Aerosol particle formation in the Lithuanian hemi-boreal forest

Aerosol particle observations are needed to determine the conditions of particle formation and growth in different environments. This research focuses on new particle formation (NPF) events in the hemi-boreal forest environment at the Aukštaitija Integrated Monitoring Station (IMS) (55°26ʹN and 26°04ʹE, 170 m above the sea level). The parameterisation of aerosol particle Nucleation I (3–10 nm), Nucleation II (10–20 nm) and Aitken (20–100 nm) modes was performed, their inputs to the total particle number concentration (PNC) and distribution were assessed. It has been estimated that around 40% of days in spring and 22% in summer were NPF event days. The highest contribution of Nucleation mode I aerosol particles was observed in June, reaching up to 38% of the total PNC values. The mean growth rate (GR) and condensation sink (CS) values at the Aukštaitija IMS in April and May were 2.9 nm·h–1, 1.30·10–3 s–1 and 5.3 nm·h–1, 1.35·10–3 s–1, respectively. The GR and CS values were well in agreement with the results obtained from other hemi-boreal forest sites in the Baltic Sea region.

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Annual and interannual variation in boreal forest aerosol particle number and volume concentration and their connection to particle formation

Tellus B ◽

10.3402/tellusb.v60i4.16940 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Miikka Dal Maso ◽

Antti Hyvärinen ◽

Mika Komppula ◽

Peter Tunved ◽

Veli-Matti Kerminen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boreal Forest ◽

Aerosol Particle ◽

Interannual Variation ◽

Particle Number ◽

Volume Concentration ◽

Particle Formation

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Identification and classification of the formation of intermediate ions measured in boreal forest

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-7-201-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 201-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

A. Hirsikko ◽

T. Bergman ◽

L. Laakso ◽

M. Dal Maso ◽

I. Riipinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boreal Forest ◽

Aerosol Particle ◽

Size Range ◽

Aerosol Particles ◽

Charged Particles ◽

Negative Ions ◽

Particle Formation ◽

Air Ions ◽

Charged Aerosol ◽

Positively Charged

Abstract. We have measured the size distributions of air ions (0.42–7.5 nm in diameter) with the Balanced Scanning Mobility Analyzer in boreal forest, in Southern Finland since spring 2003. The size range covers the size range of cluster ions (approximately 0.42–1.6 nm) and naturally charged nanometre aerosol particles (1.6–7.5 nm) or intermediate air ions. Based on the measurements from April 2003 to March 2006 we studied the characteristics of charged aerosol particle formation by classifying each day either as a particle formation event, undefined or non-event day. The principal of the classification, as well as the statistical description of the charged aerosol particle formation events are given. We found in total 270 (26% of the analysed days) and 226 (22% of the analysed days) particle formation days for negative and positive intermediate ions, respectively. For negatively charged particles we classified 411 (40% of the analysed days) undefined and 348 (34% of the analysed days) non-event days whereas for positively charged particles 343 (33% of the analysed days) undefined and 460 (45% of the analysed days) non-event days. The results were compared with the ordinary classification based on the Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) measurements carried out at the same place. The above-presented values differed slightly from that found from the DMPS data, with a lower particle diameter of 3 nm. In addition, we have found the rain-induced intermediate ion bursts frequently. The rain effect was detected on 163 days by means of negative ions and on 105 days by positive ones. Another interesting phenomenon among the charged aerosol particles was the appearance and existence of intermediate ions during the snowfall. We observed this phenomenon 24 times with negatively charged particles and 21 times with positively charged ones during winter months (October–April). These intermediate air ions were seen during the snowfall and may be caused by ice crystals, although the origin of these intermediate ions is unclear at the moment.

