Early-Life Nutritional Programming of Cognition—The Fundamental Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Mediating the Relation between Early-Life Environment and Learning and Memory Process

Available data from both experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that inadequate diet in early life can permanently change the structure and function of specific organs or homoeostatic pathways, thereby ‘programming’ the individual’s health status and longevity. Sufficient evidence has accumulated showing significant impact of epigenetic regulation mechanisms in nutritional programming phenomenon. The essential role of early-life diet in the development of aging-related chronic diseases is well established and described in many scientific publications. However, the programming effects on lifespan have not been extensively reviewed systematically. The aim of the review is to provide a summary of research findings and theoretical explanations that indicate that longevity can be influenced by early nutrition.

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The Effect and Potential Mechanism of Maternal Micronutrient Intake on Offspring Glucose Metabolism: An Emerging Field

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.763809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yifan Wu ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

Xinhua Xiao

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Early Life ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Later Life ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Early Life Environment ◽

Micronutrient Status ◽

Micronutrient Intake ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors

Diabetes has become the most common metabolic disease around the world. In addition to genetic and environmental factors in adulthood, the early life environment is critical to the progression of diabetes in adults, especially the environment during the fetal period; this concept is called “fetal programming.” Substantial evidence has illustrated the key role of early life macronutrient in programming metabolic diseases. Recently, the effect of maternal micronutrient intake on offspring glucose metabolism during later life has become an emerging field. This review focuses on updated human and animal evidence about the effect of maternal micronutrient status on offspring glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanism.

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Effects of early-life environment and epigenetics on cardiovascular disease risk in children: highlighting the role of twin studies

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1038/pr.2013.6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 73 (2-4) ◽

pp. 523-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Cong Sun ◽

David P. Burgner ◽

Anne-Louise Ponsonby ◽

Richard Saffery ◽

Rae-Chi Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Early Life ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Twin Studies ◽

Early Life Environment

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The Cultural Origin of CEOs’ Attitudes toward Uncertainty: Evidence from Corporate Acquisitions

Review of Financial Studies ◽

10.1093/rfs/hhz109 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 2977-3030

Author(s):

Yihui Pan ◽

Stephan Siegel ◽

Tracy Yue Wang

Keyword(s):

Cultural Identity ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Early Life ◽

Cultural Transmission ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Corporate Acquisitions ◽

Transmission Process ◽

Early Life Environment

Abstract We examine the role of cultural heritage in shaping U.S. CEOs’ attitudes toward uncertainty, in the context of their corporate acquisition decisions. We find that CEOs with a more uncertainty-avoiding cultural heritage are less likely to engage in acquisitions. Conditional on making an acquisition, uncertainty-averse CEOs prefer targets in familiar industries and targets that can be more easily integrated. The emphasis on cultural identity by CEOs’ parents and the ethnic composition of CEOs’ early life environment significantly influence the cultural transmission process. Cultural differences about uncertainty attitudes persist over multiple generations, but become less pronounced over time. (JEL G34, G4, G40, G41)

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