Sapropels in the Mediterranean - What Caused the Difference Between East and West?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rohling
Keyword(s):  
East And West ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Difference

Solar Radiation and Earth Temperatures

1902 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 296-311
Author(s):  
C. G. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Recent Meeting ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Difference

At a recent meeting of the Society, Dr Buchan read a paper based on certain observations of the temperature of the waters of the Mediterranean, which had been made by the staff of the Austrian ship Pola. These indicated that the direct effect of solar Tadiation was felt to a depth of over 150 feet. At any rate, the facts were that the temperature of the upper stratum of water of this thickness was perceptibly higher at about 4 p.m. than at 8 a.m., and that the difference was about 1°·5 Fahr. or 0°·8 Cent, at the surface, diminishing fairly steadily to value zero at a depth of fully 150 feet or 50 metres. It may easily be calculated that this excess of temperature at the afternoon hour means the accumulation of an amount of heat equal to 1460 units in every column of water 1 square centimetre in section; and this is accomplished within the eight hours from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. It must be noted that this accumulation of heat is a daily occurrence.

scholarly journals Marginal Sea Overflows and the Upper Ocean Interaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Kida ◽  
Jiayan Yang ◽  
James F. Price
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Potential Vorticity ◽  
Baroclinic Instability ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Marginal Sea ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Numerical Model Experiments ◽  
Gyre Circulation

Abstract Marginal sea overflows and the overlying upper ocean are coupled in the vertical by two distinct mechanisms—by an interfacial mass flux from the upper ocean to the overflow layer that accompanies entrainment and by a divergent eddy flux associated with baroclinic instability. Because both mechanisms tend to be localized in space, the resulting upper ocean circulation can be characterized as a β plume for which the relevant background potential vorticity is set by the slope of the topography, that is, a topographic β plume. The entrainment-driven topographic β plume consists of a single gyre that is aligned along isobaths. The circulation is cyclonic within the upper ocean (water columns are stretched). The transport within one branch of the topographic β plume may exceed the entrainment flux by a factor of 2 or more. Overflows are likely to be baroclinically unstable, especially near the strait. This creates eddy variability in both the upper ocean and overflow layers and a flux of momentum and energy in the vertical. In the time mean, the eddies accompanying baroclinic instability set up a double-gyre circulation in the upper ocean, an eddy-driven topographic β plume. In regions where baroclinic instability is growing, the momentum flux from the overflow into the upper ocean acts as a drag on the overflow and causes the overflow to descend the slope at a steeper angle than what would arise from bottom friction alone. Numerical model experiments suggest that the Faroe Bank Channel overflow should be the most prominent example of an eddy-driven topographic β plume and that the resulting upper-layer transport should be comparable to that of the overflow. The overflow-layer eddies that accompany baroclinic instability are analogous to those observed in moored array data. In contrast, the upper layer of the Mediterranean overflow is likely to be dominated more by an entrainment-driven topographic β plume. The difference arises because entrainment occurs at a much shallower location for the Mediterranean case and the background potential vorticity gradient of the upper ocean is much larger.

scholarly journals On Metalliferous Saddles

The Geologist ◽  
1861 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
R. N. Rubidge
Keyword(s):  
Gneiss Granite ◽  
Calcareous Rock ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

In the number of your journal for October, 1860, I read with great interest a paper by Dr. Watson “On the Metalliferous Saddles of Derbyshire and Staffordshire.” The Doctor says that, though well known to the miners, he believes these saddles have not hitherto been described by any geologist. If he will refer to the Journal of the Geol. Soc., 1857, p. 233, he will find a paper “On the Mines of Namaqualand,” in which I think he will recognise a description of these deposits under the name of “metallic axes.” With such modifications as the difference in the strata and their metallic contents requires, his description would nearly apply to what I said.The strata in which my axes occur are gneiss and gneiss-granite with occasional beds of magnesian and micaceous rock at Springbok Vontein and Concordia, and micaceous and calcareous rock, with gneiss at Kodas. The saddles (a better name than mine) in all the productive mines were folds in the strata, with fissures of various sizes and directions intersecting them. The one was in some cases more abundant in the planes corresponding to the original bedding of the rock: this was strikingly the case at Concordia, where the main dip was north and the disturbed one south—the strike of the rocks being nearly east and west. (Sec. 1 and 2).

scholarly journals IX. Observations on the currents and undercurrents of the Dardanelles and Bosphorus, made by Commander J. L. Wharton, of H. M. Surveying-Ship 'Shearwater,' between the months of June and October, 1872. From a report of that officer to the hydrographer of the admiralty. Communicated by Admiralty

1873 ◽  
Vol 21 (139-147) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Large Rivers ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
General Flow ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Difference

There is a general flow of the Black-Sea water through the Bosphorus, Marmara, and Dardanelles to the Mediterranean, probably caused by the combination of three things:—first, the prevalence of N. E. winds in the Black Sea; secondly, the excess of water received from the large rivers over the amount lost by temperature at some seasons; and, thirdly, the difference of specific gravities in the two seas. Of these, observation goes to prove that the wind has by far the greatest influence.

scholarly journals Diaspore

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Balkans ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Target Culture

The series Diaspore. Quaderni di ricerca originates from the desire to investigate the human being’s diasporic dimension, in its various forms. In the mechanisms implemented by the globalisation’s processes, which tend to assimilate the diversity and to blend the inevitable conflicts arising from the difference, the diasporic and migratory phenomenon can paradoxically be the original element to safeguard an individual and a culture in a new territory, providing a peculiar reflection area in which the conservation of that starting culture, but also the interstitial territories and the hybridism phenomena between this and the target culture can be preserved. Research laboratories of these realities will be mainly the cultural, literary, and artistic productions, generated in particular historical contexts, in territories including Europe and Africa, the Mediterranean, the Balkans and the Americas, regions where the culturally-composite identities, on heterogeneous bases, reveal the vitality of moving cultures.

scholarly journals Processing The Difference In Spanish-Language Media In Morocco

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
Frank - Jablonka
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Difference

Spanish-language media in Morocco represent currently an almost unexplored field of research. The present contribution is centred on some aspects of postcolonial (and even, in a large sense, colonial, since we take into account online documents from the Spanish presidios on the Mediterranean coast as well) discours formations in the Spanish-language blogosphere. While discourses focused on postcolonial topics in French blogs have already been analyzed (Torterat, forthcoming), investigations of a similar orientation do not seem to have been carried out on our research object.

scholarly journals Dicrotrichura tricincta gen. et spec. nov.: A new tantulocaridan (Crustacea: Maxillopoda) from the Mediterranean deep waters off Corsica

1989 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rony Huys
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ligurian Sea ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time ◽  
Crustacean Host

The new genus and species, Dicrotrichura tricincta, is described from deep mud (1220 m) in the Ligurian Sea (western Mediterranean). It is the first tantulocaridan not found to be attached to a crustacean host but free living in the sediment. It is assigned to the Deoterthridae on the basis of the absence of a rostrum, the abdominal segmentation and the characteristic cephalic pore pattern. It can be distinguished from all known tantulocaridans in the presence of peculiar, bi-articulated caudal setae and the difference in thoracopodal setation between leg 2 and legs 3–5. Some new structures located on the attachment disc are described for the first time. D. tricincta is the second tantulocaridan to be recorded from the Mediterranean.

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