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Synthesis and coherent vibrational laser spectroscopy of putative molecular constituents in isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol particles

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-13-29811-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 29811-29843

Author(s):

C. J. Ebben ◽

B. F. Strick ◽

M. A. Upshur ◽

H. M. Chase ◽

J. L. Achtyl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amazon Basin ◽

Particle Formation ◽

Fused Silica ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Initial Reaction ◽

Oh Radicals ◽

Particle Nucleation ◽

Forest Environment ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Physical Measurements

Abstract. SOA particle formation ranks among the least understood processes in the atmosphere, rooted in part in (a) the limited knowledge about SOA chemical composition; (b) the availability of only little concrete evidence for chemical structures; and (c) little availability of reference compounds needed for benchmarking and chemical identification in pure and homogenous form. Here, we address these challenges by synthesizing and subjecting to physical and chemical analysis putative isoprene-derived SOA particle constituents. Our surface-selective spectroscopic analysis of these compounds is followed by comparison to synthetic SOA particles prepared at the Harvard Environmental Chamber (HEC) and to authentic SOA particles collected in a tropical forest environment, namely the Amazon Basin, where isoprene oxidation by OH radicals has been reported to dominate SOA particle formation (Martin et al., 2010b; Sun et al., 2003; Hudson et al., 2008; Yasmeen et al., 2010). We focus on the epoxides and tetraols that have been proposed to be present in the SOA particles. We characterize the compounds prepared here by a variety of physical measurements and polarization-resolved vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG), paying particular attention to the phase state (condensed vs. vapor) of four epoxides and two tetraols in contact with a fused silica window. We compare the spectral responses from the tetraol and epoxide model compounds with those obtained from the natural and synthetic SOA particle samples that were collected on filter substrates and pressed against a fused silica window and discuss a possible match for the SFG response of one of the epoxides with that of the synthetic SOA particle material. We conclude our work by discussing how the approach described here will allow for the study of the SOA particle formation pathways from first- and second-generation oxidation products by effectively "fast-forwarding" through the initial reaction steps of particle nucleation via a chemically resolved approach aimed at testing the underlying chemical mechanisms of SOA particle formation.

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Observations of ultrafine aerosol particle formation and growth in boreal forest

Geophysical Research Letters ◽

10.1029/97gl00920 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1219-1222 ◽

Cited By ~ 225

Author(s):

J. M. Mäkelä ◽

P. Aalto ◽

V. Jokinen ◽

T. Pohja ◽

A. Nissinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boreal Forest ◽

Aerosol Particle ◽

Particle Formation ◽

Ultrafine Aerosol ◽

Particle Formation And Growth

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Occurrence of new particle formation events in Siberian and Finnish boreal forest

10.5194/acp-2021-530 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Helmi Uusitalo ◽

Jenni Kontkanen ◽

Ilona Ylivinkka ◽

Ekaterina Ezhova ◽

Anastasiia Demakova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boreal Forest ◽

Particle Number ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Particle Growth ◽

Particle Formation ◽

Size Distributions ◽

New Particle Formation ◽

Forest Environment ◽

Survival Probabilities ◽

Measured Particle

Abstract. The occurence of new particle formation (NPF) events was investigated at four sites in the boreal forest environment (Hyytiälä SMEAR II and Värriö SMEAR I in Finland; Tomsk-Fonovaya and ZOTTO in Siberia, Russia), by analyzing measured particle number size-distributions (PNSD) and theoretical calculations of particle survival probabilities. NPF events were less frequent at the Siberian sites than at the Finnish sites. This is likely linked to lower survival probabilities of the freshly-formed particles at the Siberian sites, due to higher coagulational losses and lower particle growth rates. Another factor affecting the frequency of observed NPF events is the minimum detectable particle size. When the NPF event classification was made for Hyytiälä, Värriö and Tomsk-Fonovaya sites based on PNSD starting from 15 nm instead of 3 nm, the observed NPF frequencies decreased. This result highlights the importance of measuring PNSD starting from sub-10 nm particles, in order to obtain reliable estimates of the NPF characteristics.

