scholarly journals Five-axis laser milling system that realizes more accurate zirconia CAD/CAM crowns by direct milling from fully sintered blocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo OHKUMA ◽  
Takashi KAMEDA ◽  
Kazuto TERADA
Keyword(s):  
Laser Milling ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Five Axis

Tool Path Geometry for Multi-Axis Kinematics Conversion in CAD-CAM Integration

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Jen Chou ◽  
D. C. H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Time Dependent Domain ◽  
Arbitrary Space ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Tool Motion ◽  
And Control ◽  
Five Axis

Abstract In the integration of CAD and CAM, it is necessary to relate machine tool kinematics and control in a CAM process to the geometrical data in a CAD model. The data stored in a CAD model is usually static in nature and represented by unitless parameters. Yet, in machine tool motion and control, the data should be transformed into a time dependent domain. In this paper, a general theory on the conversion from desired paths to motion trajectory is analytically derived. The geometrical properties of a desired path, including position, tangent, and curvature are related to the kinematics of coordinated motion including feedrate, acceleration, and jerk. As a result, the motion commands used as control references to track arbitrary space curves for five-axis computer-controlled machines can be generated in a rather straight-forward as well as systematic way.

The Development of an APT Program Interpreter for 5-Axis Machining

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 2247-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin Yu Cheng ◽  
Jo Peng Tsai ◽  
Yung Chou Kao
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Nc Code ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Cutter Orientation ◽  
Advanced Machining ◽  
Five Axis ◽  
Cam Software

As there are various machine configuration and frequent changes of cutter orientation in 5-axis machining, the standard NC codes are not inter-exchangeable among machines. This phenomenon induces a lot of cutting difficulties and machining problems such as the inconvenient working process for operators and very low cutting efficiency. At present, some advanced machine controllers already can accept the APT code besides NC code to increase the cutting flexibility. They also offer some advanced machining functions such as tool center point control and spatial compensations of tool, etc. By way of APT interpreting, the common controller can also implement these advanced functions. Besides, CAD/CAM software also supports APT post-processor to generate NC code for different machine configurations. This means the application of ATP program has played an important role in five-axis machining. However, although CAD/CAM software supports the interpretation of APT program as a core key technology of five-axis machining, the manufacturers of controller with advanced functions are unwilling to open their system. Up to now, there has been few related research papers published on this topic. In this paper, we proposed an APT interpretation method for five-axis machining. This method includes seven functional modules and related implementing procedures. A case study has been adopted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The research result could be adopted as a reference to develop the value-added technology in 5-axis machine tool application for academy and industry.

Interference-free tool orientation determination by a virtual enveloping element for five-axis machining of a freeform surface

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
pp. 1683-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Lee ◽  
J N Lee
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Freeform Surface ◽  
Tool Orientation ◽  
Surface Machining ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Rear Gouging ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Five Axis

In machining freeform surfaces on five-axis machine tools, it is very important to determine the location of the cutting tool. The commercial computer aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software for five-axis machining often lacks flexibility to specify the appropriate tool orientation and toolpath for surface machining. This paper presents a new methodology for determining feasible tool orientation of a toroidal milling cutter with collision and gouging avoidance in five-axis machining of a freeform surface. To avoid collision and rear gouging, a virtual enveloping element is proposed that is derived from the properties of the local and global surfaces. The set of tool orientations can be found first by confining the cutting tool within the virtual enveloping element. Then, the principal induced normal curvatures between the freeform surface and the cutting tool need to be evaluated to offer the criterion of gouging detection. To achieve the best combination of scallop height and machining efficiency, the contact length is also calculated for various tool orientations. The toolpaths generated by the proposed method are verified through solid cutting simulation and a trial cut on a five-axis machine.

scholarly journals Computer-Assisted Mandibular Reconstruction using a Patient-Specific Reconstruction Plate Fabricated with Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Wilde ◽  
Carl-Peter Cornelius ◽  
Alexander Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mandibular Reconstruction ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Reconstruction Plate ◽  
Fibula Flap ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Five Axis

