The Value of Government Mandated Location-Based Services in Emergencies in Australia

2013 ◽  
pp. 244-272
Author(s):  
Anas Aloudat ◽  
Katina Michael ◽  
Roba Abbas ◽  
Mutaz Al-Debei
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
National Security ◽  
Real World ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Location Services ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
National Emergency

The adoption of mobile technologies for emergency management has the capacity to save lives. In Australia in February 2009, the Victorian Bushfires claimed 173 lives, the worst peace-time disaster in the nation’s history. The Australian government responded swiftly to the tragedy by going to tender for mobile applications that could be used during emergencies, such as mobile alerts and location services. These applications have the ability to deliver personalized information direct to the citizen during crises, complementing traditional broadcasting mediums like television and radio. Indeed governments have a responsibility to their citizens to safeguard them against both natural and human-made hazards and today national security has grown to encapsulate such societal and economic securitization. However, some citizens and lobby groups have emphasized that such breakthrough technologies need to be deployed with caution as they are fraught with ethical considerations, including the potential for breaches in privacy, security and trust. The other problem is that real world implementations of national emergency alerts have not always worked reliably and their value has come into question as a result. This paper provides a big picture view of the value of government-mandated location-based services during emergencies, and the challenges ensuing from their use.

The Value of Government Mandated Location-Based Services in Emergencies in Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Aloudat ◽  
Katina Michael ◽  
Roba Abbas ◽  
Mutaz Al-Debei
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
National Security ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Location Services ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
National Emergency

The adoption of mobile technologies for emergency management has the capacity to save lives. In Australia in February 2009, the Victorian Bushfires claimed 173 lives, the worst peace-time disaster in the nation’s history. The Australian government responded swiftly to the tragedy by going to tender for mobile applications that could be used during emergencies, such as mobile alerts and location services. These applications have the ability to deliver personalized information direct to the citizen during crises, complementing traditional broadcasting mediums like television and radio. Indeed governments have a responsibility to their citizens to safeguard them against both natural and human-made hazards and today national security has grown to encapsulate such societal and economic securitization. However, some citizens and lobby groups have emphasized that such breakthrough technologies need to be deployed with caution as they are fraught with ethical considerations, including the potential for breaches in privacy, security and trust. The other problem is that real world implementations of national emergency alerts have not always worked reliably and their value has come into question as a result. This paper provides a big picture view of the value of government-mandated location-based services during emergencies, and the challenges ensuing from their use.

The Socio-Ethical Considerations Surrounding Government Mandated Location-Based Services during Emergencies

2011 ◽  
pp. 129-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Aloudat ◽  
Katina Michael
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
National Security ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Location Services

The adoption of mobile technologies for emergency management has the capacity to save lives. In Australia in February 2009, the Victorian bushfires claimed 173 lives, the worst peace-time disaster in the nation’s history. The Australian government responded swiftly to the tragedy by going to tender for mobile applications that could be used during emergencies, such as mobile alerts and location services. These applications have the ability to deliver personalized information direct to the citizen during crises, complementing traditional broadcasting mediums like television and radio. Indeed governments have a responsibility to their citizens to safeguard them against both natural and human-made hazards, and today, national security has grown to encapsulate such societal and economic securitization. However, some citizens and lobby groups have emphasized that such breakthrough technologies need to be deployed with caution as they are fraught with ethical considerations, including the potential for breaches in privacy, security, and trust.

The Socio-Ethical Considerations Surrounding Government Mandated Location-Based Services during Emergencies

2013 ◽  
pp. 918-943
Author(s):  
Anas Aloudat ◽  
Katina Michael
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
National Security ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Location Services

The adoption of mobile technologies for emergency management has the capacity to save lives. In Australia in February 2009, the Victorian bushfires claimed 173 lives, the worst peace-time disaster in the nation’s history. The Australian government responded swiftly to the tragedy by going to tender for mobile applications that could be used during emergencies, such as mobile alerts and location services. These applications have the ability to deliver personalized information direct to the citizen during crises, complementing traditional broadcasting mediums like television and radio. Indeed governments have a responsibility to their citizens to safeguard them against both natural and human-made hazards, and today, national security has grown to encapsulate such societal and economic securitization. However, some citizens and lobby groups have emphasized that such breakthrough technologies need to be deployed with caution as they are fraught with ethical considerations, including the potential for breaches in privacy, security, and trust.

The Choice between Politics-Oriented and Risk-Oriented Management in Korea: Transition to Manage All Kinds of Risks

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoo-Man Ha
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Management Agency ◽  
Key Players ◽  
National Emergency

Abstract This article aims to facilitate the transition from politics-oriented management to risk-oriented management in the field of Korean emergency management by analyzing the barriers and alternatives around three key players, namely, (1) the National Assembly, (2) the National Emergency Management Agency, and (3) business corporations. These three players have continued to focus on managing both fire and flood due to typhoon by utilizing politics-oriented management. In other words, when the other risks occur, Korea will surely face related catastrophe. Therefore, it is urgent for Korea to manage all kinds of risks equally, including fire and flood due to typhoon, by embarking on risk-oriented management.

