scholarly journals Convergence in models of misspecified learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-99
Author(s):  
Paul Heidhues ◽  
Botond Koszegi ◽  
Philipp Strack
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Approximation ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Summary Statistic ◽  
Representative Agent ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Incorrect Model ◽  
Action Spaces

We establish convergence of beliefs and actions in a class of one‐dimensional learning settings in which the agent's model is misspecified, she chooses actions endogenously, and the actions affect how she misinterprets information. Our stochastic‐approximation‐based methods rely on two crucial features: that the state and action spaces are continuous, and that the agent's posterior admits a one‐dimensional summary statistic. Through a basic model with a normal–normal updating structure and a generalization in which the agent's misinterpretation of information can depend on her current beliefs in a flexible way, we show that these features are compatible with a number of specifications of how exactly the agent updates. Applications of our framework include learning by a person who has an incorrect model of a technology she uses or is overconfident about herself, learning by a representative agent who may misunderstand macroeconomic outcomes, and learning by a firm that has an incorrect parametric model of demand.

Yu.F. Samarin’s Model of the National State: Between Archaic and Modern

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Alexey B. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
National State ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
The Face ◽  
Identical Position ◽  
Ethnocultural Community ◽  
Communicative Space

Yu. F. Samarin’s works are traditionally viewed through the prism of his affiliation with Slavophilism. His view of the state is opposed to the idea of the complex empire based on unequal interaction of the central power with the elite of national districts. At the same time it was important for Samarin to see the nation not as an ethnocultural community, but as classless community of equal citizens, who were in identical position in the face of the emperor. Samarin’s attitude to religion and nationality had pragmatic character and were understood as means for the creation of the uniform communicative space inside the state. This position for the most part conformed with the framework of the national state basic model, however there still existed one fundamental difference. Samarin considered not an individual, but the rural community that owned the land, to be the basic unit of the national state. As the result the model of national state was viewed as the synthesis of modernistic (classlessness, pragmatism, equality) and archaic (communality) features.

scholarly journals Wilful entanglements: Extractive industries and the co-production of sovereignty in Mozambique

Ethnography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Extractive Industry ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Separate Spheres ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Industry Sector

This article looks at how actors commonly associated with the separate spheres of the state, private industry, and civil society, are engaging in wilful entanglements to improve the Mozambican state’s capacities in managing the country’s nascent extractive industry sector. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in and around the Ministry of Mineral Resources and Energy, the article suggests that these entanglements renegotiate and co-produce ideas and practices of the state. Historicising and ethnographically unpacking these interactions invites us to rethink one-dimensional accounts of a hollowing out of bounded, nation-state sovereignty under the influence of globalised capitalism.

Hanna Yablonka, Yeladim beseder gamur: biyografiyah dorit shel yelidei haaretz 1948–1955 (Children by the Book, Biography of a Generation: The First Native Israelis Born 1948–1955). Rishon Letziyon: Miskal, 2018. 430 pp.

2021 ◽  
pp. 310-312
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The People ◽  
Native Identity ◽  
The One ◽  
State Educational ◽  
The Right

This chapter examines Hanna Yablonka's Children by the Book, Biography of a Generation: The First Native Israelis Born 1948–1955 (2018). This book is unique in that it is neither politically committed to nationalist political slogans that are thrown daily into the arena of Israeli politics in the days of Netanyahu nor connected to the one-dimensional, sweeping condemnation of critics of the Israeli enterprise on the Right and Left. Instead, it suggests to set aside, even if only for a moment, what Yablonka calls “the current Israeli discourse, which furiously shatters everything that has happened in the state since it was established, brutally erasing all the achievements of Little Israel.” Yabonka is guided by Karl Mannheim's concept of a “historical generation”: a group in which there is a shared historical consciousness derived from historical experience. She shows how the state educational system fashioned the image of the new Israeli, endowing children with a local, native identity and imbuing them with the consciousness of belonging both to the people and to the land.

scholarly journals Author’s toolkit of the state regulation of the development of leasing

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 09010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Nechaev ◽  
Tatiana Romanova ◽  
Maria Tyapkina
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Model ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Financial Leasing ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Advanced Production

The lack of own funds of enterprises is one of the main problems in resolving issues related to the expansion, the acquisition of new equipment or the replacement of the old one. In contemporary economic conditions, it is leasing that is considered one of the most progressive ways of financing business activity. This financial toolkit is able to provide enterprises with access to the most advanced production technologies and equipment. At the same time, this mechanism is paid insufficient attention in our country. To solve these problems, the authors propose, firstly, the implementation of the algorithm for the development of the reproduction of the material and technical base of organizations based on the use of financial leasing. Secondly, a technique for calculating leasing payments based on a parametric model is suggested, taking into account the application of lowering coefficients. The implementation of the proposed toolkit is aimed at improving leasing relations as one of the most important factors of the development of the material and technical base, and funding for reproduction processes.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Evolution of Nonlinear Uniform Cellular Automata in the Light of Deviant States

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabitra Pal Choudhury ◽  
Sudhakar Sahoo ◽  
Mithun Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Boolean Functions ◽  
State Transition ◽  
The State ◽  
Transition Diagram ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
State Transition Diagram ◽  
Linear Rule

Dynamics of a nonlinear cellular automaton (CA) is, in general asymmetric, irregular, and unpredictable as opposed to that of a linear CA, which is highly systematic and tractable, primarily due to the presence of a matrix handle. In this paper, we present a novel technique of studying the properties of the State Transition Diagram of a nonlinear uniform one-dimensional cellular automaton in terms of its deviation from a suggested linear model. We have considered mainly elementary cellular automata with neighborhood of size three, and, in order to facilitate our analysis, we have classified the Boolean functions of three variables on the basis of number and position(s) of bit mismatch with linear rules. The concept of deviant and nondeviant states is introduced, and hence an algorithm is proposed for deducing the State Transition Diagram of a nonlinear CA rule from that of its nearest linear rule. A parameter called the proportion of deviant states is introduced, and its dependence on the length of the CA is studied for a particular class of nonlinear rules.

scholarly journals Planning with Expectation Models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wan ◽  
Muhammad Zaheer ◽  
Adam White ◽  
Martha White ◽  
Richard S. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Value Function ◽  
The State ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Stochastic Environments ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Convergence Results ◽  
Expectation Model ◽  
Evaluation Algorithm ◽  
Planning Algorithm ◽  
Action Spaces

Distribution and sample models are two popular model choices in model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL). However, learning these models can be intractable, particularly when the state and action spaces are large. Expectation models, on the other hand, are relatively easier to learn due to their compactness and have also been widely used for deterministic environments. For stochastic environments, it is not obvious how expectation models can be used for planning as they only partially characterize a distribution. In this paper, we propose a sound way of using approximate expectation models for MBRL. In particular, we 1) show that planning with an expectation model is equivalent to planning with a distribution model if the state value function is linear in state features, 2) analyze two common parametrization choices for approximating the expectation: linear and non-linear expectation models, 3) propose a sound model-based policy evaluation algorithm and present its convergence results, and 4) empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed planning algorithm. 

Estimating the state of a one‐dimensional waveguide

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 3049-3049
Author(s):  
Edgar Berdahl ◽  
Julius Smith
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
One Dimensional
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