We investigated the workflow of computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction that was performed with a patient-specific mandibular reconstruction plate fabricated with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques and a fibula flap. We assessed the feasibility of this technique from virtual planning to the completion of surgery. Computed tomography (CT) scans of a cadaveric skull and fibula were obtained for the virtual simulation of mandibular resection and reconstruction using ProPlan CMF software (Materialise®/DePuy Synthes®). The virtual model of the reconstructed mandible provided the basis for the computer-aided design of a patient-specific reconstruction plate that was milled from titanium using a five-axis milling machine and CAM techniques. CAD/CAM techniques were used for producing resection guides for mandibular resection and cutting guides for harvesting a fibula flap. Mandibular reconstruction was simulated in a cadaveric wet laboratory. No problems were encountered during the procedure. The plate was fixed accurately to the residual bone without difficulty. The fibula segments were attached to the plate rapidly and reliably. The fusion of preoperative and postoperative CT datasets demonstrated high reconstruction precision. Computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction with CAD/CAM-fabricated patient-specific reconstruction plates appears to be a promising approach for mandibular reconstruction. Clinical trials are required to determine whether these promising results can be translated into successful practice and what further developments are needed.

Toolpath Planning and Simulation for Cutting Test of Non-Orthogonal Five-Axis Machine Tool

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 402-407
Author(s):  
Jeng Nan Lee ◽  
Chen Hua She ◽  
Chyouh Wu Brian Huang ◽  
Hung Shyong Chen ◽  
Huang Kuang Kung
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Nc Code ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Toolpath Planning ◽  
Cutting Test ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Machining Test ◽  
Universal Spindle ◽  
Five Axis

Owing to NAS 979 describes a cutting test for five-axis machine center with a universal spindle, several conditions for C-type machine tool have not been defined yet. This paper proposes a cutting test for a non-orthogonal swivel head and a rotary table type five-axis machine tool (C type) to evaluate its performance. The workpiece consists of 10 machining features. These features include the multi-axis simultaneous machining patterns and the positioning machining patterns. The flat end mill cutters are applied in each machining feature. Cutter location data for the test piece was generated using a commercial CAD/CAM system (UG) and converted to five-axis NC code using a postprocessor created in UG Post Builder. This UG postprocessor is verified through the developed postprocessor utilizing the modified D-H notation. It is also verified using VERICUT® solid cutting simulation software demonstrated the veracity of the generated five-axis NC code. The machining test is applicable for a variety of five-axis machine tool configurations.

scholarly journals Effect of CAD/CAM Post Process on S-Shaped Machining Test for Five-Axis Machining Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-601
Author(s):  
Yukitoshi Ihara ◽  
Koichiro Takubo ◽  
Tatsuo Nakai ◽  
Ryuta Sato ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Rotation Direction ◽  
Post Process ◽  
Accuracy Test ◽  
Nc Program ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Machining Test ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Five Axis

ISO 10791-7, the test standard for machining centers, was revised in 2014 to add the test method for five-axis machining centers. However, an S-shaped test was additionally proposed as an accuracy test of aircraft parts from China immediately before the establishment of the test standard. In an ISO meeting, various problems such as creating three-dimensional models and evaluation items have been indicated for the proposed test method. By revising these problems, the standard was finally completed and will be introduced as an informative annex soon. However, it is still an inappropriate test method from the viewpoint of performance inspection for machine tools. In this research, the S-shaped test method draft proposed in September 2016 is tested using two types of five-axis machining centers and commercial CAM software. Consequently, a hidden problem is revealed, that is, an abrupt movement that affected the final result is added to the machine because the rotation direction of the rotary axes is not ideal. This is attributed to the performance of the CAM software’s post processor that converts from CL data to NC program. This study provides some insights into avoiding the problem and obtaining better test results.