scholarly journals A Platform and Its Applied Modes for Geography Fieldwork in Higher Education Based on Location Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Ling Ruan ◽  
Yi Long ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Guonian Lv
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Dynamic Adjustment ◽  
Location Services ◽  
Significant Support ◽  
Independent Mode ◽  
Teacher Centered

Fieldwork is an important aspect of geography learning in higher educational institutions. Under the support of mobile technologies, the process and method of fieldwork in geography education have significantly been changed. However, the in-depth combination of Location-Based Services (LBSs) and geography fieldwork is still in the initial exploration stage. This paper designed and implemented a professional geography fieldwork platform based on Lushan, a famous geography fieldwork education station in Jiangxi, China. The platform includes the student-side mobile application, teacher-side mobile application, and a web back-end management system. Three specific technologically-enhanced applied modes were put forward based on the platform, which contains teacher-centered, semi-supervised, and student-independent modes. Students’ views on the three applied modes and usage in the fieldwork platform were collected through a questionnaire. The result shows that the LBS fieldwork platform has significant support for geography fieldwork. It meets the needs of students and reduces the burden for teachers. The teacher-centered is the most popular mode for students. Due to the unguaranteed fieldwork safety, inconvenient dynamic adjustment, and the habit of relying on the teacher’s explanation, the student-independent mode based on the LBS platform has apparent limitations. Nevertheless, students can recognize its potential in improving their practical, cooperative, and autonomous abilities. They are willing to try independent fieldwork supported by the platform in several days.

scholarly journals Government Authority and the Covid-19 Lockdown

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
National Security ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Civil Defence ◽  
National Emergency ◽  
Epidemic Response ◽  
Government Authority

During the national lockdown, Cabinet exercised extraordinary authority in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. This article summarises the circumstances leading up to the adjournment of Parliament in late March, and the decision-making processes in place during the lockdown. This includes the national security system and all-of-government response to the crisis, as well as the key legislative triggers for the government’s response: the Epidemic Preparedness Act 2006 (and the epidemic notice) and the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002 (and the state of national emergency). It also discusses decision making by the Covid-19 Ministerial Group and the Epidemic Response Committee while Parliament was adjourned. It argues that Cabinet exercised appropriate authority in response to the crisis and did not make significant, permanent or constitutional change.

Improving the External Validity of Conjoint Analysis: The Essential Role of Profile Distribution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon de la Cuesta ◽  
Naoki Egami ◽  
Kosuke Imai
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Open Source Software Package ◽  
Profile Distribution

Abstract Conjoint analysis has become popular among social scientists for measuring multidimensional preferences. When analyzing such experiments, researchers often focus on the average marginal component effect (AMCE), which represents the causal effect of a single profile attribute while averaging over the remaining attributes. What has been overlooked, however, is the fact that the AMCE critically relies upon the distribution of the other attributes used for the averaging. Although most experiments employ the uniform distribution, which equally weights each profile, both the actual distribution of profiles in the real world and the distribution of theoretical interest are often far from uniform. This mismatch can severely compromise the external validity of conjoint analysis. We empirically demonstrate that estimates of the AMCE can be substantially different when averaging over the target profile distribution instead of uniform. We propose new experimental designs and estimation methods that incorporate substantive knowledge about the profile distribution. We illustrate our methodology through two empirical applications, one using a real-world distribution and the other based on a counterfactual distribution motivated by a theoretical consideration. The proposed methodology is implemented through an open-source software package.

scholarly journals GazeEMD: Detecting Visual Intention in Gaze-Based Human-Robot Interaction

Robotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Lei Shi ◽  
Cosmin Copot ◽  
Steve Vanlanduit
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Real World ◽  
Robotic Manipulator ◽  
Similarity Score ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Run Length ◽  
The Real

In gaze-based Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), it is important to determine human visual intention for interacting with robots. One typical HRI interaction scenario is that a human selects an object by gaze and a robotic manipulator will pick up the object. In this work, we propose an approach, GazeEMD, that can be used to detect whether a human is looking at an object for HRI application. We use Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD) to measure the similarity between the hypothetical gazes at objects and the actual gazes. Then, the similarity score is used to determine if the human visual intention is on the object. We compare our approach with a fixation-based method and HitScan with a run length in the scenario of selecting daily objects by gaze. Our experimental results indicate that the GazeEMD approach has higher accuracy and is more robust to noises than the other approaches. Hence, the users can lessen cognitive load by using our approach in the real-world HRI scenario.

Peer Sharing Facilitates the Effect of Inquiry-based Projects on Science Learning

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Min Chung ◽  
Kristina Jackson Behan
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Real World ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Group Learning ◽  
Authentic Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Millennial Students ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning

Authentic assessment exercises are similar to real-world tasks that would be expected by a professional. An authentic assessment in combination with an inquiry-based learning activity enhances students' learning and rehearses them for their future roles, whether as scientists or as informed citizens. Over a period of 2 years, we experimented with two inquiry-based projects; one had traditional scientific inquiry characteristics, and the other used popular culture as the medium of inquiry. We found that activities that incorporated group learning motivated students and sharpened their abilities to apply and communicate their knowledge of science. We also discovered that incorporating popular culture provided ““Millennial”” students with a refreshing view of science learning and increased their appetites to explore and elaborate on science.

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