled the Korean Ferroelectric Research Society to be competitive globally. The 9th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity, which is held every four years, was held in Seoul in 1997. The first dielectric joint symposium organized by condensed-matter physics and materials science researchers was held in 2005. The Korean Dielectrics Society was established at Muju resort in 2017, with Professors Tae Won Noh and Jaichan Lee representing the condensed-matter physics and materials science communities, respectively. Currently, more than 300 members are actively participating in the Korean Dielectric Society. To celebrate the 100th anniversary of ferroelectricity, which was fist discovered in Rochelle salt by Joseph Valasek in 1921, we organized a special session in the 2020 Korean Physics Society Fall Meeting.

Early Work on Defect Driven Phase Transitions

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (30) ◽  
pp. 1630018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael Kosterlitz ◽  
David J. Thouless
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Superfluid Helium ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Early History ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Helium Films ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
History Of

This article summarizes the early history of the theory of phase transitions driven by topological defects, such as vortices in superfluid helium films or dislocations and disclinations in two-dimensional solids. We start with a review of our two earliest papers, pointing out their errors and omissions as well as their insights. We then describe the work, partly done by Kosterlitz but mostly done by other people, which corrected these oversights, and applied these ideas to experimental systems, and to numerical and experimental simulations.

Structure and optical characterization of Rochelle salt dye inclusion crystals and the fluorescence detection of their phase transitions

1997 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Sedarous ◽  
J. Anand Subramony ◽  
Bart Kahr
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Optical Characterization ◽  
Rochelle Salt
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