CAD/CAM Strategies for a Parallel Kinematics SPIF Machine

2013 ◽  
Vol 554-557 ◽  
pp. 2221-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
João B.S. Farias ◽  
Miguel A.B.E. Martins ◽  
Daniel G. Afonso ◽  
Sonia R.H. Marabuto ◽  
Jorge A. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Single Point Incremental Forming ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Parallel Kinematics ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Five Axis

Single point incremental forming has attracted the interest of researchers in the last decade for the production of prototypes and small batch production of sheet-based parts [1, 2]. This technique allows the manufacture of parts without using expensive die sets. The SPIF (Single point incremental forming) process can be performed on different equipments such as adapted CNC milling machines, serial robots and built proposed machines [3]. Every solution has advantages and disadvantages. This work presents the CAD/CAM strategies for a parallel kinematics SPIF machine, designed and built at the University of Aveiro [3]. This machine brings a new approach to the SPIF industry. The machinery used to perform SPIF operations has limitations in their work volume with limited movements and in the magnitude of applicable forces. With that in mind, this machine was projected to overcome that obstacle, and was provided with a system with 6 degrees of freedom, while maintaining the ability to apply high loads. The disadvantage is the increase in volume occupied by the kinematic system. The manufacture of new parts could be reached out with more flexibility on the chosen tool path. The first step is the product design in the commercial CAD system. Next step is generating the tool path of the forming tool. This step is very important to achieve the desired part shape. It is used a commercial CAM system (EdgeCAM 2012®), which has resources from three up to five axis strategies. The last step is to send the information to the machine’s control system, based on real-time software. This paper will describe each step with more details.

Five-Axis NC Program Conversion for Inclined Plane Machining

2013 ◽  
Vol 479-480 ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
Hsin Yu Cheng ◽  
Yung Chou Kao
Keyword(s):  
Machining Processes ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
Nc Programming ◽  
Nc Program ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Hole Making ◽  
Inclined Angle ◽  
Contour Machining ◽  
Five Axis

Machining processes on an inclined plane include mostly hole making, profiling, and pocketing. It comprises of 80% - 90% cutting process in five-axis machining and is therefore very important in multi-axis machining work. However, five-axis machining processes are normally difficult to introduce and to use because five-axis CAD/CAM and post-processor are normally demanded to generate five-axis NC program even though it is for the 2D contour machining on a plane with inclined angle. Therefore, this paper studies the inclined plane machining methods and extends traditional three-axis milling machining processes and methods so as to directly convert 2-1/2 and three-axis NC program into five-axis machining program to ease the application of five-axis machining processes. This study integrates the developed three-axis NC program interpreter, inclined plane coordinates transformation, and post-processor to simply the inclined plane NC programming. Two-dimensional NC program on a plane can be converted into five-axis NC program on the inclined-plane by the proposed methodology. Case study has been utilized to verify the utilization and correctness of the proposed methodology

Transformation of Three-Axis Tool Path to Inclined Plane for Five-Axis Machining

2013 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 614-619
Author(s):  
Chen Hua She ◽  
Zhi Hao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
Nc Program ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Five Axis ◽  
Very High

Manufacturing industries such as the aerospace industry and the molding industry need to process products of complex and high-precision curved surface. Multi-axis machine tool with two rotational axes plays an indispensable role in processing such products. However, in a fiercely competitive market, each manufacturer is devoted to reduce processing time and costs. Therefore, how to efficiently create multi-axis numerical control program has become an important issue. Typical multi-axis machining parts often have specific machining features such as hole, groove or even engraved text on the inclined plane. Although the tool path can be generated by the advanced multi-axis CAD/CAM system, the prices of such systems are very high. This study proposed a methodology for defining the inclined working plane of the multi-axis machining tool. According to the defined working coordinate system proposed in this study, the tool path files of the traditional three-axis machine tool can be transformed to the five-axis NC program through post-processing calculation. As a result, the required NC program can be obtained for the same machining feature on any inclined plane in shorter time. Finally, this study tested and confirmed the accuracy of the numerical control program by solid cutting simulation software.

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