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Aerosol particle formation in the upper residual layer

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-21-7901-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 7901-7915

Author(s):

Janne Lampilahti ◽

Katri Leino ◽

Antti Manninen ◽

Pyry Poutanen ◽

Anna Franck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Boreal Forest ◽

Mixed Layer ◽

Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽

Large Fraction ◽

Aerosol Particles ◽

Lower Troposphere ◽

Particle Formation ◽

Residual Layer ◽

Forest Environment

Abstract. According to current estimates, atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) produces a large fraction of aerosol particles and cloud condensation nuclei in the Earth's atmosphere, which have implications for health and climate. Despite recent advances, atmospheric NPF is still insufficiently understood in the lower troposphere, especially above the mixed layer (ML). This paper presents new results from co-located airborne and ground-based measurements in a boreal forest environment, showing that many NPF events (∼42 %) appear to start in the topmost part of the residual layer (RL). The freshly formed particles may be entrained into the growing mixed layer (ML) where they continue to grow in size, similar to the aerosol particles formed within the ML. The results suggest that in the boreal forest environment, NPF in the upper RL has an important contribution to the aerosol load in the boundary layer (BL).

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Charged and total particle formation and growth rates during EUCAARI 2007 campaign in Hyytiälä

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-9-4077-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 4077-4089 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

H. E. Manninen ◽

T. Nieminen ◽

I. Riipinen ◽

T. Yli-Juuti ◽

S. Gagné ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boreal Forest ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Charged Particles ◽

Particle Formation ◽

New Particle Formation ◽

Aerosol Formation ◽

Total Particle ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Ion Recombination ◽

Particle Formation And Growth

Abstract. Despite the fact that frequent aerosol formation has been observed in various locations in the atmosphere, the overall magnitude of the new particle formation as a particle source is still unclear. In order to understand the particle formation and growth processes, we investigate the magnitudes of the particle formation and growth rates at the size where the real atmospheric nucleation and activation occurs. The relative contribution of neutral and charged particles to the new particle formation rate is also studied. The data include particle and ion number size distributions and total particle concentration measurements at a boreal forest site in Hyytiälä, Finland, during the spring 2007 EUCAARI field campaign. The total and charged particle formation rates differed from each other by approximately an order of magnitude. The median formation rates of 2 nm total and charged particles were 0.65 cm−3 s−1 and 0.03 cm−3 s−1, respectively. The median growth rates of particles in size classes 1.3–3, 3–7 and 7–20 nm were 1.9, 3.6 and 4.2 nm h−1, respectively. The calculated ion-ion recombination rates were about the same order of magnitude as the ion-induced formation rates. The results indicate that the ion-induced nucleation involving the ion-ion recombination products, i.e. ion mediated nucleation, contributes approximately 10% to the boreal forest new particle formation events.

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Annual and interannual variation in boreal forest aerosol particle number and volume concentration and their connection to particle formation

Tellus B ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00366.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 495-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Miikka Dal Maso ◽

Antti Hyvärinen ◽

Mika Komppula ◽

Peter Tunved ◽

Veli-Matti Kerminen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boreal Forest ◽

Aerosol Particle ◽

Interannual Variation ◽

Particle Number ◽

Volume Concentration ◽

Particle Formation

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Aerosol particle formation in the upper residual layer

10.5194/acp-2020-923 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Janne Lampilahti ◽

Katri Leino ◽

Antti Manninen ◽

Pyry Poutanen ◽

Anna Franck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Boreal Forest ◽

Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽

Large Fraction ◽

Aerosol Particles ◽

Particle Formation ◽

Residual Layer ◽

Forest Environment ◽

Near Surface

Abstract. According to current estimates, atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) produces a large fraction of aerosol particles and cloud condensation nuclei in the earth’s atmosphere, therefore having implications for health and climate. Despite recent advances, atmospheric NPF is still insufficiently understood in the upper parts of the boundary layer (BL). In addition, it is unclear how NPF in upper BL is related to the processes observed in the near-surface layer. The role of the topmost part of the residual layer (RL) in NPF is to a large extent unexplored. This paper presents new results from co-located airborne and ground-based measurements in a boreal forest environment, showing that many NPF events (∼42 %) appear to start in the upper RL. The freshly formed particles may be entrained into the growing mixed layer (ML) where they continue to grow in size, similar to the aerosol particles formed within the ML. The results suggest that in the boreal forest environment, NPF in the upper RL has an important contribution to the aerosol load in the BL.

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