Structure and Function of the Influenza A Virus Non-Structural Protein 1

Influenza A viruses are dynamically epidemic and genetically diverse. Due to the antigenic drift and shift of the virus, seasonal vaccines are required to be reformulated annually to match with current circulating strains. However, the mismatch between vaccinal strains and circulating strains occurs frequently, resulting in the low efficacy of seasonal vaccines. Therefore, several “universal” vaccine candidates based on the structure and function of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein have been developed to meet the requirement of a broad protection against homo-/heterosubtypic challenges. Here, we review recent novel constructs and discuss several important findings regarding the broad protective efficacy of HA-based universal vaccines.

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Structure and Function of the NS1 Protein of Influenza A Virus

Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica ◽

10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00263.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 155-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Dongzi LIN ◽

Jingfang LAN ◽

Zhizhen ZHANG

Keyword(s):

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Ns1 Protein ◽

And Function

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2K1615 Structure and function of the M1 linker region of influenza A virus

Seibutsu Butsuri ◽

10.2142/biophys.42.s132_2 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 42 (supplement2) ◽

pp. S132

Author(s):

A. Okada ◽

H. Takeuchi

Keyword(s):

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Linker Region ◽

And Function

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Generation and characterization of a new panel of broadly reactive anti-NS1 mAbs for detection of influenza A virus

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.046649-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 593-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Md Niaz Rahim ◽

Mohammed Selman ◽

Patricia J. Sauder ◽

Nicole E. Forbes ◽

William Stecho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Structural Protein ◽

Good Target ◽

Ns3 Protein ◽

And Function ◽

Selective Reactivity ◽

Darby Canine Kidney

Influenza A virus (IAV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has multiple functions, is essential for virus replication and may be a good target for IAV diagnosis. To generate broadly cross-reactive NS1-specific mAbs, mice were immunized with A/Hong Kong/1/1968 (H3N2) 6×His-tagged NS1 and hybridomas were screened with glutathione S-transferase-conjugated NS1 of A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1). mAbs were isotyped and numerous IgG-type clones were characterized further. Most clones specifically recognized NS1 from various H1N1 and H3N2 IAV types by both immunoblot and immunofluorescence microscopy in mouse M1, canine Madin–Darby canine kidney and human A549 cells. mAb epitopes were mapped by overlapping peptides and selective reactivity to the newly described viral NS3 protein. These mAbs detected NS1 in both the cytoplasm and nucleus by immunostaining, and some detected NS1 as early as 5 h post-infection, suggesting their potential diagnostic use for tracking productive IAV replication and characterizing NS1 structure and function. It was also demonstrated that the newly identified NS3 protein is localized in the cytoplasm to high levels.

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