scholarly journals Coupled water-heat-carbon exchange processes in cold environments: observation and numerical modeling

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianyu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Exchange Processes

scholarly journals Comment on “Contrasting carbon cycle responses of the tropical continents to the 2015–2016 El Niño”

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 362 (6418) ◽  
pp. eaar5432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Chevallier
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Error Budget ◽  
Exchange Processes

Liu et al. (Research Articles, 13 October 2017) inferred carbon flux anomalies in tropical continents with enough confidence to constrain the driving carbon-exchange processes. I show that they underestimated their error budget and that more effort must be invested in the satellite concentration retrievals and in the atmospheric transport models before such precision can be achieved.

scholarly journals Investigating Exchange Processes over Complex Topography: The Innsbruck Box (i-Box)

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias W. Rotach ◽  
Ivana Stiperski ◽  
Oliver Fuhrer ◽  
Brigitta Goger ◽  
Alexander Gohm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Turbulence Structure ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Free Atmosphere ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Continuous Surface ◽  
Modeling Strategy

Abstract The flow and turbulence structure in the atmospheric boundary layer over complex mountainous terrain determines Earth–atmosphere interaction, that is, the exchange of energy, mass, and momentum between the surface over such terrain and the free atmosphere. Numerical models for weather and climate, even when operated at high or very high grid resolution, are known to be deficient, leading to inaccurate local forecasts (weather) or scenarios (climate). The nature and reasons for these deficiencies, however, are difficult to assess because systematic and long-term combined observational/modeling studies in mountainous terrain are missing. The Innsbruck Box (i-Box) project aims at filling in this gap through a network of long-term turbulence sites in truly complex terrain, complemented by similarly continuous (surface based) remote sensing and numerical modeling at high to highest [i.e., large-eddy simulation (LES)] resolution. This contribution details the i-Box approach, the experimental design, and available data, as well as the numerical modeling strategy. The first scientific highlights are presented to illustrate the potential of the i-Box data pool and possible future directions.

scholarly journals The monsoon effect on energy and carbon exchange processes over a highland lake in the southwest of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 15087-15104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Du ◽  
Huizhi Liu ◽  
Lujun Xu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Erhai Lake ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Exchange Processes

Abstract. Erhai Lake is a subtropical highland shallow lake on the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau, which is influenced by both South Asian and East Asian summer monsoons. Based on 4 years of continuous eddy covariance (EC) data over Erhai Lake, the monsoon effect on water–atmosphere exchange processes is investigated by comparing the energy and CO2 flux patterns and their main drivers during pre-monsoon (March–April), monsoon (May–October) and post-monsoon (November–December) periods. The results show that the atmospheric properties display a large difference during the three different periods. There is a negative difference between water surface and air temperature (T) during the pre-monsoon period, while a positive T during the post-monsoon period. The diurnal sensible heat flux (Hs) is larger during the post-monsoon period, while the latent heat flux (LE) is larger during the monsoon period. The monthly average Hs and heat storage (Q) in the lake remain negative during the pre-monsoon period and the early monsoon period, and they become positive in the middle monsoon period, which indicates that the lake absorbs heat at first and releases it subsequently. LE plays a dominating role in the energy partitioning of the lake. The Bowen ratio is higher during the post-monsoon period. The uptake of CO2 flux is observed in the middle of the day during monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The ΔT is the main driver for Hs and the effect of ΔT is increased as timescales are extended from half-hourly to monthly. The wind speed has a weak effect on Hs but a strong effect on LE and CO2 fluxes. Similar main drivers for Hs are found during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods, which is also found for CO2 flux, indicating a large impact of the monsoon on the heat and carbon exchange processes over Erhai Lake.

scholarly journals The 14C Age of Humic Substances in Paleosols

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 991-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Alexandrovskiy ◽  
Olga A. Chichagova
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
14C Age ◽  
Burial Mounds

By comparing the radiocarbon age of the soils under burial mounds of known archaeological age with the surface-exposed (background) soils of the surrounding landscapes, we may evaluate the rates of humus renewal in these soils. In the cold climate of the mideastern areas of the Russian plains, the value of humus rejuvenation coefficient decreases. This shows that humus renewal is 5–10 times slower than in the warmer climate of the southern regions. Using the obtained data on the rejuvenation rate of humus substances, we can determine the age of paleosols and study the dynamics of the carbon exchange processes in the biosphere.

Social exchange processes, health behaviour, and health behaviour change

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Urte Scholz ◽  
Rainer Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Multi Method Approach

Abstract. The main research areas of the Social and Health Psychology group at the Department of Psychology at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, are introduced. Exemplarily, three currently ongoing projects are described. The project ”Dyadic exchange processes in couples facing dementia” examines social exchanges in couples with the husband suffering from dementia and is based on Equity Theory. This project applies a multi-method approach by combining self-report with observational data. The ”Swiss Tobacco Monitoring System” (TMS) is a representative survey on smoking behaviour in Switzerland. Besides its survey character, the Swiss TMS also allows for testing psychological research questions on smoking with a representative sample. The project, ”Theory-based planning interventions for changing nutrition behaviour in overweight individuals”, elaborates on the concept of planning. More specifically, it is tested whether there is a critical amount of repetitions of a planning intervention (e.g., three or nine times) in order to ensure long-term effects.

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